SPECIFICATION

TECHNICAL WRITING STANDARD

What are we going to know about Specification?

• What is Specification?• Kinds of Specification• How Specification may be develop?• Uses of Specification• Guidance • Process capability considerations

Note:please take note

of the bolded words.

What is Specification?

• Specification (often abbreviated as spec) is an explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, product, or service.

• a type of technical standard.• Should a material, product or service fail to

meet one or more of the applicable specifications.

how Specification may be develop?

• A technical specification may be developed by any of various kinds of organizations, both public and private.

. Example organization types include a corporation, a consortium (a small group of corporations), a trade association (an industry-wide group of corporations), a national government (including its military, regulatory agencies, and national laboratories and institutes), a professional association (society), or a purpose-made standards organization such as ISO.

Kinds of Specification

Formal specificationProgram specificationFunctional specificationWeb service specificationDocument specification

Formal specification• is a mathematical description of software or hardware

that may be used to develop an implementation• It describes what the system should do, not

(necessarily) how the system should do it• it is possible to use formal verification techniques to

demonstrate that a candidate system design is correct with respect to the specification

• This has the advantage that incorrect candidate system designs can be revised before a major investment has been made in actually implementing the design

Program specification

• the definition of what a computer program is expected to do• It can be informal, in which case it can be considered as a

user manual from a developer point of view, or formal, in which case it has a definite meaning defined in mathematical or programmatic terms

• In practice, many successful specifications are written to understand and fine-tune applications that were already well-developed, although safety-critical software systems are often carefully specified prior to application development

• Specifications are most important for external interfaces that must remain stable.

Functional specification

• In software development, a functional specification (also, functional spec or specs or functional specifications document (FSD)) is the set of documentation that describes the behavior of a computer program or larger software system

• The documentation typically describes various inputs that can be provided to the software system and how the system responds to those inputs.

Web service specification

• Web services specifications are often under the umbrella of a quality management system

Document specification

• These types of documents define how a specific document should be written, which may include, but is not limited to, the systems of a document naming, version, layout, referencing, structuring, appearance, language, copyright, hierarchy or format, etc

• Very often, this kind of specifications is complemented by a designated template.

• It is common for one organization to refer to (reference, call out, cite) the standards of another.

• . Voluntary standards may become mandatory if adopted by a government or business contract.

Sometimes the term specification is used in connection with a data sheet (or spec sheet).

•describes the technical characteristics of an item or product. •It can be published by a manufacturer to help people choose products or to help use the products•is not a technical specification as described in this article.

Uses of Specification

• In engineering, manufacturing, and business, it is vital for suppliers, purchasers, and users of materials, products, or services to understand and agree upon all requirements.

• It is a type of a standard which is often referenced by a contract or procurement document. It provides the necessary details about the specific requirements.

• Specifications may be written by government agencies, standards organizations (ASTM, ISO, CEN, DoD, etc.), trade associations, corporations, and others.

• A product specification does not necessarily prove a product to be correct. An item might be verified to comply with a specification or stamped with a specification number: This does not, by itself, indicate that the item is fit for any particular use. The people who use the item (engineers, trade unions, etc.) or specify the item (building codes, government, industry, etc.) have the responsibility to consider the choice of available specifications, specify the correct one, enforce compliance, and use the item correctly. Validation of suitability is necessary

Guidance

a standing operating procedure is available to help write and format a good specification

Specification may include the following:•Person, office, or agency responsible for questions on the specification, updates, and deviations.•The significance, scope or importance of the specification and its intended use.•Terminology, definitions and abbreviations to clarify the meanings of the specification[9][10]•Test methods for measuring all specified characteristics

•Descriptive title, number, identifier, etc. of the specification•Date of last effective revision and revision designation•A logo or trademark to indicate the document copyright, ownership and origin[8]•Table of Contents (TOC), if the document is long

• Material requirements: physical, mechanical, electrical, chemical, etc. Targets and tolerances.

• Acceptance testing, including Performance testing requirements. Targets and tolerances.

• Drawings, photographs, or technical illustrations

• Workmanship• Certifications required.• Safety considerations and

requirements• Environmental considerations and

requirements• Quality control requirements,

acceptance sampling, inspections, acceptance criteria

• Provisions for rejection, reinspection, rehearing, corrective measures

• References and citations for which any instructions in the content maybe required to fulfill the traceability and clarity of the document

• Signatures of approval, if necessary• Change record to summarize the

chronological development, revision and completion if the document is to be circulated internally

• Annexes and Appendices that are expand details, add clarification, or offer options

• Person, office, or agency responsible for enforcement of the specification.

• Completion and delivery.

Process capability considerations

• A good engineering specification, by itself, does not necessarily imply that all products sold to that specification actually meet the listed targets and tolerances. Actual production of any material, product, or service involves inherent variation of output. With a normal distribution, the tails of production may extend well beyond plus and minus three standard deviations from the process average.

• The process capability of materials and products needs to be compatible with the specified engineering tolerances. Process controls must be in place and an effective Quality management system, such as Total Quality Management, needs to keep actual production within the desired tolerances.

• Effective enforcement of a specification is necessary for it to be useful.

Example of

Specification

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10- item quiz

1. What is Specification?2.-6. Kinds of Specification7-8. Give at least two things where we uses Specification9. What is a standing operating procedure is available to help write and format a good specification?10. how Specification may be develop?