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Political Factors
Stockton is governed primarily by the city government, which is led by the City Council. It consists of the mayor and six councilmembers, all of which have four-year terms. There is a maximum of two terms as mayor or councilmember. Councilmembers are nominated by six districts across Stockton and elected by the city at-large. The city government establishes city policies, ordinances, contracts and agreements; it approves the city’s annual budget and appoints four positions: the city manager, the city attorney, the city auditor and the city clerk.1 Since Stockton is a charter city and thus enjoys wider autonomy, it is not bound by California state law on how to conduct city elections, the form of government, public contracts. Zoning ordinances are also not required to be consistent with the county’s general plan unless the city has adopted a consistency requirement by charter or by ordinance.2
Stockton is the seat of San Joaquin County. It is a general law county, which encompasses six other cities as well as Stockton. The county’s governing body is the Board of Supervisors. It is composed of five supervisors, representing five districts. Stockton is divided into three of these districts: District 1 covers North Stockton, District 2 covers South Stockton, while some western outskirts of Stockton fall under District 3, which also covers the cities of Lathrop and Manteca.3 Supervisors are elected and serve three-year terms.4 The county serves as the local government for areas outside of city limits, whereas within Stockton, its powers are limited. Thus spatial planning, public safety, animal control, parks, public works and other fields fall under city jurisdiction.
Factor Description Situation in Stockton Opportunity Threat
Bankruptcy Effect on governance and policy
Bankruptcy has had an effect on Stockton. Fiscal sustainability is now on the city government’s strategic plan. Bankruptcy judge and debtors are stakeholders in the political process5
The bankruptcy and more scrutiny could result in better management of the city’s finances
More stakeholders in the process can delay procedures and complicate decision making
1 City of Stockton (2014). City Council. Retrieved November 5, 2014, from http://stocktongov.com/government/council/default.html 2 League of California Cities (n.d.). General Law City v. Charter City. Retrieved November 8, 2014, from http://www.cacities.org/Resources-Documents/Resources-Section/Charter-Cities/Chart_General_Law_v-_Charter_Cities-07-26-11 3 San Joaquin County (n.d.). San Joaquin County Supervisoral district map. Retrieved November 8, 2014, from http://www.sjgov.org/uploadedFiles/SJC/Departments/board/AlldistrictNew100dpi.pdf 4 San Joaquin County (2014). Board of Supervisors. Retrieved November 8, 2014, from http://sjgov.org/board/ 5 Bathon, M. et al. (2014, October 30). Stockton’s Pension-Protecting Bankruptcy Plan Approved. Bloomberg. Retrieved November 10, 2014 from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-10-30/stockton-california-wins-court-approval-of-bankruptcy.html
City government
Possible changes in policy through elections
Next elections for mayor and Districts 2, 4 and 6 councilmembers will be held in 20166
The elections could result in continuing and/or increasing revitalization activity
The new city council could face more difficulty in agreeing on necessary measures
Cooperation with private sector
Ability to provide land to business at little or no cost endangered by bankruptcy, privatizing services may not be in the long-term interest of the city.7 The city has designated the Economic Development Plan as one of its priority goals.8
Government shows willingness to cooperate with the private sector, which is positive for Stockton’s redevelopment.
Further limits imposed by changes in state legislation or by bankruptcy procedure could negatively affect the city’s ability to attract business. Furthermore, the city’s financial situation could make retaining public services difficult in the future
County government
Change in city-county relationship
Next elections for county supervisors in 2016
There is a possibility of increased and better cooperation between the city and county
Cooperation could stall
Relationship with state and federal government
Changes in state policy Governor Brown intends to transfer more power to local authorities, especially in education and criminal justice9
More autonomy from state government to better address the specific needs of Stockton
Potentially more costs for city budget
Encroachment on local matters
The city has commented that there seems to be an increasing amount of encroachment by state and federal governments on local matters10
A predefined framework could mean more streamlined decision-making
Loss of autonomy, decreased ability to serve the interests of the people of Stockton
6 City of Stockton (2014). Candidate Index, Office of the City Clerk. Retrieved December 15, 2014, from http://stocktongov.com/government/departments/clerk/canIndex.html 7 Stagnaro, D. (2014). Request for information from Deliverable 1. 8 City of Stockton (2014). City Council Goals. Retrieved November 4, 2014, from http://stocktongov.com/government/council/default.html 9 Mehta, S., Finnegan, M. (2014, October 19). An experienced Jerry Brown vows to build on what he's already done. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.latimes.com/local/politics/la-me-pol-jerry-brown-20141019-story.html 10 Stagnaro, D. (2014). Request for information from Deliverable 1.
Non-governmental organizations
Influence on decision-making
The city has active NGOs, which are working in various fields. One such example is the Reinvent South Stockton Campaign, which is working towards improving education, economic development, housing, healthcare and reducing crime
Better engagement with the community, more relevant and useful solutions to problems faced by various subpopulations of Stockton
NGOs working towards their goals and focusing the city’s attention to certain issues could mean neglecting other issues which may be as important but underrepresented
Economic Factors
Factor Description Figure(s) for Stockton Average figure(s)/ situation Opportunity Threat Comment Source
Income
Median household
income 42114 60190
Decrease unemployment and
increase median income through
introduction of new industries.
Traditionally lower wage industries
needed to decrease unemployment
among population with lower
education. Higher wage industries
needed to increase the median income and quality of life.
/
5 year estimate (2008-2013)
United States Census Bureau - American Community Survey (ACS)
Mean household
income 58566 85707 5 year estimate (2008-2013)
United States Census Bureau - American Community Survey (ACS)
Average household net
worth 450620 685979
United States Census Bureau - American Community Survey (ACS)
Median income
Median income in the bracket of up to 25 years of
age is quite similar for Stockton and California, with a difference of only $1,800 or 5.5%. The gap
increases in the 25-44 year old bracket where California
is ahead by more than $9,500 or 21%. The
difference in the 45-64 year old bracket is higher again, at over $15,000 or 26%. In
the over-65 year old bracket the difference is over $12.000 or 28%. The
statistics show the income gap is larger between the
older workforce than between the younger
workforce. Part of this disparity can be explained
by difference in unemployment rate.
Significant explanatory
Point 2 Homes demographic database
32438
44164
57794
4388034240
53740
73055
56160
1802
957615261
12280
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
under 25 25-44 45-64 over 65
Stockton
California
Difference
power is attributed to the industry breakdowns of Stockton and California. Specifically, the relative number of the population employed in traditionally
better paid industries such as finance and management.
Living income for a 2 adults + 1
child household
37718 43269
The average household in Stockton has 3.09 members while the average household
in California has 2.9 members. The living wage
yearly income for a household of 2 adults and 1 child is thus an acceptable
(but far from perfect) proxy for total household
expenditures.
MIT living wage calculator
Percent increase in
income since 2000
30% 30%
While the increase in nominal income in Stockton and in the State of California
as a whole from the beginning of the millennium
until 2013 is comparable, income growth in Stockton has tapered off relative to California for the period
2010-2013.
Point 2 Homes demographic database
Percent increase in
income since 2010
5% 7% Point 2 Homes demographic database
Industry
Industry breakdown
per population employed
Potential increase in the
manufacturing sector.
High relative part of services in
industry breakdown, demand for
which tends to be more volatile
dependent on the state of the economy.
Civilian employed population 16 and over. A large part of the population
in Stockton, 24.6%, is employed in the Educational services, and health care and social assistance sector. This
exceeds the California average of 21%. Not
surprisingly, the percentage of the population involved in Agriculture is significantly
higher in Stockton, 4%, than in California on average,
2.3%, due to highly fertile land near Stockton. On the
other hand, the manufacturing sector in
Stockton, 8.7%, is below the California average of 10%.
United States Census Bureau - American Community Survey (ACS)
3,94%5,34%
8,74%4,17%
12,49%
6,30%1,57%5,49%
8,15%
24,60%
8,32%
4,91%5,98%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing, and utilities
Information
Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and wastemanagement servicesEducational services, and health care and social assistance
Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services
Other services, except public administration
Public administration
2,33% 5,99%
9,98%
3,16%
11,12%
4,65%
2,83%
6,42%
12,62%
21,02%
9,79%
5,37%4,71%
Jobs and employm
ent
Class of worker
Incentives for entrepreneurs.
Sparse funding. Potential economic
downturn can wipe out
establishing businesses - high
risk involved. Non-conducive
business environment.
Higher relative number of Government workers and lower relative number of
self-employed entrepreneurs in Stockton.
Point 2 Homes demographic database
Unemployment rate 10.6% 7.3%
Work migratio
n
Breakdown of work
commute
105,605 people commute daily to their place of employment. The
vast majority, 75%, use their vehicle and drive alone. 16% carpool and only 1.64% use
public transport, which is less than the number of people who
walk to work, 2%.
Rethinking public transport to make it a more acceptable
alternative to driving. Provide
incentives for carpooling.
Urban sprawl.
According to locals, public transport is deemed unsafe
in Stockton and is thus avoided. Using public
transport also signifies a certain stigma; other means of transport imply a degree
of wealth.
United States Census Bureau - American Community Survey (ACS)
Consumer
spending Sales tax rate 9.00% 7.50%
Higher sales tax will bring in more
tax revenue. Further data needed to
confirm elasticities.
An increase of the sales tax
beyond a certain rate will result in
Local government can introduce an increase in
sales tax in area of jurisdiction. Breakdown:
California State: 7.5%, San
California State Board of Equalization
77,00%
16,80%
6,10% 0,10%
Private wage andsalary workers
Governmentworkers
Self-employed inown notincorporatedbusiness workers
Unpaid familyworkers
77,00%
14,40%
8,40%
0,20%
74,78%
16,32%
1,41%
1,64%
2,01%
3,84%
Car, truck, or van -- drovealoneCar, truck, or van -- carpooled
Public transportation(excluding taxicab)Walked
Other means
Worked at home
lower net tax revenue.
Joaquin County: 0.5%, Stockton: 1%.
Average household consumer spending:
Stockton as per cent of California
Consumer spending in Stockton is lower than the California average due to
lower income. However, as is evident from the graph,
demand for certain goods is more inelastic than others;
namely demand for tobacco products appears to be
highly inelastic as it is 92% that of the California
average while the median household income 5 year
estimate is 70% of the California average. Other highly inelastic products
include utilities, health care, food and clothing. It should be noted that demand for all
products accounted for in the graph is technically
inelastic as consumption is over 70% of California
average.
Point 2 Homes demographic database
75,00%77,00%79,00%81,00%83,00%85,00%87,00%89,00%91,00%93,00%95,00%
Note: all economic data for 2013 unless otherwise noted.
Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy filings index, base = 2004
Waiting on data from city.
Stabilizing economic
environment conducive for
business.
The chart represents the number of bankruptcy
filings in Eastern California (State values were not found to be available at the time of
preparation of this document) from 2004 until
2013 in the form of an index with the base year of 2004. A clear rising trend can be
seen from year 2006 onwards, peaking in 2010 of almost 900% the base value
as the aftermath of the recession. After 2010, we
see a decline in bankruptcies reported as conditions begin
to stabilize.
US Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of California
0%100%200%300%400%500%600%700%800%900%
1000%
Social / Cultural Factors
Factor Description Situation in Stockton Opportunity Threat Comment
Demographics
Population / Gender
/
/ Equal presence of the population of both
genders.
Race
Cultural and experience sharing
Possible tension and bigotry
Diversity of races and cultures; The biggest %
of population is Hispanic or Latino people. The smallest % are Native
Hawaiian.
Live Births
Improve the quality of care
provided to mothers and
newborns
Aging of the population
The lower rates are most likely associated with fewer women having babies because of the
poor economy
Age
People Quick Facts Stockton California
Persons under 5 years, percent, 2010
8,4% 6,8%
Persons under 18 years, percent, 2010
29.9% 25.0%
Persons 65 years and over, percent, 2010
10.0% 11.4%
Female persons, percent, 2010 51.0% 50.3%
Possibility for creating educated
and skilled workforce for
future; Work with youth, prepare
different types of interesting
programs for them and give them
many opportunities.
Insufficient attention paid to the education of youth due to the
economic situation;
problems for future as well.
Younger population than California average.
Language Language spoken as first language
Stockton U.S.
Opportunity for introducing languages in schools and
creating multilingual
society
In case minorities are not willing to learn or speak English, space for tensions is
open
Significant presence of native Spanish speakers
Education Education level Population older than 25 169653
Less than high school 44665
High school graduates 39333
Some college or associate's degree 55887
Bachelor's degree of higher 29768
Employ people in adequate positions (variety of profiles
and level of education
available on the labor market)
Unemployment Expenditures on education are
significantly lower than the country ones;
Stockton has bigger % of people with Grade
School education, but smaller % of them with
College, Master, Professional and
Doctorate Degree than US average. Education expenses
Opportunity for strong
improvement and development of paths for formal
and informal education.
Due to the economic
situation, low expenditures on education may lead to a lot of
people low-skilled labor in
the future.
Religion
Building stronger experience and
knowledge sharing across
generations, races and religions.
Bigotry (though unlikely)
Variety of religions; on average, more religious
that US citizens (in some extent result of crisis)
Economic
status
Source of income
Promotion of self-employment and
investment opportunities in
the city development.
Dependency and lack of initiative to contribute to
the changes.
Almost 30% of the people receive some sort
of social help.
Household No of people per household
People QuickFacts Stockton California
Households, 2008-2012 90,469 12,466,331
Persons per household, 2008-2012
3.17 2.93
Create a safer place to live for
families with children
Faced with bad conditions in community, people may decide to
postpone having children or give
up the idea
Number of person per household is bigger than
in CA (families with kids).
Occupations
Prequalification of underqualified
workers
Lack of incentive for
higher education (as many of the
people are forced to work on places for
which they are overqualified
due to the crisis and high rate of unemployment)
Most of the males work on low-skilled jobs
(agricultural, production workers, truck drivers,
etc.) and females on work higher-skilled jobs
(administrative assistants, managers,
etc.). More males work in agricultural,
production, building in Stockton than in the CA,
that is good for future development of the city and production growth
rate.
Business facts Number of firms Business QuickFacts Stockton California
Total number of firms, 2007 16,488 3,425,510
Black-owned firms, percent, 2007 9.6% 4.0%
American Indian- and Alaska Native-owned firms, percent, 2007
S 1.3%
Huge potential and
entrepreneurial spirit in women;
incentivize it
Overburden SMEs with taxes and
bureaucracy (in order to
overcome shortage in
budget)
Total number of firms in 2007 is about 16.500
firms. Over third of firm owners are female and that's higher % than in
CA.
Asian-owned firms, percent, 2007 S 14.9%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander-owned firms, percent,
2007
S 0.3%
Hispanic-owned firms, percent, 2007
19.8% 16.5%
Women-owned firms, percent, 2007
34.6% 30.3%
Sales Business QuickFacts Stockton California
Manufacturers shipments, 2007 ($1000)
2,506,558 491,372,092
Merchant wholesaler sales, 2007 ($1000)
3,701,777 598,456,486
Retail sales, 2007 ($1000) 3,340,068 455,032,270
Retail sales per capita, 2007 $11,739 $12,561
Accommodation and food services sales, 2007 ($1000)
343,526 80,852,787
Increase purchasing power
Producing is important as well; being consumer
society is a threat for the development and progress
City sales is only small part of whole CA sales (less than 1%). That is
the reason retail sales per capita is smaller than CA
average.
Family Families with kids
Community activities (not
necessarily financial in
nature) to support those families and create a feeling of
belonging and inclusion
Potential bigger need for social
assistance.
Over 33% of families in Stockton are one-parent families. The average
household size was 3.04 and the average family
size was 3.59.
Marital status
Establishing place for gathering; high
rates of single people might
indicate the need for organizing the activities within community that would enable them to make
stronger relationships with
each other.
Big % of alone people could
cause negative population
growth in the future.
Over 40% of males and over 30% of females are alone, that can at certain point be a big problem.
And % of married is about 50% for both
genders.
Marital status – alone people
People QuickFacts Stockton California
White alone, percent, 2010 (a) 37.0% 57.6%
Black or African American alone, percent, 2010 (a)
12.2% 6.2%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone, percent, 2010 (a)
1.1% 1.0%
Asian alone, percent, 2010 (a) 21.5% 13.0%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, percent,
2010 (a)
0.6% 0.4%
% of alone population is bigger in Stockton than
in CA, except % of White alone (with
Hispanic or Latino) and White alone (not
Hispanic or Latino).
Two or More Races, percent, 2010
6.9% 4.9%
Hispanic or Latino, percent, 2010 (b)
40.3% 37.6%
White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent, 2010
22.9% 40.1%
Geography Geography QuickFacts Stockton California
Land area in square miles, 2010 61.67 155,779.22
Persons per square mile, 2010 4,730.1 239.1
/ Inability to provide all the citizens with proper life
conditions and infrastructure
(due to the density of the population in
the area)
Stockton has 20 times larger number of persons per square mile than CA.
Crime Crime index
Big changes possible (as situation is
unfortunately unfavorable for
the city). Work on appropriate law
application, opportunity for organizing the
people from the community to
contribute to this cause.
It is also an opportunity for
Neglecting or not paying
enough attention to this problem
may cause worsening of the situation leading
to South Stockton
resulting in this part being
abandoned or even scoring
higher rates of crime of any
kind.
Stockton is among the most dangerous cities in the country. In a certain percent consequence of
the crisis and city bankruptcy.
Violent crime comparison
Stockton has over 2.5 times bigger annual
crimes per 1.000 residents than CA
average and 3 times bigger indicator than US
average.
Property crime rate comparison
government to show the initiative and create better
policies and conditions for economy and
safeness, police.
The property crime rate in Stockton is for 25
bigger than CA average and the US average,
reason for this is worse economic situation in
Stockton.
Crime per square mile comparison
City has larger number of persons per square mile
and bigger crime rate, all this is reason for over 3 times bigger number of crime per square mile
than CA average.
Transportation Mean of transportation to
work
Average age Average income
Huge space for promoting car
sharing and public transportation
Unwillingness of people to change their commuting
habits
Culture of driving to work established
(commuting)
Possession of cars (per household)
Pollution; traffic Over 90% of households have at least one vehicle.
Health* Children The City of Stockton has high levels of both chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Youth between the ages of 15 to 19 have the highest rates. Nearly 60% of all teen births in the City of Stockton are to Hispanic
teens. Approximately 1/3 of Hispanic, Black, and White teens were
overweight or obese before becoming pregnant. Over 82% of obese pregnant teens gain more weight than they should
during pregnancy. Over 42% of deaths in children ages 0 to 19 are due to conditions
present at birth. Over 13% of deaths in children are due to homicide.11
Develop system enhancers ( develop info
centers, work on prevention rather
than coming to the situation in which
the problem already exists)
Difficulty to reach the critical
categories
Many things have already been done. Organizations are
established (women center, kids center, youth
services, diseases foundations etc.),
services are provided (mentoring, shelters, counseling), projects implemented (gyms, literacy, chronical
diseases education...)
Adults
11 CHILDREN’S HEALTH INDICATORS IN STOCKTON: BUILDING A SHARED UNDERSTANDING, DIRECTION, AND HOPE (n.d.) Retrieved November 25th, from http://www.kidsdata.org/topic/41/families-with-children-type250/table#fmt=470&loc=2,127,331,171,345,357,324,369,362,360,364,356,217,328,354,320, 339,334,365,343,367,344,366,368,265,349,361,4,273,59,370,326,341,338,350,342,359,363,340,335,1269&tf=67&ch=1074,1075,1067,1078,1077,1072&sortColumnId=0&sortType=asc
Tuberculosis
/ Inability to provide an adequate
treatment to all people that need
it
On aver-age from 2005-2009, 5.3% of TB cases in SJC were co-infected with AIDS. Managing these cases requires a
multi-pronged approach. Individuals co-infected
with TB and AIDS require complex
treatment regimens, as well as numerous
medical, social and other ser-vices. TB cases in
SJC also have high rates of substance abuse.12
Infant mortality
Improving the life conditions of the critical groups
Deepening the differences (in
both life conditions as well as the
accessibility to the medical
help) among the ethnicities living
in the city
High rates in African American population;
over three times the rate for White and Asian
infants and more than 2.5 times the rate for
Hispanic infants.13
12 San Joaquin County; COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS REPORT 2011 (2011). San Joaquin County Public Health Services. Retrieved from http://www.sjcphs.org/disease/documents/FINAL%20Updated%20Health%20Status%204-1-11.pdf 13 San Joaquin County; COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS REPORT 2011 (2011). San Joaquin County Public Health Services. Retrieved from http://www.sjcphs.org/disease/documents/FINAL%20Updated%20Health%20Status%204-1-11.pdf
HIV/AIDS
Inclusion of those people in the community; education of others to help rather judge in
order for them all to feel as part of
Stockton and have a will to make it a better place to live
in
If not handled properly (with education and
access to treatments and
protection), there is a danger
that the HIV prevalence can be expanded.
The AIDS rates in SJC from 1990-2009
followed the same trend as the state’s rates (but
with lower rates). In SJC, Whites, Hispanics, and
Asians all show a greater proportion of AIDS cases
than HIV cases, which indicates a greater number of older
infections versus more recently acquired
infections. Greater number of new infections with HIV are occurring in the African American
population.14
Leading death causes
Improve the protection and education on
avoiding unintentional
injuries (that are much greater
among men than women)
Hereditary illnesses; hard to eradicate them
Chronic diseases account for 70% of all deaths in the U.S., with heart disease, cancer, and stroke together accounting for more than 50% of all deaths each year. While African Americans had the highest proportion of deaths due to diabetes than any other racial/ethnic groups, they had the lowest
14 San Joaquin County; COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS REPORT 2011 (2011). San Joaquin County Public Health Services. Retrieved from http://www.sjcphs.org/disease/documents/FINAL%20Updated%20Health%20Status%204-1-11.pdf
Leading death causes by ethnicity
Differences in sensitivity to some external factors as well
as in accessibility to
treatments
percentage of cancer deaths. This is in contrast to the high incidence of cancer in African Americans. Hispanics had the highest percentage of deaths due to accidents (unintentional injuries) but the lowest due to heart disease.15
Obesity Highest rate of obese people in the US in 2009 Situation improved in the following years
Application of projects financed by the country or state to tackle the
issue
This problem may cause other
health issues
Sugar Sweetened Beverage Campaign
initiated-to strengthen the foundation for policy
changes aimed at reducing the
consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage in San Joaquin County.16
15 San Joaquin County; COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS REPORT 2011 (2011). San Joaquin County Public Health Services. Retrieved from http://www.sjcphs.org/disease/documents/FINAL%20Updated%20Health%20Status%204-1-11.pdf 16 San Joaquin County; COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS REPORT 2011 (2011). San Joaquin County Public Health Services. Retrieved from http://www.sjcphs.org/disease/documents/FINAL%20Updated%20Health%20Status%204-1-11.pdf
Technological Factors
Factor Description Figure(s) for
Stockton Average
figure(s)/situation Opportunity Thread Comment
Energy usage
Carbon emissions from
transportation and residential energy use [kg
per capita]
2 016 2 235 (100 largest metropolitan areas in US)
Stockton can become one of the
leading cities in the region,
promoting smart city philosophy. With low carbon
emissions, there is not much needed to do to receive
this status.
The number may increase if heavy industry or other
pollutants are being brought to
the city.
Areas with small per capita footprints tend to have higher
density, concentration of development, and rail transportation.
New York, Los Angeles, and San Francisco have the smallest
transportation and residential footprints.
Annual wasted fuel per person
5 000 10 000 (US average) (additional information
needed, status: obtaining)
(additional information
needed, status: obtaining)
Wasted' fuel is the difference between the fuel consumed under
estimated existing conditions and the fuel consumed under free-flow
conditions.
HERO Program - - Opportunity for all stakeholders in
the city: homeowners may
reduce their electricity bill,
municipality can benefit by
revitalizing the community, and contractors can
create jobs.
City might not be able to take full
advantage of this program due to
other limitations.
HERO Program provides Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE)
funding for homeowners to finance the purchase and installation of
renewable energy, energy and water efficiency improvements, and
electric-vehicle-charging infrastructure improvements to their
property with no up-front costs .Look at the link for more info. Will
come in to affect in Fall 2014.
Access to Internet
Public Libraries-Electronic services
285 503 (cities in CA with > 400k population)
As seen from data below, nearly 1/3
of Stockton's citizens do not have access to internet. Public
libraries can help to reduce this
percentage. They can also be used
as safe point or to report a crime to
the police.
Public libraries are mainly located in
the downtown Stockton, where is
relatively good internet coverage. Due to high crime
rate zones, no library is interested in moving to area
of District 6.
May not be useful indicator due to the presence of large number of big cities (San Francisco, San Jose, Los
Angeles, San Diego, San Bernardino)
Internet Speeds
As seen from the chart on the right,
Stockton is significantly
behind in maximum
download speed via landline as
well as via wireless
technology.
Implementing new technologies,
which can increase internet speeds can
be expensive, might compromise
city budget.
City is featuring decent average download speeds, which are above
the national average. National maximum speeds (especially using
wireless technology) are significantly higher than Stockton's. Investing in high-speed wireless can be costly, mainly since there is no
existing free public wireless infrastructure.
Internet Connectivity
Opportunity to increase the
percentage of population
connected to internet. Some
examples can be found in this data
sheet.
Installing internet connectivity for
greater amount of people can be
expensive, infrastructure
barriers, possibility of abuse
An estimated 198,361 Stockton residents are connected to the
Internet in some capacity - either at home, work, elsewhere or at multiple
locations. An estimated 93,346 Stockton residents are not connected to the Internet. These residents are not connected at home, work, or
elsewhere. It is estimated that 223,448 Stockton residents live in a
household where Internet is available.
Implementation of mobile cellular
network
LTE network coverage (Sprint,
Verizon, AT&T since 2012)
Excellent LTE coverage in the area of California state (lots of
tech companies)
Excellent connectivity
conditions are paving the road to
smart city concept.
Implementation of the latest
technologies, like LTE, can be
capital intensive; it might result in
more costly mobile subscription plans.
City offers great LTE coverage by all American leading
telecommunications providers.
Access to free Wi-Fi in the
city/on the buses
No Wi-Fi connectivity on the buses
Some bus stops in San Francisco are offering solar-powered Wi-Fi.
Free public Wi-Fi on buses and
other public areas helps to introduce
other solutions associated with
internet connectivity.
Abuse of the system; vulnerable
to hackers who want to access
private (and credit card) information
via public networks.
Commercial/retail areas have surveillance cameras. The quality of those cameras varies. The city, and
even county, are completely broke, I do not think any council members
would any support large-scale surveillance. At the same time, since
high-crime zones may be low-income zones. Businesses might not have enough money to buy them. -
H.L.
Innovation potential
Number of patent applications in
given years
203 (2008-2014) 2 171 012 (US patents, 2008-2012)
Relatively in the near of Silicon
valley, Stockton has potential to
become an innovation center.
City does not feature enough R&D centers, thread to be completely
swallowed by Silicon valley.
Top patent applicants: Ryan Guest (9), Edward A. Wolf (9), Joe Bradley
Lasiter (9), Jean-Pierre Dueri (8), Roger Curtis (6), etc.
Investing in renewable
sources of energy
Due to bankruptcy and according to city
expenditures plan for FY 2014-15 no investments in
renewables are being planned
California's RPS Plan: 20% of electricity from renewables by
2017. State is investing heavily.
Greater energy independence,
lowering the price of energy,
employing people in energy sector - less unemployed.
Expensive production costs
may damage city's budget - need for state subsidies or financing from other sources
(HERO program, etc.)
California produces only 71% of needed energy by itself.
R&D, percentage of city budget reserved for research and development
activity
3% of city budget ($12.8 M)
7,8% of CA GDP ($77 billion in 2007)
To take advantage of nearness of
Silicon valley and attract some
capital.
Probably insignificant, since
Stockton has no real potential to
become tech center, because to
brain drain to Silicon valley.
Companies in California alone accounted for 24% of the nation's
business R&D.
Tech Incubators (number)
At least one (obtaining more info)
California has probably the highest density of tech incubators
in the world.
Excellent connectivity,
entrepreneurial spirit, low
property value, can attract more tech incubators
Tech incubator located in downtown Stockton.
Peripheries (like D6) not included
in tech development
programs.
May not be most useful indicator, biased because of Silicon valley.
More info about the tech incubator available on the link.
Irrigation infrastructur
e
Capacity of existing irrigation
infrastructure, scalability
possibilities
No special problems with water, reservoirs,
waterway systems available, outlying
areas farmland
Central Valley Project (San Joaquin River has great
importance)
Urban farming, relatively cheap
healthy food, better-connected
community, employing local
workforce.
Costly installation of irrigation
infrastructure if not already set up.
Questionable soil quality. Great possibility of
droughts.
Outlying areas of Stockton and San Joaquin gets most of its water from the Delta a huge waterway system
that travels in SF bay. South California wants to build a massive tunnel system to feed water to its
farming areas.
Digital citizen/Smar
t city
Open-data initiatives, apps to improve cities
Stockton Police app (iOS/Android)
- Reduce crime rate, due to the
reporting feature of the app.
Abuse of the system. Local
police can be led into ambush with gangsters. Use of
surveillance cameras is
recommended.
Reporting crime, taking pictures, recording videos, submitting tips
about criminal activities. App intelligently uses your current
location.
Clean Up Stockton app (iOS/Android)
- Excellent way to make city more tidy and clean. Neighborhoods
are more attractive for tourism and
potential homebuyers.
Application is more focused on
downtown Stockton, which keeps other areas like District 6 in untidy condition.
"Perception is reality". Employs local clean-up groups, connects
community, people have active role in keeping their city clean by
reporting graffiti. More than 1,200 people downloaded app by Oct 2013.
Stockton Travel Guide app (Windows)
- A lot of room for improvements, to make app more attractive, add new features,
interactive view using camera, add
other platforms (iOS/Android)
App as-it-is is no help to promote
city as interesting and worth seeing.
Stockton travel app is a right step, but it would have to be done with
intention to deliberately promote the city and places worth seeing.
Check Online app (mobile/tablet)
- Extend volume of services you can
pay for. Completely digitalized payments,
reduced use of cash and chance for being robbed
Potential hacker attacks, similar to
what eBay experienced.
Check Online is app used for online payments for utility bills. Accepts wide variety of payment methods, including all major credit cards.
Surveillance cameras
Commercial/retail areas do have
cameras, questionable quality
Many cities feature 24/7 surveillance, police uses real-time
data to monitor and prevent crime.
Reduce crime rate at certain areas,
better traffic control, and traffic info.
Privacy strongly compromised.
Questionable support of city council members as the city is completely broke. Businesses in low-income
zones might not have enough money to afford surveillance.
(Touch)screens with real-time information
No touch-screens Interactive information kiosks are becoming more and more popular
in bigger cities
Quick information flow, easy to read the news, check
weather, find your way to wanted
destination (if you are a tourist).
Expensive to set up, not vandalism
resistant.
For more info, look at Urbanflow in Helsinki, Finland.
http://helsinki.urbanflow.io/
Smart parking
Parking apps Lots of parking apps available for most mobile platforms
Lots of parking apps available for most mobile platforms
Reduced traffic in the city, emissions
and fuel consumption.
Better navigation to desired location.
Parking spaces should be equipped
with technology, which locates free spaces. If it is not
already installed, it can represent
additional cost.
Parking apps save commuters time, gas, emissions and money and are
easing flow of traffic.
Parking payment system
No parking payment systems
(no known smart parking systems in the area, still obtaining
information)
Less infrastructure, park-o-meters
cannot be robbed because they are
Electronic payment systems are vulnerable to hacker attacks,
which could come
Think of EZ-pass for parking or an app, which will show you free
parking spaces and you will be able to pay for parking using the app.
nonexistent, you don't have to deal with cash due to
electronic payments.
to your personal credit card
information.
Charging stations for electric vehicles
6 charging stations (north Stockton, near
Lodi)
Sacramento 69, San Francisco 105, San Jose 169
Make city friendly to electric cars,
promote as green. It may actually help to reduce
emissions.
Expensive to set up, would
probably need external financing,
public private partnerships (Tesla
motors), state subsidies.
Excessive cars causes more pollution, public transport has bad stigma, people do not want to give up their car(s), electric cars have to
be promoted.
Environmental Factors
Factor Description Figure for Stockton Average national figure/situation Opportunity Threat Comment
Geography Location West coast of USA, California, between Sacramento and San
Joaquin Valley
- Relatively close to technological center
of USA
Overshadowed by more developed
surroundings
-
Elevation 8 m / 26 ft CA mean elevation: 880m / 2 900 ft,
highest point: Mt. Whitney 4 418 m /
14 494 ft, lowest point: Death Valley: -
86 m / -282 ft
Terrain that is easy to build on
Threat for some extreme weather
conditions, due to the Stockton position
in valley
-
Traffic connections
Port of Stockton, Stockton Metropolitan Airport, Interstate 5,
Route 99
The most important ports in CA: Port of
Los Angeles, P.o. Long Beach, P.o.
Oakland, P.o. Sacramento; Air
travel: LA International Airport, SF I.A., San Diego,
Oakland, Sacramento, San Jose (all among 50 busiest airports in the world), roads: I-5, I-8, I-10, I-15, I-
40, I-80
One of two major inland deep-water ports located in the
Central Valley.
Airport can be further exploit, more for cargo transport.
Stockton Airport is primarily commercial service airport. The
most popular destinations are Las
Vegas (65k passengers), Honolulu (4k), Phoenix
(2k).
Climate Temperature AA: 16,5°C / 61,8°F AA California 16,2°C / 61,2°F ; AA USA
12,5°C / 54,5°F
Attractiveness for tourism, ideal for
agriculture
Unstable energy demand: higher
demand in summer months, due to the
cooling devices and lower demand in
winter.
The hottest month in Stockton is July with
average monthly temperature of 34,1°C / 93,4°F, and the coldest is December with AM temperature of 2,9°C /
37,2°F.
Sunny days # of sunny days: 184, # of partly sunny days: 77
San Diego: # of sunny days: 146, # of
partly sunny days: 117 ; Los Angeles Downtown: # of
sunny days: 186, # of partly sunny days:
106
Opportunity for agriculture (citrus
fruits) and generating electricity (solar
panels)
Large number of sunny days without
precipitation can dry out the soil and make certain skin diseases.
Number of sunny days includes the days when cloud covers up to 30%
of the sky during daylight hours. Partly sunny days have cloud covering from 40% to 70% of the sky during
the daytime.
Precipitation AA: 35 cm / 14 in North of Stockton is Sacramento valley which receives as
much as 51 cm (20 in) rain per year, whereas south of
Stockton San Joaquin valley and is more
desert-like.
Suitable for growing arid plants
Droughts, lack of drinking water
Most of rainfall (90%) occurs from November
to April, which is considered the rainy
season.
Snow Usually no snow during the winter
Just 11 occasions of snow in the last 158
years in San Francisco
No need for snow remove equipment
- -
Wind 50% of wind comes from W & NW
Usually winds are blowing from sea
(change in pressure). When blowing from
East, winds are usually dry and cold.
Potential for generating electricity.
Due to the geographic location of Stockton in the
Central valley, there is possibility of
storms with strong winds (up to 60
mph), which may damage the wind
turbines.
Wind from with constant speed, which is
typically between 15 and 20 knots.
Natural hazards
Floods High risk - Delta Project and levees can mitigate
effects of floods
Damage to public and civil
infrastructure
-
Droughts High risk - - Damage to agriculture
-
Earthquakes Medium risk - Low residential building are less
affected by earthquakes
Earthquakes may damage residential
buildings and infrastructure (water pipeline, electricity
grid, etc.)
-
Fire hazard Low risk - Within the city plan areas that stop fire from spreading so
quickly.
Urban sprawl causes fire to spread more
quickly
-
Freeze Medium risk - - Citrus fruits cannot tolerate hard freeze and may be severely
damaged.
The San Joaquin Valley is the largest citrus
producing region in the United States, and the
production of these
fruits was adversely affected by this weather
system.
Storm events Low risk - Relatively predictable weather
Storms may affect the agriculture
Usually one storm event per year
Biodiversity Chinook salmon, variety of migratory birds is nesting in the area
San Joaquin River Restoration Program (revive the River’s
historic salmon fishery), 54,000
juvenile released in S.J. river in April
2014
Ideal tracks for biking and promoting
tourism.
Delta Project can damage unique
ecosystems.
-
Water management
San Joaquin River Restoration Program
Delta Project Waterway System
Improving water management, good system for sewers
Strong earthquake could pose serious
threat to Delta Waterway Supply
Project
-
Waste management
Private collector companies (Allied Waste and Waste
Management), Foothill Landfill for San Joaquin County, average daily volume of waste 620t
Foothill Landfill for San Joaquin County
in operation until 2055
System that rewards households which
recycle
Polluting the underground water
-
Air quality Stockton climate action plan, significant
improvements in ozone levels
Surroundings of bigger cities
experience moderate air quality, otherwise
Lower expenditure for health due to less
polluted environment
With industrialization of
the city there is growing possibility
The CAP assumes 83% of the reductions needed
to achieve the City’s GHG reduction goal
will be achieved
California has high AQI
of bringing more pollutants to the area
through state programs, with the remainder
(17%) accomplished through City ‐lev
programs. Building energy, transportation,
and waste were identified as areas with
great potential for emissions savings.
Soil quality Surroundings of Stockton has highly
fertile soil, within the city
Highly fertile soil in Sacramento - San
Joaquin Valley, one of the largest citrus production areas in
US.
Mainly productive soils, suitable for
agriculture, and urban agriculture.
High seedling mortality in brown-
fields.
-
Energy resources
Sun potential YES YES - - Number of sunny days
Wind potential YES YES - - Predictable and constant wind.
Water potential NO YES - - No real slope to build hydropower plant.
Key AA - average
annual AM - average monthly P.o. - Port of I.A. - International
Airport I-5 - Interstate 5
Legal Factors Factor Description Situation in Stockton Opportunity Threat Comments
Business regulations* Ease of doing business
California is considered one of the more difficult states to do business in. It has comparatively high taxes
and a complicated regulatory environment.17 However, by
international rankings, the US does well, especially in access to credit
and insolvency procedures.18
Attract new businesses by decreasing bureaucracy in
procedures under city jurisdiction, not necessarily
decreasing taxes.
Stockton’s position in California puts it at a
disadvantage in attracting business due
to complicated regulations and high
taxes.
The Small Business Friendliness Survey by Thumbtack and
the Kauffmann Foundation found
that small businesses are more deterred by
high levels of bureaucracy than by
high taxes.19
Crime law Enforcement
Since the rise of crime in 1980s, Stockton's Police Department has
been fighting with high gang activity, illegal drug sale, firearm sale, violent and property crime.
Low density of population, lack of distinctive high crime degree areas and the fact that crime is spread out
around the city without any recognizable pattern, have been the
main causes for police force's ineffectiveness when trying to
prevent criminal acts.20
Employing and engaging community in tackling these issues, as they are directly
affected.
Uncontrolled spreading of the criminal
activities due to the unpredictable nature of
the crime. With California having the largest number of hate
groups, the white supremacist population and white street gangs
may continue to proliferate. Violent attacks against non-
whites may continue.1
To break the cycle of chronic, generational crime and improve
public safety in Stockton, law
enforcements have been trying to
interrupt and prevent violence and homicides by
targeting high-risk persons, places and
situations.1
Corruption Convictions on state level
One of the least corrupted states (measured in number of convicted
officials per capita; counted on gross level, in top 10 with the most
convictions)
Developed consciousness about the issue can be beneficial in
eradicating it or diminishing its presence.
Hard to measure and prove. /
Codes 16 Municipal codes
Municipal Code Title 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
Adequate implementation according to the Constitution / Wide coverage of the
topics with city
17 Thumbtack.com, Kaufmann Foundation (2014). Thumbtack.com Small Business Friendliness Survey. Retrieved December 13, 2014, from http://www.thumbtack.com/survey#/2014/1/states 18 World Bank (2014). Ease of Doing Business in United States. Ease of Doing Business 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2014, from http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/united-states 19 Thumbtack.com, Kaufmann Foundation (2014). Thumbtack.com Small Business Friendliness Survey. Retrieved December 13, 2014, from http://www.thumbtack.com/survey#/2014/1/states 20 Organized crime in California 2007-2008: Annual Report to the Legislature. California office of the Attorney General. Retrieved from http://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/publications/org_crime2007_08.pdf
Municipal Code Title 2 ADMINISTRATION AND
PERSONNEL Municipal Code Title 3 REVENUE
AND FINANCE Municipal Code Title 4 RESERVED Municipal Code Title 5 BUSINESS LICENSES AND REGULATIONS Municipal Code Title 6 ANIMALS
Municipal Code Title 7 RESERVED Municipal Code Title 8 HEALTH
AND SAFETY Municipal Code Title 9 PUBLIC
PEACE AND WELFARE Municipal Code Title 10 VEHICLES
AND TRAFFIC Municipal Code Title 11
FRANCHISES Municipal Code Title 12 STREETS,
SIDEWALKS AND PUBLIC PLACES
Municipal Code Title 13 PUBLIC SERVICES
Municipal Code Title 14 RESERVED
Municipal Code Title 15 BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION
Municipal Code Title 16 DEVELOPMENT CODE21
enables the basis for development.
specific regulations and codes
Organization of the city City departments
Administrative Service Human Resources Animal Services
Library City Attorney
Municipal Utilities City Clerk
Public Works City Manager
Recreation Community Development
Stockton Fire
/ /
County and city departments are public service
agencies.
21 Stockton Municipal Codes (n.d.). Retrieved December 1st, 2014, from http://qcode.us/codes/stockton/
Community Services Stockton Police
Economic Development
Organized crime* Organizations/ Gangs
Eurasian Organized Crime Mexican Drug Trafficking
Organizations Marijuana Drug Trafficking
Organizations
Familiarity with the gangs and their activities;
Acknowledgement of their existence, not denial
Although white DTOs currently dominate indoor marijuana garden production
throughout California, law enforcement
reports indicate that Asian DTOs operating
indoor marijuana gardens are becoming increasingly common
in the state, most notably in the
Sacramento and San Joaquin counties. Asian
DTOs are known to establish multiple
indoor growing sites in an attempt to cover
losses from law enforcement
eradication efforts.1
Numerous EOC groups continue to
operate in California, engaging in arms
trafficking, auto theft, cargo theft, extortion, murder, prostitution, money laundering, drugs, insurance fraud, recycling
fraud, smuggling, immigration fraud,
and human trafficking. The main criminal activities of EOC groups in the state are medical
fraud, financial fraud, and auto theft.
Mexican DTOs are increasing their involvement in
human smuggling, arms trafficking, home invasion robberies, and
ransom kidnappings to supplement
declining drug trade income.1
Pending legislation Recent and new measures in City Council/on ballot
Measure B has been recently passed, which mandates the city to use a recent tax increase to fund better security services and bankruptcy exit. Measure C, a revision of the
City Charter, amending the Mayor’s compensation and delegating the
determination of the City Manager’s spending authority to the City
Council, has been passed in a fall
More flexible and effective governance through passed
measures and quicker bankruptcy exit. Increased
energy efficiency through the Climate Action Plan.
Higher upfront costs to install more energy
efficient solutions, the tax increase may hurt
business.
/
2014 election.22 The state-mandated Climate Action Plan for Stockton has
been approved in December 2014, with some measures that will affect private businesses and residents as
well. However, it is predicted to have an overall positive net effect on
Stockton23
Property tax Tax rate
As of June 2014, the effective property tax rate in Stockton was 10.77 dollars per 1000 dollars of
home value. This compares favorably with the United States
average of 12.07 dollars.24 However, some cities in California have a
lower effective rate, such as Glendale, at 8.22 dollars.25
Additional measures that are levied along with the state-
controlled tax could potentially be lowered.
California residents and local officials have virtually no control
over the distribution of property tax revenue to
local governments. Instead, all major
decisions regarding property tax allocation are controlled by the
state.
Using low property taxes as a metric of
business friendliness in California is a
complicated matter. The market value of properties generally increases faster than the 2% p/a tax-base
increase. Furthermore, the tax rate adjusts with the market value only
when the property is sold or when the market value dips
below the tax base.26 Therefore, the longer a property does not change owners, the lower the effective property tax rate, as the effective rate is calculated based on
current market values.
22 City of Stockton (2014). Ballot Measures 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014, from http://www.stocktongov.com/government/departments/clerk/balMeasures.html 23 City of Stockton (2014). Climate Action Plan. Retrieved December 16, 2014, from http://www.stocktongov.com/government/boardCom/clim.html 24 Sperling’s Best Places (n.d.). Housing in Stockton, California. Retrieved December 4, 2014, from http://www.bestplaces.net/housing/city/california/stockton 25 Sperling’s Best Places (n.d.). Housing in Glendale, California. Retrieved December 15, 2014, from http://www.bestplaces.net/housing/city/california/glendale 26 Legislative Analyst’s Office (2012). Understanding California’s Property Taxes. Retrieved December 9, 2014, from http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2012/tax/property-tax-primer-112912.aspx
Additional measures that are levied along with the property tax amount to around ten percent of the tax.27 The market value of the property has the largest impact on the amount of property
tax levied. CHARACTERISTICS FUNCTIONING
Justice* Judicial Council of California
The Judicial Council is the policymaking body of the California courts, the largest court system in the nation. In accordance with the California
Constitution, the council is responsible for ensuring the consistent, independent, impartial, and accessible administration of justice. Judicial
Council staff implements the council’s policies. The Judicial Council acts as a governing body for the judicial branch to
ensure the statewide administration of justice by supporting the California courts and assisting them to provide equal and timely access to an independent and impartial justice system. It establishes judicial branch policy for the improvement of an independent and impartial justice system that meets public needs and enhances public trust and
confidence in the courts.28
The Judicial Council develops judicial branch goals in its strategic and operational plans. At six-year intervals, the council develops and
approves a long-range strategic plan. At three-year intervals, the council develops and approves an operational plan for the implementation of the
strategic plan.
*State level
27 Legislative Analyst’s Office (2012). Understanding California’s Property Taxes. Retrieved December 9, 2014, from http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2012/tax/property-tax-primer-112912.aspx 28 Judicial Council Governance Policies (2008). Judicial Council of California. Retrieved from http://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/appendix_d.pdf