DOP and IOPDOP and IOP

Direct and Indirect Object Direct and Indirect Object PronounsPronouns

DOPDOPThe object that directly receives the The object that directly receives the

action of the verb is called the direct action of the verb is called the direct object.object.

Bill hit the Bill hit the ballball.."Ball" receives the action of the verb "Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit.""hit."

Sherry reads the Sherry reads the bookbook.."Book" receives the action of the verb "Book" receives the action of the verb "reads.“"reads.“

The direct object can also be a person.The direct object can also be a person.Sherry hit Sherry hit BillBill..

(DO=Bill)(DO=Bill)

DOPDOPThe direct object answers the question The direct object answers the question

""what?what?" or "" or "whom?whom?" with regard to " with regard to what the subject of the sentence is what the subject of the sentence is doing.doing.

Bill hit the ball.Bill hit the ball.Bill hit Bill hit what?what?Bill hit the Bill hit the ballball..

Sherry hit Bill.Sherry hit Bill.Sherry hit Sherry hit whom?whom?Sherry hit Sherry hit BillBill..

DOPDOP When the pronoun replaces the When the pronoun replaces the

name of the direct object, use the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns:following pronouns:

meme (me) (me)tete (you-familiar) (you-familiar)lo, lalo, la (him, her, it, you-formal) (him, her, it, you-formal)

nosnos (us) (us)osos (you-all-familiar) (you-all-familiar)los, laslos, las (them, you-all-formal) (them, you-all-formal)

DOPDOPIn an affirmative statement with one In an affirmative statement with one

verb, the direct object pronoun comes verb, the direct object pronoun comes immediately immediately BEFOREBEFORE the conjugated the conjugated verb.verb.

Tengo la pluma. = I have the pen.Tengo la pluma. = I have the pen.LaLa tengo. = I have it. tengo. = I have it.

María tiene la pluma. = Mary has the María tiene la pluma. = Mary has the pen.pen.María María lala tiene. = Mary has it. tiene. = Mary has it.

DOPDOPYou can also You can also attachattach the DOP to the end the DOP to the end

of an infinitive in a sentence. of an infinitive in a sentence. Por ejemplo:Por ejemplo:Marta va a comprar la camisa.Marta va a comprar la camisa.Marta va a comprarMarta va a comprarlala..

Nosotros queremos beber unos Nosotros queremos beber unos refrescos.refrescos.

Nosotros queremos beberNosotros queremos beberlos.los.

DOPDOP

However, if the direct object of the However, if the direct object of the sentence changes to a masculine noun, sentence changes to a masculine noun, the masculine pronoun must be used.the masculine pronoun must be used.

Juan tiene el libro. = John has the book.Juan tiene el libro. = John has the book.Juan Juan lolo tiene. = John has it. tiene. = John has it.

La chica veLa chica ve el edificio.el edificio.

La chica La chica lolo ve. The girl sees it. ve. The girl sees it.

DOPDOP

Likewise, if the direct object of Likewise, if the direct object of the sentence changes from the sentence changes from singular to plural, the plural singular to plural, the plural pronoun must be used. pronoun must be used.

María tiene los libros. = Mary has María tiene los libros. = Mary has the books.the books.María María loslos tiene. = Mary has tiene. = Mary has them.them.

Por Ejemplos:Por Ejemplos:El chico la compra.El chico la compra. (la pluma) (la pluma)

The boy buys it.The boy buys it.Ustedes lo leen.Ustedes lo leen. (el periódico) (el periódico)

You-all read it. You-all read it. Juan come dos sándwiches.Juan come dos sándwiches.

Los come.Los come. or or Juan los come.Juan los come.Tenemos dos mesas.Tenemos dos mesas.

Las tenemos. or Nosotros las Las tenemos. or Nosotros las tenemos.tenemos.

Ejemplos con personas…Ejemplos con personas…

I know you.I know you.Te conozco.Te conozco.

She loves him.She loves him.Ella lo ama.Ella lo ama.

She loves me.She loves me.Ella me ama.Ella me ama.

Juan sees her.Juan sees her.Juan la ve.Juan la ve.

They call us.They call us.Ellos nos Ellos nos llaman.llaman.

We call them.We call them.Los Los llamamos.llamamos.

IOPIOP The indirect object (IO) tells us where the The indirect object (IO) tells us where the

direct object (DO) is going.direct object (DO) is going.He gives the book to María.He gives the book to María.

DO=BookDO=Book Where is the book going?Where is the book going?

To María.To María. IO=MaríaIO=MaríaHe gives María the book.He gives María the book.

DO=BookDO=Book Where is the book going?Where is the book going?

To María.To María. IO=MaríaIO=María

IOPIOP The indirect object (IO) answers the The indirect object (IO) answers the

question “to whom” or “for whom” question “to whom” or “for whom” He gives the book to María.He gives the book to María.

DO=BookDO=Book To Whom is the book going?To Whom is the book going?

To María.To María. IO=MaríaIO=MaríaHe bought the book for María.He bought the book for María.

DO=BookDO=Book For whom is the book?For whom is the book?

For María.For María. IO=MaríaIO=María

IOPIOP

When a pronoun takes the place of When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, the name of the indirect object, use the following pronouns:use the following pronouns:

meme (me) (me)tete (you-familiar) (you-familiar)lele (him, her, you-formal) (him, her, you-formal)

nosnos (us) (us)osos (you-all-familiar) (you-all-familiar)lesles (them, you-all-formal) (them, you-all-formal)

IOPIOP

Just like with DOP, the indirect Just like with DOP, the indirect object pronoun comes immediately object pronoun comes immediately beforebefore the conjugated verb. the conjugated verb.

Juan me compra un regalo.Juan me compra un regalo.John buys me a gift.John buys me a gift.John buys a gift for me.John buys a gift for me.

Juan nos compra un regalo.Juan nos compra un regalo.John buys us a gift.John buys us a gift.John buys a gift for us.John buys a gift for us.

IOPIOP Just like DOPs, you can also Just like DOPs, you can also attachattach the IOP the IOP

to the end of an infinitive in a sentence. to the end of an infinitive in a sentence. Por ejemplo:Por ejemplo:Tú quieres comprar un regalo para tu Tú quieres comprar un regalo para tu

madre. madre. Tú quieres comprarTú quieres comprarlele un regalo. un regalo.

Yo voy a dar las notas a mis amigos.Yo voy a dar las notas a mis amigos.Yo voy a darYo voy a darlesles las notas. las notas.

IOPIOP

Just like DOP, the IOP must agree in Just like DOP, the IOP must agree in number with the noun it is replacing.number with the noun it is replacing.

Juan nos compra un regalo.Juan nos compra un regalo.John buys us a gift.John buys us a gift.John buys a gift for us. John buys a gift for us.

Juan les compra un regalo.Juan les compra un regalo.John buys them a gift.John buys them a gift.John buys a gift for them.John buys a gift for them.

IOPIOP

Unlike with DOP, IOP does not Unlike with DOP, IOP does not have different pronouns for the have different pronouns for the different genders. different genders.

Juan Juan le comprale compra un regalo. un regalo.John buys (for) him/her a gift.John buys (for) him/her a gift.

IOPIOP The IO tells us where the DO is going. The IO tells us where the DO is going. The IO answers the question "to whom" or "for The IO answers the question "to whom" or "for

whom." whom." Sentences that have an IO usually also have a Sentences that have an IO usually also have a

DO DO Sometimes the DO is not stated, but rather is Sometimes the DO is not stated, but rather is

implied, or understood. implied, or understood. The IO pronouns are: me, te, le, nos, os, les. The IO pronouns are: me, te, le, nos, os, les. Place the pronoun before the conjugated verb. Place the pronoun before the conjugated verb. IOP agree in number, but do not have IOP agree in number, but do not have

different gender pronouns.different gender pronouns.