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Are these errors due to native language influence? Ellen Kester Scott Prath, Phuong Palafox November 20, 2014 American SpeechLanguage Hearing Association Convention Orlando, Florida

Slideshare are these errors due to language influence

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Page 1: Slideshare are these errors due to language influence

Are these errors due to native language influence?Ellen Kester Scott Prath,  Phuong Palafox

November 20, 2014American Speech‐Language Hearing Association Convention

Orlando, Florida

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One in five school children speak a language other than English at home.

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SLP Self‐report of level of qualification serving multicultural population

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Not at all qualified Under qualified Neutral Somewhat qualified Very Qualified

2010 ASHA Schools Survey

2012 ASHA Schools Survey

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Disproportionality

ELLs

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Do you need Continuing Education or want to listen to this course live?

Click here to visit the online courses.

Page 9: Slideshare are these errors due to language influence

This is hard!

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But there is so much that you already know!

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Difference or Disorder? Understanding Speech and Language Patterns in Culturally and Linguistically 

Diverse Students

Rapidly identify speech‐language patterns related to second language acquisition to distinguish difference from disorder.

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STREET CRED ‐ Teacher

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Difference vs. Disorder

NORMALDEVELOPMENTAL

ERRORS

SECOND-LANGUAGE INFLUENCE

ATYPICAL ERRORS

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Positive Transfer ‐ Speech• [d] exists in English, Spanish, and Vietnamese• [t] exists and can occur in final position in English, Spanish, and Vietnamese, 

• If a child can produce it in L1, that skill transfers well to English production

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Negative Transfer ‐ SpeechIn the L2 acquisition process children often use the closest sound/combination in their repertoire.

– Voiceless [th] exists in English but not Vietnamese or Spanish

– Consonant cluster cannot occur in word final position in Spanish and do not exist in Vietnamese

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Shared vs. Unshared sounds

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Phonotactic Constraints

Syllables

Consonant Clusters in Word Final Position

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/ɲ//ɾ//R//x/ 

/ð/  /dʒ//h/  /ŋ/ /θ/

/r/  /ʃ//v/

/z/ /ʒ/

SPANISH ENGLISH

/b/ /d/ /ɡ/ /p/ /t/ /k//m/ /n/ /s/ /tʃ/ /j/ /l/ /f/ /w/*

/w/ is produced as a bilabial in English and as a labiovelar in Spanish

Click here to download this chart as a pdf.

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Spanish Phonotactics

• S‐clusters are not allowed in word initial position

• Clusters are not permitted in word final position

• Few words end in consonants• Only [l, n, d, s, r] are allowed in word final position

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/b/ /d/ 

/g/ 

/p/ 

/t/ 

/θ/ /r/  /ʃ/ 

/dʒ / 

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/ɲ//ɾ//R//x/ 

/ð/  /dʒ//h/  /ŋ/ /θ/

/r/  /ʃ//v/  /w//z/ /ʒ/

SPANISH ENGLISH

/b/ /d/ /ɡ/ /p/ /t/ /k//m/ /n/ /s/ /tʃ/ /j/ /l/

/f/

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/b/ /d/ 

/g/ 

/p/ 

/t/ 

/θ/ /r/  /ʃ/ 

/dʒ / 

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/ʃ/ /dʒ / /b/ 

/θ/ /g/ /p/ 

/d/ /r/ /t/ 

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Spanish Consonant Difference Activity

BATH BAT

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THREE TREE

Spanish Consonant Difference Activity

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SHOE CHEW

Spanish Consonant Difference Activity

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VASE BASE

Spanish Consonant Difference Activity

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/th / /ʈ//c//ʔ/ /ɲ/ /ɣ/

/x/ /ɽ/

/ð/  /dʒ//ŋ/ /θ//ʃ/

/v/ /s//ʒ/

VIETNAMESE ENGLISH

/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /ɡ/ /m/ /n/ /j/ /w/ /f/ /z//h/ /tʃ/ /l/ /r/

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Vietnamese Phonotactics

• In addition to consonant and vowel consonants, tones are also phonemic

• Words are monosyllabic (except borrowed words).  Thus, no medial consonants.

• Final consonants can only be nasals or voiceless stops

• There are no consonant clusters

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Vietnamese Consonant Difference Activity

BATH BAT

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THREE

Vietnamese Consonant Difference Activity

TEE

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SHOE

Vietnamese Consonant Difference Activity

CHEW

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VASE

Vietnamese Consonant Difference Activity

BAYS

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/æ/ /ɔ/ /ʊ//ʌ/ /ɛ/

/ɪ/ /ə/

/ɑ//e//i//o//u/

SPANISH ENGLISH

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SpanishSpanish

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HAT HOT

Spanish Vowel Difference Activity

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GET GATE

Spanish Vowel Difference Activity

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HIT HEAT

Spanish Vowel Difference Activity

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LOOK LUKE

Spanish Vowel Difference Activity

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/ɯ//ɤ/ /ɤ̌/ /ɑ̆/ /ɔ̌/

/ʌ/ 

/ɪ/

/e/ 

/o/

VIETNAMESE ENGLISH

/ɑ/ /æ/ /ɔ/ /ʊ/

/u//ɛ/ /i/

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HAT

Vietnamese Vowel Difference Activity

HAT

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GET

Vietnamese Vowel Difference Activity

GET

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LOOK

Vietnamese Vowel Difference Activity

LOOK

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All of the documents and charts in this presentation can be downloaded from our Free Resource Library.

Click here to visit the Resource Library

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Mean Errors Per Grade Spanish

05

101520253035

PK K 1st 2nd 3rd

Num

ber o

f Err

ors

SpnMorphSpnSemanticSpnSyntacticSpnTotal

Mean Errors Per Grade English

05

101520253035

PK K 1st 2nd 3rd

Num

ber o

f Err

ors

EngMorphEngSemanticEngSyntacticEngTotal

Cross‐linguistic Errors in Children with Typical 

Development

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Positive Transfer ‐ Language• SVO for English, Spanish, Vietnamese• Note that in Spanish, other word orders are permissible. 

• In English, adjectives precede nouns.

• Prepositional phrases aresimilar in Vietnamese and English.

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Negative Transfer ‐ LanguageIn the acquisition process, ELLs will often use the structure from their first language.

• Adjective‐noun order• Prepositions• Copula• Articles• Plurality• Verb differences

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English Spanish Vietnamese

Adjective‐noun order

Adjective‐Noun Noun‐Adjective Noun‐Adjective

Copula Used with nouns and adjectives

Used with nouns and adjectives

Used with nouns, not adjectives

Plurality Add –s to markplurals, some irregulars

Add –s when word ends in vowel, ‐eswhen ending in consonants, no irregulars

Marked by adding the concept of “more than one” before the noun

Verbs 2 forms of verbperson, many tenses

5‐6 forms of verb person, many tenses

One form of verb person, 4 tenses

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Spanish Language Transfer Activity

• Adjective‐Noun Order• Copula• Plurals• Verbs

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EnglishBlue Dress

Adjective‐Noun Word Order

SpanishVestidoazul/Dress blue

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EnglishSusana is tall.

Use of the Copula

SpanishSusana es alta.

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EnglishTwo trees

Plurals

SpanishDos árboles/Two Trees

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EnglishHe walks.

Verb Use

SpanishÉl camina/He walk.

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Vietnamese Language Transfer Activity

• Adjective‐Noun Order• Copula• Plurals• Verbs

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EnglishBlue Dress

Adjective‐Noun Word Order

VietnamesePhuong‐ Fill in/Dress color blue

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EnglishSusana is tall.

Use of the Copula

VietnameseSusana Phuong‐fillSusana tall.

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EnglishTwo trees

Plurals

VietnamesePhuong fill in/More than one tree

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EnglishHe walks.

Verb Use

VietnamesePhuong fill in/Boy? walk.

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Application ‐ Speech

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Application: The Goldman FristoeTest of Articulation (GFTA)

Using clinical judgment to analyze errors due to 

cross‐linguistic influence

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Get  Testing Data• Parent Interview

– Do you have difficulty understanding your child?

– What language do you speak with your child.

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Find Information on the Second Language

• “difference between ___________ and English Language”

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• Give the GFTA

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• Get Results• Fill this in with Spanish

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Application ‐ Language

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2 Spanish‐English Students

• STUDENT 1 – 1st Grade, English classroom– Below grade level in

Kindergarten– Wears glasses– Reading is below grade

level– Difficulty answering

questions– Easily distracted

• STUDENT 2 – 1st Grade, English classroom• Repeating 1st grade• Struggling

academically (especially math and reading)

• Does not talk – often in class • Talks at recess• Bilingual home

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IM          English          ER• The kid (is) buy a frog and the dog see the 

frog. • Now the frog and the boy fell asleep, was

sleepy. • And the frog go away. [verb error]• (And the) and the kid and the dog gray up. • And the old one wasn’t there. • And the frog is no more allí, not there. • (And the, and the) and the kid [said], “Where 

are you, frog? • Koook! • (And the) and the dog pull a bucket, house, 

dog.• And a dog fall in the window. • And the kid was bad for the dog. • And the kid say woooo.• And some bees come.• And the dog smell the bees.• (And the) and the kid say, “kooook.”• And there was the dog.

• The, it it fell down of the (out) out of the tree.

• The kid was looking for a tree.• The kid fell down.• And the flies was chasing the, the dog.• The kid was, was climbing a rock.• He got up on it.• He found, he found something.• What he found he got on it. [The log, he got 

on it:  word order]• The dog was right in front of it.• The dog and the kid fell down and got wet.• They found a tree.• They were hided (in) in a tree.• The kid found the frog and the dog• The kid and the dog was looking at the frog.• He call to the, the frogs.

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IM          Spanish          ER• Niño.• Sapo, dónde estás?• Y la perro llores.• En una arbole.• Yo (la) la perro corrió.• Y ahora la niña di, “ooooh ooooh.”• La niño se sentó.• Errrr, errrr.• Shhhhh.• Y la niño cae.• Y el perro también.• Y el niño y el perro buscarlos.• Allí está sapos. Ya

• El está mirando a la, a la rana.• El perro también.• La rana se fue y se fue.• El niño fue a dormir.• Él se dio cuenta que no era la rana.• El perro estaba en la, adentro de la jarra, 

donde estaba la rana.• El niño está gritando que venga la rana.• Pero el perro se cayó.• Y el niño se fue afuera para agarrar al perro.• Allí está buscando el niño a la rana que no 

encontró.• Aquí está el niño, digo, adentro de un hoyo y 

el perro estaba ladrando las moscas.• Y que el niño se levantó del hoyo.• Y la casa donde viven las moscas, se cayó del 

arbol.• El niño estaba buscando la rana en un arbol.• El niño se cayó.

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• Difficulty learning both languages, even with adult assistance

• Difficulty producing sounds in both languages• Family history of language/learning disabilities • Slower development than siblings• Difficulty interacting with peers• Inappropriate pragmatic/social language skills (i.e., turn‐

taking, topic maintenance, considering listener needs, non‐verbal communication)

• Difficulty with language in many routines• Idiosyncratic error patterns • Speech and language performance unlike others with 

similar cultural/linguistic experiences

Click here to download this chart as a pdf.

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It is hard!

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