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This is a presentation for the British Dyslexia Association International Conference 2014 by E.A. Draffan and Abi James. A DSA survey of HE and FE students and the LexDis project provide some insights into student use of technology for studying
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The Student approach to Study Skill Strategies using Portable and Desktop Technologies. E.A. Draffan & Abi James
University of Southampton / BDA NTC
A Very Modern Lecture, reused courtesy of pjohnkeane Flickr photostream under a CC licence"Kent State Study Looks at Cell Phone Use and Fitness in College Students" by Kent State University
Mobile technology knowledge• Nearly all 12-15 yr. olds with an active online profile continue to use
Facebook (97%)
• Use of tablets has tripled among the 5-15 age range since 2012 (42%, up from 14%)
(http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/news/1214979/)
• 12-15yr. olds send
an average of 200
messages a week
• UK teens using smartphones
could rise to as high as
96 per cent by 2017 (Pew Research)
Number of times features were commented upon
• Survey in 2009, 230 disabled students from UK, USA & Japan – 59% were 16-25 years old
• Email, alarm, prediction and vibration most used after calls, followed by calendar/reminders, internet and camera.
Camera
Memo Recorder
Notes
Internet sea
rch
Dictionary
Timer
Calendar/R
eminderAlar
m
Audio Player
Spea
ker phone
GPS
Digital M
oney
Text
to spee
ch
Magnificati
on /Text
enlar
gemen
t
Contrast
levels
Prediction
Handwriting re
cognition
Spee
ch re
cogn
ition
Vibration
flip style
simplici
ty
text c
apab
ility/S
MS
Accessi
bility fe
atures
Easy
to use
multi functi
on/apps
touchsce
en
Design in
c colour
ease
of use
of buttons/k
eyboard
Cost0
10
20
30
40
50
2006 -8Facebook Wikipedia, Netbooks, iPhones Internet access via mobiles
2009 - 2010TwittereBooks & KindleAndroid smartphonesThe iPad!
2011-12: Tablets of all shapesSocial Media meets collaborative learningGoogle Chrome book
2013:MOOCs3D printingWearable technologyFlipped classroom
2014 +:Technology –powered Education combining:- online, - traditional- collaborative
learning- Learning
analytics- Personal
content
How are students coping in quickly changing world of education and technology?
Mobile Phone survey (2011)Accessing their websites on a mobile device (number of visits in one month):
• iPhone: 1199• Android: 502• iPad: 488• iPod: 154• Other: 178
80% of those who responded had a smart phone. Of that 80% the breakdown was as follows:
• Android: 42.3%• Blackberry 34.6%• iPhone: 11.5%• Windows: 3.8%• Other: 7.7%
(http://www.in-traction.com/mobile-browsing-a-student-survey/)
How are students coping in a rapidly changing world of education and technology?
Possible ways to answer this question:
• Quantitative….Survey of students in receipt of DSA 2007-2012
– 12.8% of students with SpLD had access to AT prior to university
• Qualitative…. LexDis project to collate technology strategies from disabled students (http://www.lexdis.org.uk)
Explore options
Functional Response
Personal Changes
Evaluations and
Feedback
Personal Perceptions
Functional Demands
Environment and Context
Home Education or Work Community
External Support
Personal Resources
Technology Choices
Adapted from theHuman Function
Model (Melichar &Blackhurst,
1993).
DSA Survey 2011-12
• “I didn't have a laptop or PC and struggled with to use university comouters as it takes me a long time to work through assignments etc! Having my laptop means i can work in my own time anywhere i need and i can use the software that was given to help. It also meant i could use this stuff on school placements.” (Student with SpLD)
Hardware Software0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Frequency of use of assistive technology by students with SpLDs
Not at allOccasionally (less than once a month)Sometimes (less than once a week)Often (more than once a week)Used Daily
What are students using their hardware for?
58% of students with SpLD made comments about their hardware
0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%
What benefits do using the software provide students with SpLD?
Help m
e work
in a
way th
at su
its m
e
Enable
s acc
ess t
o ass
istive
tech
softw
are
Helps m
e to b
e orga
nised
Helps m
e to c
once
ntrate
Help m
e acc
ess m
ateria
ls
Helps m
e kee
p up
Can't u
sed s
hared
facil
ities
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
What additional technology did the students feel could help?
19% of students with SpLD made comments about additional technology
Stan
dard
AT
Portab
ility &
batte
ry life
Tab
let/ to
uch-s
creen
devic
e
Reque
sted G
enera
l IT
Speec
h rec
ognit
ion
curric
ulum so
ftware
Ergono
mic
Smart
Phone
porta
ble sp
ell ch
ecke
r
Self-fin
ance
d
eBoo
k rea
der
0.0%5.0%
10.0%15.0%20.0%25.0%30.0%35.0%
Comments about requirements for portable devices:
“An iPad. I have since self funded for one and it really helps. I use it to take notes sketching internet and for keynote presentations. I also use the reminder facility and calendar for short term memory.”
“a smart phone/ iPad of some kind which is light and
easy to carry round with me
which would help me organise
myself.”
“a tablet …it would be very useful to have been able to use this during lectures and
practicals to take notes and to access notes/research that I have prepared in
advance.”
“Reading is big issue for me – I find it hard to concentrate on the content so I have to scan in documents so I use a program to read them back to
help me focus and absorb more information. Quite often I download E-Journals and they are all set up in
PDF format. But, when I come to use the software, it is quite hard so
then I transfer it to a Word document. It is much more user-
friendly.
eReading“I wasn't recommended an ereader …I
haven't got one yet and am not sure how many of the things I need to read are
available on them, but it is something I am considering as they are smaller
lighter and more convenient than my big text books and I think they might be
easier to look at.”
“An eReader would have helped me
organise my reading and
research much better.”
Note-taking Strategies“The [tablet] was invaluable in the field as it allowed me to take notes
and complete spreadsheets of field results …I managed ok typing
one handed.
(Speech recognition user)
“I don’t like pens and papers! Too much waste and extra cost. I’ve been using my iPad with a stylus and several note taking/drawing apps so far. I synchronise all my
notes with iCloud and I’m perfectly happy
(student struggling with pain and fatigue)
I find if I use the Live Scribe with the ear buds just hanging loosely
round my neck, then the microphone from the pen does not
pick up the scratching when writing, but still records the lecture
or meeting”
“I have found AudioNotetaker very useful for gathering quotes from audio recordings when interviewing people
as well as recording and making note from lectures.
Organisation strategies
“I use Evernote for making checklists. If I have a large piece of coursework or many subjects areas to revise. I break each task down, make a list and tick off
each task as I complete it. There is always a sense of satisfaction when
looking at a list full of ticks!”
“I was given an iPhone that I use for calendars, calls, texting with speak select, camera shots of articles using image to text and
video capturing of lectures. I use it to organise
everything and sync with iCloud so I can view and
work online from my desktop as well.
Proof reading strategies
“Text to speech is really useful when you are writing and proofreading – it makes me stop when I leave out words and when I create
words that don’t exist., I was given Texthelp Read and Write Gold and I use the scanning for my manuscripts. Add the picture to Word
and make comments in the margins.”
“I find I have to take a break before I read my work again and even so I often think I have written something that is not there or
miss words out so I like to have the text highlighting on when listening to it reading
back.”
Students as Agile Technology (AT) Users
Needs (e.g. Curriculum tasks, activities, setting,
social communication,
access and independence)
Strategies and Technology Choices
(e.g. Assistive / Productivity / mobile
/free and online)
Considerations (e.g. time, skills,
personalisation, training, attitude and
preferences, available technology, costs)
AT User
Research Strategies Evidence Based choices
Note of caution….• Some portable devices may look similar but provide very
different user experiences and personal preferences run deep!
• Recent studies have shown that while students find e-book and portable devices beneficial, they are still under-taking much of their studying on laptop or desktop computers.
• Each update, device change, app trial and technology based strategy can take time to learn – make the offer of anything new meaningful and in the context of study skill requirements.
Thank You E.A. Draffan and Abi James, ECS Accessibility Team
http://access.ecs.soton.ac.uk
With thanks to all the
students who took
part in the DSA survey
and continue to support
the LexDis Project
http://www.lexdis.org.uk/