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Teaching Teenagers
Bell ThailandMay 2013
David Quartermain
What were you like as a teenager?
rebellious?sullen?fun to teach?
How are you different now?
wiser?more independent?more motivated?
Think of something you were really motivated to do, and that you put a lot of effort into.
What & Why?
What is Motivation ?• In psychology, motivation is the driving
force (desire) behind all actions of an organism.
• Motivation is goal-directed behaviour.
• A student’s willingness, need, desire and compulsion to participate in, and be successful in, the learning process.
What is Motivation ?
Intrinsic Motivation: This is caused by factors within the student. For example, a person might be motivated simply because they enjoy the learning process, because they are naturally competitive, or because they desire the praise and satisfaction of doing something well. The teacher can do a lot to increase or reduce a student’s intrinsic motivation
What is Motivation ?
Extrinsic Motivation: This is shaped by factors outside the individual. For example the student might be motivated by the need to get a job, pass an exam, study overseas or to please his/her parents
What is Motivation ?
Short Term / Long Term
So why are so many teenagers un-motivated ?
Lack of personal involvement
Irrelevant to life now
No understanding of how it may impact their future
Too self-conscious
Experience of failure
Why is an un-motivated student a problem?
Reluctant to participateShort attention spanDisruptive behaviourNegative effect on peers
Reflects poorly on teacher!
What is a Motivated Learner ?
• Looks Interested• Keen to participate• Asks Questions• Takes the initiative• Works with pride
So how do I get from….
to…
Learning is not a spectator sportLearning is an activity – not a supine position
The teacher dominates the classroom
The classroom is student-centred
Teacher-dominated to student-centred
The teacher…
Explains the new languageAsks questionsDecides who answersSets the activitySays what is right and wrong
The students…
Listen to the teacherRead the bookWork aloneAnswer the questionsAre correctedWait for the break
In a teacher-centered lesson
In a student-centered lesson
The teacher…
Elicits the new languageAsks questionsPrompts studentsMonitors the activityChecks what is right and wrong
The students…
Listen to each otherRead the bookWork togetherAnswer the questionsCorrect each otherWait for the break
Teacher-Dominated / Student-Centred
Some things will be different:
Some things stay the same:e.g. syllabus, language content, coursebook, teacher’s aims….
o what the teacher does o what the students doo interactiono focus of attentiono error correctiono feedback
Teacher-dominated
Student-Centred
Knowledge
Use
Grammar-Translation
Task-Based Learning
Communicative approach
The teacher’s role will change
Controller
Assessor
Resource
Facilitator
Tutor
Pairwork
Groups
Class Mingle
Whole class
Individual work
The student’s role will change
Dictation
Running Dictation
Choral Drilling
Group Discussion
Controlled practice
Freer practice
Class Survey
Accuracy
Fluency
The activities will change
Project Work
Student-centred
This means:Students are a resource
Learning links to experienceLanguage is relevant
Peer work takes placeLanguage is used
Skills are integratedIt’s more interesting
Motivation is increased
…learning can take place
Adapting classroom management
Elicit from students before telling themElicit from students before telling themStudents work in pairs before and after activitiesStudents work in pairs before and after activities
Students can nominate who answers questionsStudents can nominate who answers questions
Students work in groups during activitiesStudents work in groups during activities
Students can give feedback as well as the teacherStudents can give feedback as well as the teacher
For example…
Student-Centred Classroom
“I know I cannot teach anyone anything. I can only provide an environment
in which he (or she) can learn.”
Carl Rogers (1965, p. 389) ‘Client-Centred Therapy’ (Houghton Mifflin)
http://school.discoveryeducation.com/
Across Down2. man's best friend 1. we get wool from this 4. black and white animal from China 3. tall animal with long neck 6. big animal with a trunk 5. miaow
Real-world English
A long time ago, there was apoor man in a small village.He had an orange tree in hisgarden. One day, he foundone of his oranges was muchbigger than the others. It wasas big as a football. The poorman took the orange to theking.
Students may be too shy to speak English
“In personalized learning, learners are given space to bring their own experiences, attitudes, and feelings into the learning process. Learning is thus made more meaningful and real, and learners are able to make systematic connections between their own lives and the life of the classroom.
When learning is personalized, content is processed more deeply, and learner independence and autonomy are fostered.”
Dr David Nunan
What’s the solution? choice of topic
sport music family their pet food
What’s the solution? preparation time
What’s the solution?
use a model
A: Dzien dobry Jak sie masz?
B: Dobrze
What’s the solution?
group practice first
What’s the solution?
error correction
self-correction peer correction correct individually later praise before criticism ignore
Teenagers respond well to visual stimuli
Teaching Speaking
You’re stuck in a desert. Which piece of equipment would you find most useful?
cosmetic mirrorparachute
torch
water
bottleknife
Teaching Speaking
4 6 2 3hamburger Egypt banana students answer apple weather
6 7 4 9Saturday regular tomorrow results pronounce started remember
6 9Motorola possible Saudi another Tokyo customer Manchester
6 4 7 3 1passenger Microsoft already government photograph teacher luckily
1 2Africa unhappy football monument Toyota Lebanon bicycle
5 5 7 9 4 0relative telephone afterwards Nokia unlucky dictionary Mercedes
7 5 8Arabia remember computer language Egyptian opposite hospital
Travel through the maze using only those words with first syllable stress ()
FIN
ISH
Bringing Variety to your Teaching
4 6 2 3hamburger Egypt banana students answer apple weather
6 7 4 9Saturday regular tomorrow results pronounce started remember
6 9Motorola possible Saudi another Tokyo customer Manchester
6 4 7 3 1passenger Microsoft already government photograph teacher luckily
1 2Africa unhappy football monument Toyota Lebanon bicycle
5 5 7 9 4 0relative telephone afterwards Nokia unlucky dictionary Mercedes
7 5 8Arabia remember computer language Egyptian opposite hospital
Travel through the maze using only those words with first syllable stress ()
FIN
ISH
(00-853) 66 55 77 14
Bringing Variety to your Teaching
Bringing Variety to your Teaching
Using movie clips