33
Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel Sebastian Bernal B.S. Candidate in Management Engineering Martín Rojas B.S. in Industrial Engineering

Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travelSebastian BernalB.S. Candidate in Management Engineering

Martín Rojas B.S. in Industrial Engineering

Page 2: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel. Transportation, 38(1), 1–15, 2011.● Cecilia Jakobsson Bergstad, Ph.D. in Psychology Gothenburg

University, senior lecturer at the Gothenburg University.● Amelie Gamble, Ph.D. in Psychology Gothenburg University,

research fellow at the Gothenburg University.● Tommy Gärling, Ph.D. in Psychology Stockholm University,

Professor emeritus at the Gothenburg University.● Olle Hagman, senior lecturer at Department of Sociology of the

Gothenburg University.● Merritt Polk, Ph.D. in Human Ecology Gothenburg University,

associate professor at the Gothenburg University.● Dick Ettema is Associate Professor of Research Methodology and

Urban Modelling at the Utrecht University, editorial board member of four journals.

● Margareta Friman, Ph.D. in Psychology Gothenburg University, researcher at the Karlstad University.

● Lars E. Olsson, Ph.D. at Center for Consumer Science, Researcher at Service Research Center at Karlstad University.

Page 3: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Contenido● Problema

○ Estudiar el impacto al SWB (subjective well being o bienestar subjetivo) del ser por el transporte urbano diario en el área metropolitana del valle de aburra y otras ciudades de Colombia.

● Estado del arte○ Utility maximization theory○ SWB○ SWB en el transporte○ DRM - Day Reconstruction Method

● Método○ Encuesta

● Resultados○ Regresion lineal multiple

● Conclusiones

Page 4: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Problema, ¿Porqué Felicidad?

● A partir de un interés en la felicidad, cómo se mide y que se ha hecho. Se decidió investigar una de las situaciones que, comúnmente más infelices nos hacen, el transporte urbano (Kahneman, Krueger, Schkade, Schwarz, & Stone, 2004).

● Al evaluar la felicidad, se hace sobre dos seres. El ser que experimenta, que plantea qué opinamos en la vida, y un ser que recuerda, que dice que opinamos sobre la vida (Kahneman & Riis, 2005).

Page 5: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Experiencing Self vs Remembering Self.

● La diferencia más grande entre el experiencing self y el remembering self tiene que ver con el manejo del tiempo. Por ejemplo: Para el experiencing self, unas vacaciones de 2 semanas son el doble de mejores que unas de 1 semana. Para el remembering self le da igual, pues no hay memorias agregadas (Kahneman, Krueger, Schkade, Schwarz, & Stone, 2004).

Page 6: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Estado del arte

1. DRM - Day Reconstruction Method2. Utility-maximization theory3. Subjective well-being (SWB)4. SWB en el transporte

Page 7: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Day Reconstruction Method (DRM)

The Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) is designed to collect data describing the experiences a person has on a given day, through a systematic reconstruction conducted on the following day (Kahneman, Krueger, Schkade, Schwarz, & Stone, 2004).

Page 8: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Utility-maximization theory ¿RL?

● Is the dominant account of how travel-related choices of activity, destination and travel mode are made (McFadden 2001).

● Is used to assess people’s satisfaction with their travel (e.g. in cost-benefit analyses).

● Is derived from observed choices.● It is doubtful whether utility derived in this

way is a valid measure of travellers’ satisfaction,since choices are frequently made under constraints and lack of complete information.

Page 9: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Subjective well-being (SWB) (1/3)

● SWB has been proposed as a measure of individuals’ benefits in a number of domains (Kahneman 1999)

● SWB expresses individuals’ cognitive and emotional well-being, directly measured by means of reliable psychometric scales. (Diener and Suh 1997)

Page 10: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

SWB (2/3)

Well-being can be understood as the perceived evaluation of the overall life environment or system. If the domain of this evaluation is reduced to a sub-system of each one’s life, happiness and well-being can be seen as depicted by the figure (Duarte et al., 2009).

Page 11: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

SWB (3/3)

● SWB consists of three components:○ Positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) of

immediate experiences■ Immediate self-reports of specific emotions or mood.

(Stone et al. 1999)■ Self-report rating scales:

● Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Watson et al. 1988) ● Swedish Core Affect Scale (SCAS) (Va¨stfja¨ll et al. 2002;

Va¨stfja¨ll and Ga¨rling 2007)○ A cognitive component of satisfaction with life as a

whole.■ 5-item Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener

et al. 1985; Pavot & Diener 1993)■ Single-item question (World Values Survey 2005)

Page 12: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

SWB en el transporte (1/3)

● SWB can be defined in the context of specific domains, such as work life, family life, and leisure. (Schimmack 2008)○ A specific form of domain-specific SWB is customer

satisfaction that focuses on goods or services that fulfil specific needs. (Oliver 2009)■ Travellers’ satisfaction is influenced by events

experienced when using a travel mode.(Ga¨rling, 2001) (Friman et al., 1998, 2001, 2004))

Page 13: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

SWB en el transporte(2/3)

● Commuting home from work is one of the least pleasurable activities during the day. (White and Dolan, 2009)

● Commuting over 2 h a day negatively impacts on life satisfaction (Stutzer and Frey, 2008)

● Women are more likely to be negatively impacted by commuting than men. (Roberts et al., 2011)

● Satisfaction with bus services depends on a variety of non-instrumental factors such as cleanliness, privacy, safety, convenience, stress, social interaction, and scenery. (Stradling et al., 2007)

Page 14: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

SWB en el transporte(3/3)

● Pedestrians evaluated their walking trips in terms of non-instrumental criteria, such as Crowdedness, air quality, presence of trees and flowers, presence of beggars, and type of pavement. (Stradling et al., 2007)

● SWB is affected by context-specific factors such as various forms of consumption as well as quality of public goods including commuting services. (Diener and Seligman 2004; Diener et al. 2009).

Page 15: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Método (1/6)

● Se compartió el link de la encuesta a conocidos a través de chats, y se invitó a participar voluntaria y conscientemente.

● En la encuesta se les informo el propósito de esta, y el tiempo promedio de respuesta, 7 minutos.

● No hubo incentivos.● Se registraron 93 respuestas.

Page 16: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Método (2/6)

● Información sociodemográfica○ Género○ Edad○ Nivel de educación○ Ciudad de residencia○ Propiedad de carro○ Hogar con o sin niños○ Estrato○ Tipo de residencia: urbana, rural y semi-rural.

Page 17: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Método (3/6)

● Satisfacción con los viajes diarios○ Satisfaction with Travel Scale (STS)

Page 18: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Método (4/6)

● Genio semanal○ Escalas de valencia y activación

Page 19: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Método (5/6)

● Affective SWB○ Escalas de valencia y activación

Page 20: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Método (6/6)

● Cognitive SWB○ Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)

Page 21: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Resumen de datos (1/5)

1. Número de actividades realizadas - Trabajo o estudio

2. Medio de transporte utilizado - Trabajo o estudio

Page 22: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Resumen de datos (2/5)

2. Medio de transporte utilizado - Compra de alimentos

1. Número de actividades realizadas - Compra de alimentos

Page 23: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Resumen de datos (3/5)

3. Satisfacción con los viajes diarios - Estoy completamente satisfecho con mi desplazamiento diario

0 totalmente en desacuerdo, 1 en desacuerdo, 2 ni de acuerdo ni en desacuerdo, 3 de acuerdo, y 4 totalmente de acuerdo

3. Satisfacción con los viajes diarios - No quiero cambiar nada respecto a mi desplazamiento diario

Page 24: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Resumen de datos (4/5)

8. Satisfacción con la vida - Hasta ahora he alcanzado cosas importantes que quiero en la vida

8. Satisfacción con la vida - Si pudiera vivir mi vida de nuevo, cambiaría casi nada

0 totalmente en desacuerdo, 1 en desacuerdo, 2 ni de acuerdo ni en desacuerdo, 3 de acuerdo, y 4 totalmente de acuerdo

Page 25: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Resumen de datos (5/5)

11. Nivel de educación

17. Estrato

Page 26: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Regresión lineal multiple

● Satisfaction with Travel Scale [STS] and cognitive SWB range from 0 to 4, with higher values indicating higher STS and cognitive SWB.

● Weekly affective SWB, and global affective SWB range from -3 to 3, with negative values indicating negative affect and positive values positive affect.

● Genero: 1 Hombre, y -1 Mujer.● Propiedad de carro: 1 Afirmativo, y -1

Negativo.

Page 27: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Resultados (1/4) n M SD 1. 2. 3.

1. Cognitive SWB 93 2,68045 0,79267

2. Global Affective SWB

93 0,442528 1,04665 0,583066

3. Weekly Mood 93 0,206896 1,060801 0,504068 0,754401

4. Satisfaction with Travel

93 2,085057 1,110471 0,465576 0,472458 0,522855

Cognitive SWB y STS: 0 totalmente en desacuerdo, 1 en desacuerdo, 2 ni de acuerdo ni en desacuerdo, 3 de acuerdo, y 4 totalmente de acuerdo.Global Affective y Weekly Mood: -3 triste, -2 insatisfecho, -1 deprimido, 0 contento, 1 satisfecho, y 2 alegre.-3 somnoliento, -2 pasivo, -1 apagado, 0 despierto, 1 activo, y 2 alerta

Page 28: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Resultados (2/4)Variable Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Decisión

Cognitive SWB (Y) 1,742100583 0,270446351 6,441575 8,2E-09 No rechazo

Global affective 0,115356829 0,066616833 1,731647 0,087191 Rechazo

STS -0,15308049 0,070630392 -2,16735 0,033182 No rechazo

Weekly mood -0,06451616 0,075724542 -0,85198 0,396766 Rechazo

Carro 0,018795688 0,101863337 0,184519 0,854074 Rechazo

Género 0,177109785 0,073130103 2,421845 0,017704 No rechazo

Estrato 0,348607418 0,09741953 3,578414 0,000591 No rechazo

Adjusted R Square 0,408802426

Page 29: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Resultados (3/4)Variable Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value

Global affective (Y) -0,424762791- 0,351935558 -1,20693 0,231014 Rechazo

Cognitive SWB -0,111221346 0,071223345 -1,56159 0,122333 Rechazo

STS 0,067903286 0,077064186 0,881126 0,380889 Rechazo

Weekly mood -0,000545248 0,081052441 -0,00673 0,994649 Rechazo

Carro 0,600358089 0,085325078 7,036127 6,05E-10 No rechazo

Genero 0,030674302 0,080655884 0,380311 0,704723 Rechazo

Estrato 0,395797425 0,110606939 3,578414 0,000591 No rechazo

Adjusted R Square 0,615010161

Page 30: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Resultados (4/4)Variable Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value

Weekly mood (Y) -1,007717309 0,347941386 -2,896227211 0,004869 No rechazo

Global affective 0,15620066 0,072382372 2,157993112 0,033927 No rechazo

Cognitive SWB 0,073906077 0,079319978 0,931746067 0,354271 Rechazo

STS 0,000343355 0,083472365 0,0041134 0,996728 Rechazo

Carro 0,147043853 0,081497368 1,804277327 0,074951 Rechazo

Genero 0,022633288 0,122661232 0,184518675 0,854074 Rechazo

Estrato 0,636741936 0,090496083 7,036127038 6,05E-10 No rechazo

Adjusted R Square 0,602493261

Page 31: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Conclusiones (1/2)

● El estrato y el género tiene efecto positivo sobre el cognitive SWB. La satisfacción con los viajes diarios, por el contrario tiene un efecto negativo sobre el cognitive SWB.

● El estrato y la propiedad de carro, tienen efecto positivo sobre el global affective SWB.

● El estrato y el global affective SWB, tienen efecto positivo sobre el weekly mood.

Page 32: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Conclusiones (2/2)

● La población encuestada está satisfecha con las cosas que ha hecho en su vida, pero cambiaría muchas si la viviera de nuevo. Hay incoherencia.

● Los encuestados parecen estar satisfechos con su desplazamiento diario, pero cambiaran cosas de el.

● Para comprar alimentos, el medio de transporte estrella es caminando.○ Se puede atribuir a que en Medellín todavía las

distancias son cortas, o hay considerable oferta para alimentos.

Page 33: Subjective well-being related to satisfaction with daily travel

Gracias