Four States of Matter

SolidLiquidGasPlasma

STATES OF MATTER :

Based on particle arrangementBased on energy of particlesBased on distance between particles

A. The Kinetic Theory (explains how the matter behaves)

1. All matter is composed of small particles (atoms, molecules, or ions).

2.They are in constant, random motion.

3. They constantly collide with each other and with the walls of their container.

SOLIDS•Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating around a fixed position.

•COHESION>ENERGY

Heat

Cold

SOLIDSMicroscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids

Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume because the particles are locked into place

Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles

Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another

They don’t expand because of the same reason

Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but have enough energy to slide over other particles

• COHESION=ENERGY

LIQUID

LIQUID

Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids

Liquids have an indefinite shape and flow easily because the particles have energy and can slide to each other.

Liquids are not easily compressible because there is just a little free space between particles.

Liquids have definite volum because their cohesion is still high and the particles can’t run away.

GAS Particles of

gases have a lot of energy and they move freely.

COHESION<ENERGY

GASMicroscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases

Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles have a lot of energy and they move easily

Gases are easily compressible because there is free space between particles.

Gases flow very easily because the particles move randomly and very fast

But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels…between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?

Will everything just be a gas?

A plasma is an ionized gas.

A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity

Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

Plasma is the common stateof matter

The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue).

PLASMA

Some places where plasmas are found…

1. Flames

2. Lightning

3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state