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Importance of stem cells in human exfoliated teeth.
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SHED: Stem cells in
human exfoliated
deciduous teethHope or Hype!!!!!
DR. UPAMA SISHAN
IMPORTANCE OF STEM CELL RESEARCH
WHAT IS A
STEM
CELL???????
“If the potential of stem cell research is realized, it would mean
an end to the suffering of millions of people. If stem cell research
succeeds, there isn’t a person in the country who wont benefit, or
know somebody who will”- MICHAEL J FOX
COMMON SOURCES OF STEM CELLS
• Bone marrow: invasive & painful procedure for the donor,
requires a greater immunocompatibility.
• Umbilical cord blood: was the only storage option to guard
against future illness or disease.
SHED are immature, unspecialized cells in the human deciduous teeth
that are able to grow into specialized cell types by a process known as
“differentiation”.
Dr. Songtao Shi discovered SHED in
2003.
SHED
(STEM CELLS IN HUMAN EXFOLIATED DECIDUOUS TEETH)
HISTORY
In 2003
Miura & co workers discovered a multipotent
stem cell population in human exfoliated deciduous
teeth.
(2)Wang’s study on the therapeutic efficacy of SHED in
Parkinsons disease in rat model concluded that SHED may
be an optimal source of post natal stem cells for parkinsons
disease treatment.
In 2009
(1) Sayaka & co workers - SHED have highest proliferative
ability than the dental pulp stem cell of permanent teeth &
human bone marrow stem cells.
(2)Takayoshi Yamaza - SHED have same
immunomodulatory properties as that of human bone marrow
stem cells .
In 2012
Vakhrushev & co workers pulp of the deciduous teeth is a promising
source of cell material for scaffold population in tissue bone
engineering.
In 2010
(1) Yudai Nishino - SHED have similar effects of wound healing
properties as human fibroblasts.
SALIENT FEATURES OF SHED
• a multipotent stem-cell population.
• can be isolated and expanded ex vivo.
• have higher proliferation rate
• increased cell-population doublings
• sphere-like cell-cluster formation
• osteoinductive capacity in vivo
Types of stem cells in human exfoliated
deciduous teeth
1. Adipocytes:
2. Chondrocytes and Osteoblasts:
• used to grow bone & cartilage suitable for transplant.
3. Mesenchymal :
• repair spinal cord injury
• to restore feeling & movement in paralyzed human patients.
• neuronal degenerative disorders
ADVANTAGES OF BANKING SHED
• It Provides a guaranteed matching donor (autologous
transplant) for life.
• Saves cells before natural damage occurs.
• Simple and painless for both child and parent.
• Less than one third of the cost of cord blood storage.
• SHED are adult stem cells and are not the subject of the
same ethical concerns as embryonic stem cells.
• SHED are able to regenerate solid tissue types that cord blood
cannot -repairing connective tissues, dental tissues, neuronal
tissue and bone.
• SHED may also be useful for close relatives of the donor such as
grandparents, parents, uncles, and siblings.
Tooth Eligibility Criteria for SHED Banking
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
• Primary incisors & canines with no pathology and at least one third
of root left.
• Early removal of deciduous molars for orthodontic considerations
(e.g. early intervention for space maintenance).
• Tooth exfoliated should have pulp red in colour(indicating cell
viability).
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
• Primary teeth distal to the canine.
• Primary molars.
• The pulp which is grey in colour (compromised blood
supply- necrotic pulp).
• Teeth that become very mobile, either through trauma
or disease (e.g. Class III or IV mobility).
Collection, Isolation and preservation of SHED
1.Tooth collection
Inform parent
Put tooth in sterile saline solution
Give a call to tooth bank
Confirm presence of healthy pulpal tissue
Tranfer tooth to a vial (hypotonic phosphate buffered
saline solution) & sealed. Vial placed into a thermette.
2. Stem cell isolation
3. Stem cell storage:
CRYOPRESERVATION
MAGNETIC FREEZING
SUMMARY
• Recent studies - SHED can develop into more types of body tissue
than other types of stem cells.
• There is much research left to be conducted.
• The immense scope & magnitude of stem cell therapies will only be
fully realized in the future.
• Dental Professionals have realized that the critical time to act is now.
• So its better that the dentist bank their patients dental stem cells while
patients are young and healthy –simple & convenient
-Primary teeth are better source of stem cells.
References:
1. SHED: stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.
Miura M, Gronthos S, Zhao M, Lu B, Fisher L W, Robey PG, Shi S.
2. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)
enhance wound healing and the possibility of novel cell therapy.
Nishino Y , Yamada Y , Ebisawa K, Nakamura S .
3. Immunomodulatory properties of stem cells from human
exfoliated deciduous teeth .Yamaza T, Kentaro A, Chen C, Liu Y,
Shi Y, Gronthos S, Wang S, Shi S.
4. Banking Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth
(SHED): Saving for the Future . Vipin Arora , Pooja Arora& AK
Munshi.
6. Stem Cells from Human-Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Can
Differentiate into Dopaminergic Neuron-Like Cells.
Wang J, Wang X , Sun Z ,Wang Z , Yang H, Shi S & Wang S.
5. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)
enhance wound healing and the possibility of novel cell therapy.
Yudai Nishino , Yoichi Yamada , Katsumi Ebisawa , Sayaka
Nakamura ,Kazuto Okabe , Eri Umemura , Hara k & Ueda M.