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General Info Revolution- a small object going around a bigger object Rotation- an object spinning on its axis. 8 planets + 5 dwarf planets in our solar system Inner planets:
Mercury Venus Mars Earth
Outer planets: Jupiter Saturn Uranus neptune
General Info (cont) Differences between inner and outer planets
There are more craters on the inner planets because the outer planets are not solid, therefore impact with smaller objects is impossible
Orbit- a path followed by a planet/satellite as it revolves around a larger object
Inner Outer
Made of rock Made of gas
No rings Rings
Small Big
Inside asteroid belt Outside asteroid belt
General info (cont 2) To be considered a planet, need to meet 3
requirements:Revolve around the sunHave enough mass to turn round because of gravityClears out objects in its path
Dwarf planet- a body that meets the first 2 requirements but not the third one
Dwarf planets:PlutoCeresErisHaumeaMakemake
Mercury
It has no substantial atmosphere because it’s so tiny.
Atmosphere is composed of helium and sodium.
Three processes shaped mercury:Impact crateringVolcanismTectonic activity
Venus
Aka. The evening star because it is the brightest planet that could be viewed from earth.
Atmosphere is composed of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid
Retrograde rotation- it rotates in the opposite direction as the other planets
It rotates really slow, so a day is longer than a year. It spins the wrong way, so on Venus the sun rises in
the west and sets in the east. It’s greenhouse effect makes it the hottest planet in
the solar system.
Earth
Atmosphere:21% oxygen78% nitrogen0.9% argon0.1% other gases
Our atmosphere protects us from meteorites and the sun's harmful waves.
Tilts at a 23.5o angle. The magnetic field is produced by the Earth’s rotation and
it’s metal core. Has a natural satellite called “The Moon”, plus lots of
artificial ones.
Mars
Scientists study little pieces of rock from mars to try and find sign of life.
Atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide. It appears red because of the rusty iron on the
surface. Olympus Mons is the largest volcano in the solar
system. It is on mars. To small moons:
PhobosDeimos
Jupiter
It rotates really fast so the equator bulges while the ends are flatter
AtmosphereHydrogenHeliumSulfurNitrogen
Giant red spot- a huge hurricane that has been there since almost forever ago
Has at least 63 moons (more to be discovered) Io is volcanic, and the hot spots are hotter than any other
body in the solar system.
Saturn
Atmosphere:HydrogenHelium
Rings are caused by the breakup of old moons.
Rings are made of water ice and dust. Saturn is very light, could float on water Seasons on Saturn last 30 times longer
than seasons on earth.
Neptune
Atmosphere:AmmoniaHeliumMethane
On the question sheet it asks how many moons does Uranus have. I assume that it is a typo and it was meant to ask how many moons does Neptune have.
13 known natural satellites Triton might originally be a dwarf planet,
or moon of Uranus, or moon of Pluto, or something else that got sucked into Neptune's gravitational pull
Pluto
Moons:CharonNixHydra
By using a spectroscope, scientists detected methane frost on Pluto and water frost on Charon.
Charon is half the size of pluto
Ceres
One revolution= 4.6 earth years It is among lots of asteroids so it was
considered an asteroid for a period of time.
Water ice, carbonates, and clays can be found on the surface