Our Solar System

Do You Know What a Solar System is ?

Our solar system is made up of an

enormous sun and everything that travels

around it.

---Our Solar System---

If we were to put the planets in order , from the one

closest to the sun, they would be Mercury, Venus, Earth,

Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.

Instead of these planets, there are thousands of other

astronomical objects like ASTEROIDS, COMETS, GALAXIES,

NEBULAS, STARS, …….etc.

Asteroids are sometimes called Minor Planets because they are made up of rocks

and metal.

---The Crab Nebula---

---The Iris Nebula---

---Andromida Galaxy---

---The Milkyway---

P L A N E T S

Definition of a Planet

A planet is an object in orbit around a star but does not give off its own light, rather it shines by reflecting sunlight.

…..There are 9 major planets…..

MERCURY

Mercury i s t h e i n n e r m o s t a n d s m a l l e s t p l a n e t i n t h e S o l a r S y s t e m , o r b i ti n g t h e S u n o n c e e v e r y 8 7 . 9 6 9 E a r t h d a y s . T h e o r b i t o f M e r c u r y h a s t h e h i g h e s t e c c e n t r i c i t y o f a l l t h e S o l a r S y s t e m p l a n e t s , a n d i t h a s t h e s m a l l e s t a x i a l ti l t . M e r c u r y i s b r i g h t w h e n v i e w e d f r o m E a r t h , r a n g i n g f r o m − 2 . 3 t o 5 . 7 i n a p p a r e n t m a g n i t u d e .

Physical Characteristics

Mean radius 2,439.7 ± 1.0 km0.3829 Earths

Flattening 0

Surface area 7.48 × 107 km²0.147 Earths

Volume 6.083 × 1010 km³0.056 Earths

Mass 3.3022 × 1023 kg0.055 Earths

Mean density 5.427 g/cm³

AtmosphereSurface pressure trace

Composition

42% Molecular oxygen29.0% sodium22.0% hydrogen6.0% helium0.5% potassiumTrace amounts of argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, xenon, krypton and neon

VENUS

Venus i s t h e s e c o n d p l a n e t f r o m t h e S u n , o r b i ti n g i t e v e r y 2 2 4 . 7 Ea r t h d ay s . T h e p l a n e t i s n a m e d a ft e r Ve n u s , t h e Ro m a n g o d d e s s o f l o v e a n d b e a u t y. A ft e r t h e M o o n , i t i s t h e b r i g ht e s t n a t u ra l o b j e c t i n t h e n i g ht s k y, r e a c h i n g a n a p p a r e nt m a g n i t u d e o f − 4 . 6 , b r i g h t e n o u g h to c a s t s h a d o w s .

--The surface of Venus--

E A R T H

Physical CharacteristicsMean radius 6,371.0 kmEquatorial radius 6,378.1 kmPolar radius 6,356.8 kmFlattening 0.0033528

Circumference 40,075.16 km (equatorial)40,008.00 km (meridional)

Surface area

510,072,000 km2 148,940,000 km2 land (29.2 %)

361,132,000 km2 water (70.8 %)

Volume 1.08321 × 1012 km3

Mass 5.9736 × 1024 kgMean density 5.515 g/cm3

AtmosphereSurface pressure 101.325 kPa (MSL)

Composition

78.08% nitrogen (N2)20.95% oxygen (O2)0.93% argon0.038% carbon dioxideAbout 1% water vapor (varies with climate)

View of the Earth from the Moon

Dawning of Night

M ARS

The Red Planet

Physical CharacteristicsEquatorial radius 3,396.2 ± 0.1 km

0.533 Earths

Polar radius 3,376.2 ± 0.1 km0.531 Earths

Flattening 0.005 89 ± 0.000 15

Surface area 144,798,500 km2

0.284 Earths

Volume 1.6318 × 1011 km3

0.151 Earths

Mass 6.4185 × 1023 kg0.107 Earths

Mean density 3.9335 ± 0.0004 g/cm³

The FACE on Mars

THE SURFACE OF MARS

Size comparison of Earth & Mars

J U P I T E R

Physical Characteristics

Equatorial radius 71,492 ± 4 km11.209 Earths

Polar radius 66,854 ± 10 km10.517 Earths

Flattening 0.06487 ± 0.00015

Surface area 6.21796×1010 km²[

121.9 Earths

Volume 1.43128×1015 km³[

1321.3 Earths

Mass1.8986×1027 kg317.8 Earths1/1047 Sun

Mean density 1.326 g/cm³[

Equatorial surface gravity 24.79 m/s²2.528 g

Size comparison of Earth & Jupiter

The Great Red Spot

S A T U R N

Physical Characteristics

Equatorial radius 60,268 ± 4 km9.4492 Earths

Polar radius 54,364 ± 10 km8.5521 Earths

Flattening 0.097 96 ± 0.000 18

Surface area 4.27 × 1010 km²83.703 Earths

Volume 8.2713 × 1014 km³763.59 Earths

Mass 5.6846 × 1026 kg95.152 Earths

Mean density 0.687 g/cm³(less than water)

THE RINGS OF SATURN

U R A N U S

Physical Characteristics

Equatorial radius 25,559 ± 4 km4.007 Earths

Polar radius 24,973 ± 20 km3.929 Earths

Flattening 0.022 9 ± 0.000 8

Circumference 156,909.98 km

Surface area 8.115 6 × 109 km²15.91 Earths

Volume 6.833 × 1013 km³63.086 Earths

Mass

(8.6810 ± 0.0013) × 1025 kg14.536 EarthsGM=5 793 939 ± 13 km³/s²

Mean density 1.27 g/cm³

AtmosphereScale height 27.7 kmComposition (Below 1.3 bar) 83 ± 3% Hydrogen (H2)

15 ± 3% Helium2.3% Methane

0.009%(0.007–0.015%)

Hydrogen deuteride (HD)

Ices:Ammoniawaterammonium hydrosulfide (NH4SH)

methane (CH4)

NEPTUNE

Physical CharacteristicsEquatorial radius 24,764 ± 15 km

3.883 Earths

Polar radius 24,341 ± 30 km3.829 Earths

Flattening 0.0171 ± 0.0013

Surface area 7.6408 × 109 km²14.98 Earths

Volume 6.254 × 1013 km³57.74 Earths

Mass 1.0243×1026 kg17.147 Earths

Mean density 1.638 g/cm³

P L U T O

M O O N

A Comet

Created and Edited by

Malith Niluka

201441

LONDONTEC CITY CAMPUS

THE END