Solid waste management in airports

GREEN FIEND

GREENFIEND1234 Sample Street, Anytown, St. 12345

Solid Waste Management in Airports: A case study ofBangalore International Airport

“Airports generate enormous volume of solid waste from its operations and is evolving as a major challenge for the airport operators in complying with the environmental norms and in conserving zero waste environments for its users.”

GREEN FIEND


I. Introduction

• Bangalore International Airport Limited (BIAL) is a public limited company formed under Public Private Partnership (PPP) to build, own and operate Bangalore's green-field airport.

• Private promoters hold 74% stake in BIAL while the government holds the remaining 26%.

• BIAL is committed to establish this airport as one of India's leading airport in terms of service quality and efficiency.

Bangalore International Airport: The Latest Greenfield Airport In India

• ASQ (Airport Service Quality) is a qualitative international benchmarking exercise under ACI (Airports Council International) for airport customer satisfaction, with 140 participating airports across 46 countries.

GREEN FIEND


• BIA has been scoring consistently high rankings, especially in two parameters relevant to this paper as indicated below.

ASQ score details (score out of 5.00)

GREEN FIEND


II. Solid Waste Management In Airports

A. What is waste??

The definition of waste by Zero Waste America is considered relevant to the topic of study:-

"A resource that is not safely recycled back Into the environment or the market place”.

B. Sources & Types of Solid Waste in Airports:

1. Municipal Solid Waste: From air crafts, from sweeping runways, roads and Parking bays, from offices, commercial outlets, ground handlers, cargo handlers, caterers and other concessionaires etc.

2. Industrial Waste: From ground handlers, cargo village, hangers, workshops, maintenance units etc.

GREEN FIEND


5. Construction and Demolition Waste: From various expansion and maintenance works in airfield, landside, terminals and other buildings.

6. Waste from electrical and electronic equipment: From maintenance units, IT systems, terminals, offices and commercial buildings.

7. Agricultural Waste: From the turned lands, gardening and horticulture works on the landside and airfield etc.

3. Hazardous Waste: From air crafts, equipment workshops, fuel suppliers, cargo handlers, ground handlers, hangers etc.

4. Hospital Waste: From dispensaries, medical facilities and first aid units.

GREEN FIEND


C. Barriers for effective waste Management in IndianAirports

1. Low public awareness among its users who are from diverse socio economic and cultural segments.

2. Financial and technical constraints.

3. Poorly managed waste handling mechanism by airport operators and its concessionaires.

4. Lack of uniform policies and strategies on solid waste management in airports across the country.

5. Shattered responsibilities amongst airport operators, airlines, concessionaires and other agencies.

GREEN FIEND


6. Lack of centralized monitoring system and punitive regulations.

7. Being a low priority item to the licensing authorities and economic regulators.

8. Lack of planning for waste management while constructing airports.

9. Lack of technically trained manpower.

10. Lack of community involvement in airport operational matters

GREEN FIEND


III. FOD MANAGEMENT IN AIRPORTS

A. What is FOD??• Foreign Object Damage (FOD) to airplanes is any damage

attributed to a Foreign Object Debris (FOD) that can be expressed in physical or economic terms that may or may not degrade the product's required safety and/or performance characteristics.

• It causes damage through direct contact with aircrafts such as by cutting aircraft tires or being ingested into engines, or as a result of being thrown by jet blast and damaging other aircrafts, vehicles, equipment or injuring people.

GREEN FIEND


B. Cause of FOD

FOD damage is caused by bird strikes, stones, aircraft maintenance tool, nut & bolt, cleaning cloths, pieces of luggage and any other metal or non-metal components left on taxiways/runways.

FOD damages to aircraft engines

C. Consequences

It is estimated that FOD costs the aerospace industry some US$13 billion per year towards repair of aircraft engines in addition to significant damage to aircraft and may sometimes cause death or injury to airport workers, crews and passengers

GREEN FIEND


D. FOD Management

.

E. Where to Drop FOD?

• Non-hazardous FOD to be dropped in FOD bins (orange in color) provided at aircraft stands and operational areas.

• Hazardous FOD to be disposed of by the user at hazardous waste disposal center located at the airfield or on landside.

The goal of FOD management is to ensure ground and flight safety and preservation of private and national assets through systematic monitoring and controlling the FOD in airfields.

Non-hazardous and hazardous FOD bins

GREEN FIEND


V. INFRASTRUCTURE AND GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS

1. Mechanized Runway/Road sweepers BIAL has total 5 mechanized sweepers, four of them imported and one Indian machine, to take care the

sweeping operations on airfield and landside.

A. Cleaning and Waste Management Infrastructures

GREEN FIEND


2. Facade Cleaning Equipments

BIAL has many imported facade access equipment and cleaning devices as listed below to ensure proper glass cleaning works.

GREEN FIEND


3. Cleaning Equipments in Buildings

GREEN FIEND


4.Waste Disposal Infrastructure

a. There are three covered mini trucks effecting as the primary waste accumulations points cum mode of transport of waste to main waste handling center.

b. There are two covered hazardous waste centers one each in airfield and landside .

c. Main covered waste center located at landside function as centralized waste segregation center and solid waste disposal unit for the whole airport.

d. Workshop facility to service and repair all cleaning equipment and machineries is available with BIAL.

GREEN FIEND


CLEANING AND WASTE HANDLING PROCESS

Sl. No. Colored cloth/Sponge scrubber

Area of usage Issued to

1. Blue Offices and non toilet areas

Office cleaning staff other non toilet area staff

2. Yellow Toilet areas at Vanity & Washbasin counters.

Toilet cleaning staff

3. Red Toilet cubicles and urinal areas

Toilet cleaning staff

4. Green Glass and frames cleaner

Glass cleaning staff

Cleaning and waste handling in Terminal Building and Landside.1. Color Coded Cleaning System

GREEN FIEND


B. Cleaning and waste handling on airfield

The process followed on airfield is more or less same as the process in landside except more extensive and well coordinated mechanized sweeping

operation on apron stands, runway and taxiways.

The cleaning schedule is worked out in consultation with Aerodrome Operations Control Centre (AOCe), Apron Control and Aviation Safety departments based on the flight movements.

GREEN FIEND


WASTE DISPOSAL PROCESS

Collection & Transportation of Non- Hazardous WasteThree numbers light goods (WD) vehicles are positioned near Passenger Terminal Building, Landside Ancillary Buildings and on airside as Primary Waste Collection Points for acceptance of waste from buildings and surroundings. In regular intervals, once the vehicles are filled up to 75% - 85%, the waste is transferred to Main Collection Hub (Dump Yard).

GREEN FIEND


Collection & Transportation a/Hazardous Waste1. Standard color hazardous waste bins are positioned at designated places

near each building/facility for collection of Hazardous waste. 2. The accumulated hazardous waste is transported by the trained personal

to Hazardous Waste Center at Landside.

3. Further handling is carried out by the designated agency to dispose it off in approved scientific manner.

Waste Weighing Survey

GREEN FIEND


GREEN FIEND


GREEN FIEND


SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PROCESS

• Solid Waste processing partner TERRA FIRMA scientific processing of the solid waste as per the guidelines of MoEF and KSPCB.

• Solid Waste Process flow

GREEN FIEND


PERSISTANT ISSUES BEYOND BIAL CONTROL

Role of Aerodrome Environment Management companyInvolving community

1. Public Awareness ProgramsBIAL conducts regular awareness programs and poster campaign on

bird hazard and garbage discipline in the nearby villages, schools and panchayat meetings, thus educating the school children and villagers to

maintain proper garbage discipline.2. Painting competition

BIAL conducted painting competition on the subject of aviation safety in all village schools to spread the awareness about the threats of improper waste handling and related bird menace to safe aircraft operation

GREEN FIEND


3. 100 years, 100 miles and 100 smiles

Year 2011 being the centenary of Indian civil aviation, BIAL picked up 100 children from the nearby villages and from the deprived society to take them over to the skies. On 25th March 2011, a special aircraft flew the kids up to Mysore and back along with their most favorite film star on board. This has broken the villagers' 'we don't fly, so why to bother about air safety' approach and made them more aware about the threats arising out of improper waste management

GREEN FIEND


CONCLUSION

BIAL could overcome the barriers for improper waste management in Indian airports as a result of its robust commitments to legal compliances and its corporate social responsibilities. BIAL has made capital investments to the tune of INR 150 Mio for this purpose and incurs an operational expenditure of over INR 70 Mio per annum to maintain a clean and waste free airport environment.

It spends INR 4 Mio alone for the scientific disposal of solid waste. The process adopted by BIAL in managing the solid waste has been recognized and appreciated by the regulating authorities and is now emerging as a benchmark for other Indian airports.

Education

Solid waste management in airports