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shows some statistical facts and literature on oyster mushroom using different media for its propagation.
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1
SUBSTRATE EVALUATION FOR SPAWN PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF OYSTER
MUSHROOM
ByMuhammad Rizwan
Liaqat2
Introduction
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Introduction
Higher fungi 12000 spp 2000 edible 120 commercially
cultivated
Mushrooms
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Mushroom were one of man’s earliest foods.An exotic and luxurious food reserved for the rich.They can be grown anywhere as long as the conditions for their
growth and cultivation are provided.Available mushroom technologies range in complexity from very
high to amazingly low.
Introduction
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Oyster mushroom Edible mushroom , excellent flavor
and taste. 3rd largest commercially produce
mushroom. naturally on rotten wood material. 40 well recognized species. 12 are
cultivated.
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× Mushroom normally ranges between 20 and 40% in protein.
× Also contain all the essential amino acids .× low in total fat content and have a high proportion of
polyunsaturated fatty acids (72 to 85%) relative to total fat content.
× High content of linoleic acids is one of the reasons why mushrooms are considered a health food.
Nutrition value
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Mushroom classification
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Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Basdiomycetes
Sub-class: Holobasidiomycetida
e
Order: Polyporales
Family: Polyporaceae
Genus: Pleurotus
• Large quantity of agriculture wastes produces annually
• Alternate method of utilization these agriculture waste
• Environment pollution problems associated burning and soil incorporation.
INTRODUCTION
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• Cultivation of Saprophytic edible mushroom may be the only current economical biotechnology for lignocelluloses organic waste recycling that combines the production of protein rich food with the reduction of environmental pollution
OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of agricultural wastes and grains for the development of spawn.
To evaluate spawn developed on different agricultural substrates for mushroom yield.
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Materials and Methods
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Mushroom culture Preparation Strain of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) Pure culture was maintained on malt extract medium. Grain and waste collection Malakander farm & other location of K.P
LAB EXPERIMENT
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oven dried at 50 oC for seven days
ground in a Grinding mill 1mm mesh size
SUBSTRATE PREPARATION OF WASTE
substrate 83%
wheat bran 15%
gypsum 1%
calcium carbonate 1%
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soaked in water 24
hours
Excessive water
drained off
capped & sterilized at 121oC
for 20 minutes.
Inoculation in
aseptic condition
capped and sealed
incubated for 15-20 days at 25oC
SUBSTRATE PREPARATION OF GRAINS
substrate 83%
wheat bran 15%
gypsum 1%
calcium carbonate 1%
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Substrates used for spawn production
S.NO Name of the substrate
1 Lipedium spp
2 Date palm leaves
3 Okra
4 Barseem
5 Tea waste
6 Mung bean
7 Paddy straw
8 Red chilli
9 Maize grains
10 Millet grains
11 Wheat grains16
Substrate preparation
Chopped wheat straw 4-5cm soaked in water for 48 hours to moisten left overnight to remove the excess of water Retain 80-90% moisture in the straw
Mushroom house Experiment
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Filling and Pasteurization of bags
Substrate was filled in heat resistant glass bags pasteurized for 3-4 hours at 80-900C left overnight for cooling
Mushroom house Experiment
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Inoculation
Inoculated with spawn of oyster mushroom developed on selected agricultural wastes and grains.
All the bags were labeled and incubated in the production room at 25oC.
Mushroom house Experiment
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DATA RECORDED
Time for completion of spawn running Days to appearance of pin heads Number of pin heads Days to maturity formation Biological efficiency (BE) Cost benefit ratio
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Yield: Number of fruiting bodies per bag Sustenance percentage Weight of Sporophore Cap diameter Data analysis
DATA RECORDED
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Results and Discussions
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Mycelial growth of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on different substrates(Top to bottom).
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Substrate 5 days 10 days 15 days
Lepedium spp 9.25 e 20.50 d 25.00 de
Date palm leaves 13.30 d 36.66 bc 47.00 b
Okra waste 31.00 a 56.66 a 69.25 a
Barseem waste 0.00 f 10.00 e 15.00 ef
Tea waste 0.00 f 8.00 e 8.75 f
Mung beans pods 12.66 d 28.66 cd 34.33 bcd
Paddy straw 22.50 bc 56.00 a 65.00 a
Red chilies 14.00 d 23.00 d 31.00 cd
Maize grains 20.33 c 42.50 b 44.50 bc
Millet grains 20.33 c 38.00 bc 41.00 bc
Wheat grains 24.00 b 38.33 bc 42.66 bc
LSD(P < 0.05) 3.2095 10.411 14.231
Effect of substrates on mycelial growth (mm) of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida).
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability.
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SubstrateSpawn run in days
25% 50% 75% 100%
Date palm leaves 13.00 c 17.50 bc 23.50 c 27.50 de
Okra waste 14.00 b 19.33 ab 24.66 b 30.66 b
Mung beans pods 9.00 e 14.00 d 20.50 e 26.66 e
Paddy straw 9.16 e 14.33 d 17.33 f 24.16 f
Red chilies 10.33 d 14.16 d 22.50 d 29.50 c
Maize grains 15.66 a 21.00 a 25.33 b 29.83 bc
Millet grains 14.83 ab 21.66 a 26.83 a 31.83 a
Wheat grains 10.66 d 15.83 cd 21.33 e 28.16 d
LSD(P < 0.05) 0.89 2.49 0.87 0.88
Effect of substrate on spawn running of Pleurotus florida.
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability.
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Substrate Different mushroom stages (days)
Spawn run pin heads Fruiting bodies Total days
Date palm leaves 27.5 de 7.1 ef 2.6 c 37.3 e
Okra waste 30.6 b 9.3 c 3.5 a 43.3 b
Mung beans pods 26.6 e 7.6 e 2.6 c 37.0 e
Paddy straw 24.1 f 7.0 f 2.5 c 33.6 f
Red chilies 29.5 c 7.6 e 3.3 ab 40.5 c
Maize grains 29.8 bc 12.3 a 2.8 bc 45.0 a
Millet grains 31.8 a 10.5 b 3.5 a 45.8 a
Wheat grains 28.1 d 8.3 d 2.5 c 39.0 d
LSD(P < 0.05) 0.88 0.66 0.63 1.31
Effect of substrate on different stages of Pleurotus florida.
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability.
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Cap diameter
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Substrate No. of pin heads No. of fruiting bodies Cap diameter(cm)
Date palm leaves 91.8 d 23.1 d 5.1 bc
Okra waste 86.0 e 21.6 de 5.3ab
Mung beans pods 65.5 f 17.3 f 4.9 bcd
Paddy straw 136.1 a 29.3 b 5.8 a
Red chilies 65.3 f 20.6 e 4.6 cd
Maize grains 106.1 c 26.0 c 4.8 bcd
Millet grains 57.8 g 25.8 c 4.6 d
Wheat grains 110.1b 35.1a 5.1 bc
LSD(P < 0.05) 3.92 2.11 0.52
Comparison of different parameters of oyster mushroom (P. florida) grown from the developed spawn on different
substrates.
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability
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Substrate No. of pin heads No. of fruiting bodies Sustenancy (%)
Date palm leaves 91.8 d 23.1 d 25.23 c
Okra waste 86.0 e 21.6 de 25.24 c
Mung beans pods 65.5 f 17.3 f 26.51 c
Paddy straw 136.1 a 29.3 b 21.58 d
Red chilies 65.3 f 20.6 e 31.60 b
Maize grains 106.1 c 26.0 c 24.52 c
Millet grains 57.8 g 25.8 c 44.72 a
Wheat grains 110.1b 35.1a 32.00 b
LSD(P < 0.05) 3.92 2.11 2.809
Sustenance potential (%) from pin heads to fruiting body development on different substrate.
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability
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Substrate Ist Week 2ND Week 3RD Week 4TH Week Totals Means
Date palm leaves 88.2 a 58.5 a 52.4 a 50.8 a 250.1 a 62.5 a
Okra waste 67.1 b 40.7 b 20.2 cd 18.7 de 146.8 c 36.7 c
Mung beans pods 36.1 f 17.1 d 15.7 f 14.2 g 83.3 f 20.8 f
Paddy straw 90.2 a 60.4 a 38.4 b 34.5 c 223.7 b 55.9 b
Red chilies 59.0 c 29.1 c 22.0 c 19.2 d 129.4 d 32.3 d
Maize grains 53.5 d 20.6 d 19.7 de 16.9 ef 110.9 e 27.7 e
Millet grains 47.3 e 25.6 c 17.7 ef 16.0 fg 106.7 e 26.6 e
Wheat grains 90.0 a 57.0 a 51.6 a 46.2 b 245.0 a 61.2 a
LSD(P < 0.05) 3.52 4.58 2.13 2.03 7.28 1.82
Effect of substrate on yield of oyster mushroom (P. florida).
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability
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Substrate Biological efficiency (%)
Date palm leaves 19.24 a
Okra waste 11.29 c
Mung beans pods 6.41 f
Paddy straw 17.21 b
Red chilies 9.95d
Maize grains 8.52 e
Millet grains 8.21 e
Wheat grains 18.85 a
LSD(P < 0.05) 0.560
Effect of substrate on Biological efficiency of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida).
Means followed by different letters within the columns are significantly different at 5% level of probability.
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Substrate Estimated costs Cost benefit ratio
Date palm leaves 15.00 0.3
Okra waste 10.00 0.2
Mung beans pods 10.00 0.2
Paddy straw 10.00 0.2
Red chilies 10.00 0.2
Maize grains 25.00 0.5
Millet grains 50.00 1.00
Wheat grains 30.00 0.6
Cost Benefit Ratio of the substrates used for the spawn development of oyster mushroom (P. florida).
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Paddy straw and date palm leaves were found best substrates for the spawn development of oyster mushroom.
Instead of wheat grain we used paddy straw and date palm leaves for spawn production.
Spawn developed on different substrates have significant effect on yield of mushroom.
Date palm leaves and paddy straw were showed good results for yield among the substrates on which spawn developed.
Conclusions & Recommendations
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Research work is needed to investigate the effect of substrate on sustainable yield of edible mushrooms with regards to commercial production.
Research is also needed to check the chemical composition of these substrates.
Further Detailed studies are required to explore other agricultural waste for spawn and mushroom production.
Conclusions & Recommendations
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Thankful to
Higher Education Commission.
Acknowledgment
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THANK YOU
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