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SEMINAR ON “STANDARDIZATION OF PLANT DRUGS”

PRESENTED BY:-ANVESH NAG . PHT NO. 11EC1R0039

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:-Mrs. SOMA JANA , M. PHARM (Ph.D) (DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY)

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CONTENTS:-

INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF EVALUATION

1) ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION

2) MICROSCOPICAL EVALUATION

3) CHEMICAL EVALUATION

W.H.O GUIDELINES

APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION

PHYTOCHEMISTRY:

It is a branch of chemistry concerned with the plants and plant products.

It deals with phytochemicals, derived from plants, their composition and process

It is widely used in the field of herbal medicine/ botanical medicine / phyto medicines which refers to the use

of plant seeds, roots, leaves, bark, flowers for medicinal purpose.

According to W.H.O(World Health Organisation) 2001, 60% of the world’s population depend on traditional

medicine and 80% of the population in developing countries depend almost on traditional medicine practices in

particular, herbal medicines for their primary health care needs

It can be considered sub fields of botany/ chemistry. Activities can be led in botanical gardens or in the wild with

the aid of ethnobotany.

The renewed interest in the use of herbal medicine depending on several factors:-

side effects of modern medicine

high cost of synthetic drugs.

The effectiveness of plant remedies.

So the herbal drugs deserves the word “SARVAROGA NIVARINI”. Because they are playing a vital role in curing disease.

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Generally different techniques commonly used in the field of phytochemistry are:-

Extraction

Isolation

Structure elucidation of natural products (Mass spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy) as well as various chromatography (HPLC, LC MS)

STANDARDISATION:

It is the important step for the establishment of a consistent biological activity, a consistent chemical profile, or simply quality assurance program for production and manufacturing of herbal drugs.

W.H.O specific guidelines for the assessment of the safety, efficacy, quality of the herbal medicines as a pre requisite for global harmonization.

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TYPES OF EVALUATION

1) ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION:-

TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Colour Light yellowLight brownDark brown to violetRedOrangeGreen

Ginger, squillFennel, dillClove, ergotCinchona, arjunaRhubarbSenna, digitalis

Odour CharacteristicOdourless

Aromatic crude drugsAbsence of aromatic crude drugs

Taste AromaticAromatic & pungentSweetBitter

Dill, fennelGingerLiquoriceCinchona, nux_ vomica

MucilagenousAstringent

IsapgholMyrobalan

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2) MICROSCOPICAL EVALUATION: For detection of organ or part of the plant present and its identifying microscopic

characteristics.

Clear the powder with clearing reagent. Eg: chloral hydrate, lacto phenol.

Stain the cleared powder with staining reagents. Eg: phloroglucinol, iodine solution .

ORGANS TO BE DETECTED:

1) Bark

2) Wood

3) Rhizomes

4) Leaves

5) Seeds

6) Flowers

7) Fruits

8) Herbs

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3) CHEMICAL EVALUATION:-

Test with water

Test with sulphuric acid

Test with caustic alkali

Test with glacial acetic acid

Test for alkaloids

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W.H.O GUIDELINES

BOTANICAL PARAMETERS: 1) Sensory evaluation 2) Foreign matter 3) Microscopy

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS: 1) Chromatographic finger print 2) Extractive values 3) Moisture content and volatile matter 4) Volatile oil content

PHARMACOLOGICAL PARAMETERS: 1) Bitterness value 2) Haemolytic property 3) Astringent property 4) Swelling index 5) Foaming index

TOXICOLOGICAL PARAMETERS: 1) Arsenic 2) Pesticide residues 3) Heavy metals 4) Microbial contaminations 5) Radio active contaminations

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APPLICATIONS

Mostly applied in various pharmacognostic study of plants such as:-

Identification,

Evaluation ,

Quality control of crude drugs,

Stability assessment,

Safety assessment,

Assessment of efficacy

CONCLUSION

Phytochemical standardization is an essential tool for preliminary analysis of various crude drugs and

it gives valuable information about different parameters as like physicochemical parameters,

botanical parameters and also about various evaluation methods.

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REFERENCES

Text book of Practical Pharmacognosy by Dr. K.R. Khandelwal

Text book of Herbal Drug Technology by S.S. Agarwal, M. Paridhavi

Text book of Pharmacognosy by Trease and Evans

Wikipedia

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