Support and movement.

2ND YEAR (CHAPTER 16)

Support in plants

• Turgor pressure• Lignifies walls• Bundle cap• Large Vacuole• Sclerenchyma and

collenchyma tissues

Sclerenchymatissue• Fibers • Sclerieds • Vessels

Collenchyma tissue

Provides support in young plants

Secondary growth

• Vascular cambium

• Cork cambium

Sap wood heart wood

Callus formationWound healing in plants with the formation of parenchyma cells

Autonomic Movement ( spontaneous movement due to internal causes )

Tactic movement •Photo tactic •Chemotactic

Turgor movement •Sleep movement •Rapid movement of leaflets

Growth movement •Epinasty•Hyponasty•Nutation

Turgor movement Sleep movement in bean plant

Rapid movement in leaflets

paratonic Movement (movement due to external causes )

Tropic movement

•Phototropism•Chemotropism•Geotropism•Hydrotropism•thigmotropism •Chemotactic

Nastic movement

•Nyctinasty ( photonasty and thermonasty) •Hyponastic movement

Venus fly trap. Showing haptonastic movement

Support and movement in animals.

Types • Hydrostatic skeleton• Exoskeleton• Endoskeleton

Hydrostatic skeleton

• Sea anemone

• Earthworm

Exoskeletonof insects and molluscs

Ecdysis or moulting

Endoskeleton

Human skeleton (endoskeleton )

Axial skeleton

Skull

Anterior view of skull

Vertebralcolumn

1. Cervical2. Thoracic3. Lumber4. Pelvic

Ribcage 12 pairs of ribsLast 2 pairs are called floating ribs

Appendicular skeleton

• Pectoral girdle ( fore limbs )

• Pelvic girdle (hind limbs)

Clavicle ScapulaSupra scapula

Forelimb

Pelvic girdle

Hind limb

Foot