Struggle & SurvivalSpain

Michael Huey

Diego Vasicuio

• Peru colonization by the Spaniards• Spaniards wanted to instill catholic practices and traditions to the

native people of Peru• Vasicuio was a known widely as the native Priest of Salamanca,

Peru • Follower of the Sorimana idol, and encouraged other followers in

rituals.• Later accused of a heretic and brought before Father Prado

Martin Ocelotl

• 1496 – 1537• Born into a merchant family in Mexico• Converted to Catholicism at the age of twenty-nine, but still

practiced old traditions.• At the time of the Spanish inquisition, Ocelotl decided to fully devote

himself to Catholicism for own protection.• Brought to trial before the Spanish Inquisition on crimes of witchcraft

and predictions.

Juan de Morga &Gertrudis de Escobar

• Both were rebellious slaves in Mexico,

• Gertrudis Escobar was a slave that frequently tried to escape but failed at every attempt.

• Was often beaten and punished

• Juan Morga was literate, able to read and write.• Was owned by a brutal master.• Struggled for freedom and survival.

Isabel Moctezuma

• 1509-1550• Daughter of Moctezuma II, an Aztec ruler who was killed by Hernan Cortes

during the Spanish Conquest.• Conversion to Christianity led Isabel to give generous tithes to those who

needed it.• Married many Spanish men and gave birth to a lot of children, including

Cortes’s daughter.

Beatriz de Padilla• Was branded as a mulatto, meaning having both a white and black parent.• Was accused and brought to trial on the charges of witchcraft and murder

of Spanish people, including a priest.• Believed that a woman of Beatriz de Padilla’s background could not have

attracted men without the use of “magic”.• It turned out that Beatriz de Padilla was in love with the priest that she

was accused of killing.• Was later clear of all charges.

Miguel Hernandez• Mulatto citizen, was also able to read and write.• Most notably known for his business skills and travels• Known as the Master of the Mule Trains, originating a goods transport

market.

Enrico Martinez• Martinez was a highly educated and respected man, acting as an

astronomer for the royal family and interpreter for the Spanish Inquisition.

• Went to work on a canal, but was responsible for failure after a heavy rainstorm that lead to a massive flood.

• Although he was trained as an engineer, it was believed that failure on his canal was due to a lack of knowledge.

Tula• One of Mexico’s greatest cities in the ninth and tenth centuries.• Earliest people of the Aztec tribe.• Migration to other parts of Mexico, but still kept the same heritage. As a

result, conflicts broke out, which resulted into small wars.• A proud culture of early Aztecs, known for their architecture, writing, and

art.

Empire Bulders• Moctezuma I, a strong, mighty warrior, rose to power of the Aztec nation.• Dubbed as the father of the Aztec empire.• Conquered other nations to expand and to prevent own empire from

being annihilated.• Prisoners of war were brought to Monctezuma’s empire to appease the

gods as human sacrifices.

The Aztecs, Conquering Heroes• Triple Alliance appointed many rulers all throughout Aztec Empire

through arms and politics.• Human sacrifice was a practice, not invented by Aztec tribes, but from a

tradition performed a thousand years ago.• Believed that blood of human sacrifices was the “holy water” to please

the gods.• Montezuma II rose to absolute power in 1503. This stirred up unrest and

lead to rebellions.• Great Tenochtitlan became the center of the Mexican world.

The Arrival of the White Man• Spanish expedition to the new world resulted in Hernan Cortes landing in

Mexico, right in the midst of the Aztec Empire.• Cortes and Spanish motivation: expansion of wealth, promotion of the

Christian faith, and power growth.• Aztecs attempted to fight back, but technological advances in armor and

weaponry gave the natives a huge disadvantage against the Spaniards.• Empire ultimately conquered by Spaniards in 1520s, resulting a new

leader and the deaths of thousands of natives.

Resistance to Collaboration• Since Cortes’s victory, he imposed new ideals and policies on to the fallen

Aztecs.• Such as include a strict conversion to Christianity and to cast away all

former “idols”, a universal marriage system, and a class system• Spaniard took great measures to wipeout Aztec tradition and religion,

including the destruction of temples, shrines, sculptures, and others.• Native Aztecs found it hard to retain cultural identity while adapting

Spanish traditions.

Aftermath• Aztec culture and people started to disappear as the new colonial

Spaniards instilled their traditions and beliefs.• Church was now placed at the center of Spanish and Mexican lives.• A great migration of thousands of people to the new central city of

Mexico.• Both native people and Spaniards began to forge the two distinctive

cultures together.

Bartolomé de las Casas• Spanish priest (1484-1566)• Radically against the poor treatment of the native people in the new

world.• Believed Natives shouldn’t be enslaved by the Spaniards.• “Historia de las Indias”• Firmly believed in converting Natives to Christianity.

Black Legend• Term originated by Julian Juderias (1877-1918)• Described as having a negative bias towards Spanish conquest.• Aimed especially towards the Spanish Inquisition, who tortured and

brutally damaged Natives and other humans in efforts to Christianize them.

Manila Galleons• The Manila Galleons were the fleet of trading ships that traveled annually

to the Philippines from Mexico.• Established when Andres de Urdaneta found an alternate trading route

back to New Span from the Philippines.• Columbus dreamed, before his death, to establish trade to the East Indies

to bring good back to Spain.• Philippine Islands became a key player in the Spice Trade for the Spanish

nation.