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Strip Mall FiresLt. Christopher Mariotti 08/21/2016
NEWPORT FIRE DEPARTMENT
Identify type of construction for strip malls
Explain Fire behavior in these structures
Describe construction benefits Identify tactical needs Recognize firefighting problems in strip malls
Explain basic offensive, defensive tactics at strip mall fires.
OBJECTIVES
Larger Structures
Large Undivided Areas
Heavier Fire Load
Weak Roof Construction
Low Life Hazard
OVERVIEW
Large Structures divided by partition walls
LARGE FIRE LOADSLARGE UNDIVIDED AREAS
Large Fire Loads
Weak Roof Construction
A Fire Here
May not be immediately noticed here & here
Verify Evacuation
Type II – Non-combustible
Type V – Lightweight
Combination of Construction
Parapet
Mansards & Façades
Store Fronts
Back doors
CONSTRUCTION
Type II Non-combustible
Masonry or concrete exterior walls with non-combustible roof assembly
Type V LightweightAll structural components are combustible
Combination ConstructionConcrete exterior walls with steel trusses and wooden roof
Parapet
Mansards & Facades
This building has tilt-up exterior walls, with a wood frame stucco covered mansard over the store front.
CLICK LINK FOR TILT-UP WALL VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/embed/HLBVaz_ETdU
Mansard and Facades
Glass Store Front
Quick glass removal can provide good access, but remember the rush of O2 will draw the fire to the outside.
Limited rear access
LIMITED REAR ACCESS
LIMITED REAR ACCESS
Fire WallsPartition WallAttic SpaceMansard/FaçadeSprinklersHydrants
CODES
Fire Barriers
This is a stucco over wood strip center, connected with a masonry wall of a major tenant (anchor store). From the rear you can see a actual gap between the buildings. It will be covered with a metal strip on the front. This is a formidable wall.
The space between the strip mall and the major tenant is covered for aesthetic reasons. This is a sign of a good fire barrier.
This partition wall is constructed of sheet rock over metal studs. It will continue to the underside of the roof decking.
One side of this wall is sheet rock over metal studs. The other side is a cinderblock wall. This would be important information in the development of your IAP.
Drop Ceiling or Open Ceiling
POTENTIAL HIDDEN FIRE
Remove tiles as you advance 181 Be l levue Ave
Mansard Fire StoppingRequired every 100 linear feet.
Fire barrier
Mansards & FacadesYou can see how the decorative mansard on this strip mall provides multiple access for fire spread.
Mansards & Facades
This wooden mansard is bolted onto a cinder block building.
StripmallAnchor Store
Mansard
Fire can potentially extend from a stripmall occupancy into an anchor store through the mansard.
Undivided Areas & Fire LoadUnsupported Lightweight Roof Assemblies/Early
CollapseConcentrated LoadsCommon AtticRear Access
FIRE SPREAD & CONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS
UNDIVIDED AREAS
STOP & SHOPCVS Bellevue Ave (basement)
FIRE LOAD 1 9 9 C O N N E L L H W Y
Dollar Tree Dollar Tree
These roof assemblies are vulnerable to early collapse. You need to get water on the fire and on the trusses early.
Compromised truss section
181 BELLEVUE AVE
181 BELLEVUE AVE
Compromised Truss
Concentrated Roof Loads
Concentrated Loads
Rear Access
A block wall with a steel door can slow access to the occupancy. This door will need the skilled attention of a firefighter with a K-12 saw.
REAR DOORS/LOCKED FROM INSIDE
Keyed lock from inside Pad locked from inside
Stop & shop Stop & Shop
Rear Access
Rear access through lightweight construction may be easier through the wall.
Rear Access
This narrow space behind the building will force apparatus placement too close to the building.
Rear Access narrowing Places apparatus in potential collapse zones
Large Undivided AreasGlass Store FrontsCommon Attic SpaceEarly Self VentMasonry Walls at Anchor TenantsLightweight Partition WallsSprinklers
CONSTRUCTION BENEFITS OF STRIP MALLS
Large Open Areas
From a safe position outside the occupancy you can apply water to the back wall and the roof assembly.
You can hit nearly everything from the front door in smaller occupancies.
Open Areas
Open areas and straight isles for easy advance
WALMART
Glass Store Front
Removal of glass provides a large opening for ventilation, hose streams and access. Remember fire will be drawn to you.
Masonry wall at anchor tenants
We know we have a substantial wall at this anchor tenant. We can use it to try to protect the “long” side.
Lightweight partition walls. Show how they can be forced easily.
Lightweight partition walls can be easily breached
Fast Moving Large FireWater RequirementsEarly CollapseLightweight Roof vs. Vertical VentilationFlammable MansardManpower Intensive
FIREFIGHTING PROBLEMS WITH STRIP MALLS
Unique AttackAggressive Frontal AttackAggressive Exposure ProtectionVentilation Horizontal vs. VerticalOpen Rear DoorsSecure Utilities
BASIC FIREFIGHTING TACTICSAT STRIP MALLS
Example
Exposure B2
Exposure B1Exposure D1
Exposure D2
C Division
A Division
FDC
Additional ResourcesApparatus PositioningWater SupplyHoselineVentilationUtilitiesEntrySearch ExtinguishBack-upExposure DivisionsOverhaul/Salvage
BASIC OFFENSIVE TACTICS
Fire AttackRITBack-up GroupEvacuation GroupRoof Division/Ventilation GroupBravo Exposure & Delta ExposureCharlie DivisionFDCSafetyMedicalRehab
BASIC OFFENSIVE ASSIGNMENTS
Exposure B2
Exposure B1Exposure D1
Exposure D2
C Division
A Division
FDC
ExampleOffensive
Additional ResourcesApparatus PositioningWater SupplyFire AttackAssign Exposure Divisions & Establish Defensive
BoundariesVentilation & Roof ReportUtilities
BASIC DEFENSIVE TACTICS
Exposure D1 Exposure D2 Exposure D3Exposure B1
VentVent
FDC
C DivisionExample 1
Fire Attack
C Division
A Division
FDC
Example 2
Exposure B1Exposure D1
Exposure D2
Exposure D3Vent here or ?
Fire Attack
Fire Attack GroupBravo/Delta Exposure DivisionsCharlie DivisionEvacuation GroupRoof Division/Ventilation GroupRITSafetyMedicalRehabStagingPossible Water SupplyPossible PIO
BASIC DEFENSIVE ASSIGNMENTS
Offensive to Defensive Withdraw Abandon the Building
Defensive to OffensiveEvacuation
CHANGING STRATEGY
Identify where you would position your engine
Locate the hydrant you would utilizeSpot your ideal truck locationWhat hydrant would support the aerial
if needed?Choose a location for the rescueWhere should later arriving units stage?Explain where you would utilize other
unitsIf the incident grew into a defensive
fire, discuss how you would assign units.
SETS & REPSSTRIP MALL TARGET MAP
Receive DispatchVerbalize Pre-incident Information Complete En route ResearchVerbalize En route concernsComplete Brief Initial Report Identify Critical Factors & apply RMPGive Follow-up ReportIdentify Command ModeIdentify StrategyAssign & Track UnitsComplete IC Worksheet
SETS & REPS
BuildingFireOccupancyLife HazardArrangementResourcesActionSpecial Circumstances
STRIP MALL SITUATION EVALUATION
Reported Structure Fire in a business199 Connell HighwayFire in Burger Shop
CALL #1
Reported structure fire in a business250 BroadwayFire in PDQ
CALL #2
PDQ
PDQ
You tube
Essentials of Firefighting 5 th and 6 th edition
IFSTA Building Construction 3 rd edition
Fire Engineering
REFERENCES