Upload
mswestrhss
View
120
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Stem CellsMedical Imaging Technologies and Public Health Strategies to Prevent Disease
By: Kevin Nguyen
What is a Stem Cell?Undifferentiated cell that can
differentiate into a specialized cell
Two main types: Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells
Can be found in the skin, blood, neural tissue, liver, etc.
Adult Stem cell can divide infinitely
Embryonic Stem CellsPart of 4-5 day human embryo in
“blastocyst phase”Usually excess from IVF (in vitro
fertilization) clinic Eggs fertilized outside of womb in
test tubeOnly one placed back into
woman
Embryonic Stem Cells ContinuedFertilization begins as ZygoteZygote rapidly dividesAfter 4-6 days before being placed back
into woman the mass is called a “Blastocyst”
Blastocyst has inner mass and outer massOuter mass becomes Placenta, lining in
the uterus, inner mass is stem cellsThese cells are totipotent: cells with total
potential to become any cell in the body
Stem Cell CulturesOnce extracted, placed into
controlled cultureEnvironment prevents
specializing but still allows for cell division
Easier to produce embryonic stems cells than adult stem cells
Still in progress
Potency Different levels of potential to differentiate into
different cells: Totipotent - able to differentiate into any cell Pluripotent - able to differentiate into almost any
cell Multipotent - able to differentiate into closely
related cells Oligopotent - able to differentiate into a few
cells Unipotent - only able to produce cells of their
own type but have self - renewal property similar to a stem cell
Embryonic Stem cells are considered pluripotent
Organ and Tissue Regeneration
Presently, organs are donated and transplanted
Stem cells could potentially grow a particular organ or tissue in the future
Ongoing research
Using Stem Cells in Treatments
Cardiovascular Disease Treatment Brain Disease TreatmentCell Deficiency TreatmentBlood Disease TreatmentCertain types of cancerAuto - Immune DiseasesOcular Treatment ImmunodeficiencyWounds and InjuriesMetabolic DisordersLiver DiseaseBladder Disease
How Stem Cells Impact Science
Can help with understanding human development
Eventually differentiate because a particular gene is turned on or off
Researchers using stem cells to understand genes and mutations
Stems cells used to better understand cancer and birth defects
Develop new drugsTest on stem cells rather than human test
subjectsCould hold the key to treating severe conditions
such as Alzheimer's Disease
Stem Cell ControversyIt is believed that the stem cell is the
destruction of a human blastocystTaking away life of fertilized eggSeen as similar to abortionDebate as to when life beginsCompared to as murderSpeculation that those who support human
embryonic stem cell research seek human cloning (human cloning research does exist)
Ethical Dilemma in regards to whether human cloning should be done
Alternative Methods of collecting Stem CellsAvoids controversy of taking the
life of embryoPossible to obtain stem cells
from: fatty tissue, bone marrow, or umbilical cord after birth (taken from mother)
No harm done
ChimerasAn organism that has both
animal and human cells or tissueStem cell research often involves
testing human cells on animalsAllows for researcher to gather
data and results without potentially harming human test subjects
Some people think that makes the animals part human
Legal IssuesIllegal in certain countries such
as: Austria, France, Germany, Denmark, etc.
Permitted in certain countries such as: Finland, Greece, Netherlands, etc.
Not illegal in the United States but it is illegal to spend federal funding on stem cell research as of 2001
BibliographyCrosta, P. Medical News Today. 2013, July 19. What are Stem Cells? Retrieved October 17, 2013 from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/stem_cell/
American Life League, Inc. (n.d.). Stem Cell Research. Retrieved October 17, 2013 from http://www.all.org/nav/index/heading/OQ/cat/MTkw/?gclid=COGJurXNqLoCFclDMgodbgUAbw
Prentice, D. 2004. “Adult Stem Cells” Appendix K in Monitoring Stem Cell Research: A Report of the President’s Council on Bioethics. Retrieved October 17, 2013 from http://www.stemcellresearch.org/facts/treatments.htm
Clarke, M. F., & Becker, M. W. (2006). Stem Cells: The Real Culprits in Cancer? Scientific American. Retrieved October 17, 2013 from http://web.ebscohost.com/scirc/detail?sid=135fe603-9894-4493-8936-c36d5441c3fc%40sessionmgr13&vid=1&hid=26&bdata=JnNpdGU9c2NpcmMtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=sch&AN=21114245
Hochedlinger, K. Science Reference Center, EBSCO host. YOUR INNER HEALERS. Scientific American. Retrieved October 17, 2013 from http://web.ebscohost.com/scirc/detail?vid=6&sid=3bafa4f7-b5f0-4b15-b80e-ecd4fc5657e0%40sessionmgr113&hid=119&bdata=JnNpdGU9c2NpcmMtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=sch&AN=50574995