SUGARCANE BEET DISEASESA PRESENTATION TO IPM COURSE/FFS

PARTICIPANTS BY

MR. ALLAH DAD KHAN PROVINCIAL COORDINATOR IPM KPK

FOR MINFAL PAKISTAN

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), variety of 

beet, a biennialplant of the Amaranthaceae family. It is cultivated for its juice, from which sugar is processed. The sugar beet is second only to sugarcane as the major source of the world’s sugar.

History The sugar beet was grown as a garden vegetable and for fodder

long before it was valued for its sugar content. Sugar was produced experimentally from beets inGermany in 1747 by the chemist Andreas Marggraf, but the first beet-sugar factory was built in Silesia in 1802.Napoleon became interested in the process in 1811 because the British blockade had cut off the French Empire’s raw sugar supply from the West Indies, and under his influence 40 factories to process beet sugar were established in France. The industry temporarily collapsed after Napoleon’s fall but recovered in the 1840s. Beet-sugarproduction then increased rapidly throughout Europe; by 1880 the tonnage had overtaken that of cane sugar. Beet sugar now accounts for almost all sugar production in continental Europe and for almost one-third of total world production. The top 12 sugar-beet producing countries are France, the United States, Russia, Germany, Ukraine,Turkey, Poland, China, Belgium, Egypt, the Netherlands, and Iran.

Cercospora leaf spot

Cercospora leaf spot our most damaging leaf disease of sugarbeet in our area but has not been a problem so far because of cool and dry conditions the past four weeks.  Fields should still be scouted for the next two to three weeks and fungicides applied only if leaf spot symptoms are present and conditions become favorable for disease development.  Growers should be able to reduce production cost by reducing the number of fungicide applications this year without sacrificing yield and quality.

Cercospora leaf spot

Cercospora leaf spot

Cercospora leaf spot

Downy mildew Peronospora farinosa

Plant leaves appear lighter green; small, puckered, thickened leaves; fuzzy gray growth on both leaf surfaces

Cause Fungus Comments Fungus survives in crop residues

over winter to infect new crop.

Management Plant resistant varieties

Symptoms

Pseudomonas syringae

 is a rod-shaped, Gram-negativebacterium with polar flagella. As a plant pathogen, it can infect a wide range of species, and exists as over 50 differentpathovars, all of which are available to researchers from international culture collections such as the NCPPB, ICMP, and others. It is unclear whether these pathovars represent a single species.

Fusarium

is becoming more widespread in the Valley.  Fusarium yellows is characterized by interveinal yellowing and death of older leaves, sometime distinct death of half the leaf on one side of the midrib, followed by death of the younger leaves and vascular discoloration of otherwise healthy looking roots.  The best way to manage Fusarium yellows is to plant tolerant varieties that are high yielding

Sugarbeet Rhizomania

Rhizomania is a plant disease of the Chenopodiaceae family caused by the development of a virus called BNYVV (Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus), which is introduced and transmitted by the soil fungus Polymyxa betae.

Symptoms Patchy yellowing of beet leaves in

the field Long petioles, narrow leaf blade Stunting and development of a root

beard Browning of the vascular bundle

rings after cutting

Rhizomania

Damping off Rhizoctonia solani Phoma betae Pythium ultimumAphanomyces cochlioides

Seedlings collapsing; blackened roots; constriction of plant crown

Cause Fungi

Comments Warm, wet weather favors disease

emergence; beet very susceptible

Management Treat seeds with fungicide prior to

planting; plant in well draining soil; do not plant until soil is sufficiently warm

Symptoms

Scab Streptomyces scabies

Small round spots on roots that enlarge, turn brown and rupture the epidermis; raised corky spots on root surface that are gray, white or tan in color

Cause Bacterium Comments Bacteria survive in soil; disease

emergence favors dry conditions Management Do not plant in soil know to be

infected; avoid crop rotation with potato

Symptoms

Root knot nematode Meloidogyne spp.

Galls on roots which can be up to 3.3 cm (1 in) in diameter but are usually smaller; reduction in plant vigor; yellowing plants which wilt in hot weather

Cause Nematode Comments Galls can appear as quickly as a month prior

to planting; nematodes prefer sandy soils and damage in areas of field or garden with this type of soil is most likely

Management Plant resistant varieties if nematodes are

known to be present in the soil; check roots of plants mid-season or sooner if symptoms indicate nematodes; solarizing soil can reduce nematode populations in the soil and levels of inoculum of many other pathogens

Symptoms