TECHNICAL

ELECTIVE

CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIETY

CHAPTER 1

It is none governmental organization that establishes and

technical standards for the construction and operation of the

ships and offshore structures.

CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY

ORIGIN OF THE CLASSIFICATION

In the 2nd half of the 18th century, marine insurers

developed a system for the independent inspection of the

hull and equipment of ships presented to them for

insurance cove. At that time, an attempt was made to

“classify” the condition of each ship on annual bases.

KINDS OF CLASSIFICATION

OF SOCIETY

American Bureau of Shipping

Bureau Veritas

China Classification Society

Det Norske Veritas

Germaninter Lloyd

Korean Register of Shipping

Loyd’s Register of Shipping

Maritime Register of Shipping

Nippon Kaiji Kyokai

Registro Italiano Navale

IACS MANAGEMENT

Is the council, which consist of one senior executive from

each member society. The council meets regularly once a

year to conduct the activities of the association.

IACS UNIFIED REQUIREMENTS :

Minimum longitudinal strength standard

Special hull surveys of oil tankers

Loading guidance information

Use of steel grades for various hull members

Hull and machinery steel casting

Gas and chemical tankers

Hull damages

Inland waterways vessels

Marine pollution

Materials and welding

Mooring and anchoring

Pipes and pressure vessels

Strength of ships

Subdivision, stability, and load lines

Survey, reporting, and certifications

ICAS RELATIONSHIPS WITH IMO :

International Marine Insurers

International Chamber of

Shipping

Oil Companies International

Marine Forum

Society of International Gas

Tankers and Terminal Operator

Ltd.

International Standardization

Organization

Economic Commission for

Europe

THE FUNCTION OF

CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIETY

To assign a class notation

Malignance of class

Relevant research work

Statutory surveys (Marine Administration)

Charter Surveys

Profitability advise (to owner)

Development of computer software

Set up worldwide networks

certification

VESSEL ASSIGNMENT OF CLASS

Class is a sign to a ship upon the completion of a

satisfactory survey, held to verify that is in compliance with

relevant of the society.

ASSIGNMENT GIVEN IN FOLLOWING CASES:

On completion of the new building, after satisfactory

survey has been performed.

On completion on a satisfactory of an existing ship

carried out in accordance with the agreement develop by

IACS members societies transferring class between

members

On completion on a satisfactory specific class survey on

an existing not class with IACS Societies, or not class at

all.

VESSEL MAINTENANCE OF CLASS

The survey is including the class renewal (also called

“special survey”, intermediate survey, annual,

bottom/docking survey)

Hull

Tail shaft survey

Boiler survey

Machineries survey

VESSEL SUSPENSION OF CLASS

When a ship is not operated in compliance with roles

requirements.

When a ship proceed to sea with less freeboard than that

assigned.

When the ship fails to request a survey after having

detected defects or damages affecting the class.

When repairs, altering or conversion affecting the class

are carried out without requesting the attendance of the

surveyor.

WITHDRAWAL OF CLASS

Request by the owner .

They have been suspended for more than six months .

The ship is reported as a constructive total loss and

owner does advise his intention for repair re-instatement

of the class.

The ship is reported lost.

The ship will not trade further as declared by its owner.

CHAPTER IIHULL DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND

MATERIAL

DIFFERENT SHIP’S HULL DESIGNED

Flat or box type

V type

U type

Prism type

Frame

Plate floor or Floor

plate

Flange bracket

Side girder

Keel plate

DIFFERENT COMPONENTS

A. FRAMES

It is the steel runs longitudinally or transversely

throughout the hull structure. Frames are welded to the

sides of the hull.

B. PLATE FLOOR

A steel plate which is welded to the floor of the hull. Plate

floor run longitudinally throughout the hull floor.

C. FLANGE BRACKET

triangular shaped iron brackets that are welded where the

two frames meet. They are attaching to the margin plates

to resist excessive bending stress.

D. SIDE GIRDERS

inter coastal plates that are used to join two floor plates.

D. KEEL PLATE

are used to join floor plates to the keel of the ship

HULL

is known as the foundation of the ship.

is one part of the ship that requires extra concern

during design and construction.

METHODS FOR HULL

CONSTRUCTION

A. Transverse System

closely spaced transverse frames to hold the planks

together so that the seams could be caulked. It provides

considerable transverse strength to resist the racking

stress. Mostly for small ship and sailing ships.

B. Longitudinal Framing

has longitudinal frame at the bottom, sides and decks,

supported by widely spaced transverse web. Strong

longitudinal strength resist hogging and sagging for long

ships.

A. Fiber Glass use Matrix

is a lightweight, extremely strong, and robust material

uses of fiberglass include high performance aircraft

(gliders), boats, baths, hot tubes, water tanks, roofing,

pipes, cladding, cast, surfboard, and external door skins .

B. Wood use Matrix

is a tool that summarizes the current best practices in the

used of wood building materials and systems for various

building elements of wide variety building type.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF MATRIX

C. Steel Use Matrix

Matrix composites are either in use or prototyping for the

space shuttle, commercial airliners, electronics

substrates, bicycles, golf clubs, and variety of other

applications.

Metal matrix is composite material with at least two

constituent parts, one being a metal.

D. Aluminum Use Matrix

Aluminum is the most popular matrix for the metal matrix

composite (MMCs).

A growing number of application require the matrix

properties of super alloy, titanium, copper, magnesium, or

iron.

D. Ferro Cement Use Matrix

is a method of constructing a steel matrix of varying gage

wire into structural fabric which is then cemented with an

approximate thickness of one inch of cement.

TECHNIQUES AND METHODS OF AN

INSPECTION PROCESS

A. Long Range Ultrasonic Testing

is traditionally used to detect corrosion, erosion and other

defects in pipe-work.

it allows for tents of meters of pipelines to be

simultaneously assessed for internal and external

corrosion, in either direction, from single location achieving

complete coverage of the pipe wall.

B. Eddy Current Inspection

are a fast, sensitive, reliable methods for weld operatedequipment means most test location can be easilyaccessed, including sub-sea applications.

Eddy Current Inspection Techniques :

Without disturbing the insulation or coating

When insulation is aluminum, stainless steel or low alloysteel clad

While is in operation

When equipment is hot <500deg C or cold> -100deg C

When insulation is wet

When object surface is rough or encrusted

When insulation is rough or heterogeneous

When insulation is wire mesh reinforced

C. IRATA Rope Access

are similar to arrest techniques, in which full body

harness and twin ropes are used to gain access to

elevate worksite .

D. Ultrasonic Time of Diffraction

used examine welds in pressure vessels and pipe work

ToFD can be employed to carry out corrosion mapping

on pressure vessels and pipe work.

E. Rapid Ultrasonic B-Scan Inspection

used for real time detection of internal corrosion,

lamination, plate inclusions, blister and general wall

thickness loss of ferrous and non-ferrous materials.

F. Online & Offline Inspections

online Inspection typically consist of ultrasonic shell

crawler runs, and ultrasonic roof measurements while

Offline inspection consist of (Magnetic flux Leakage) of

the tank bottom plates.

G. Acoustic Emission Testing

is a non-intrusive inspection evaluation method for

assessing/monitor pressure system such as spheres and

tank floors for corrosion and structure defects.

PROPULSION AND SUPPORT SYSTEM

CHAPTER III

SAILING

is the source of power of the ship.

Provides the motives power of sailing craft; they convert

the pressure of the wind into forward motion of the hull.

TYPES OF SAILING :

Studding Sail

Lower and Top Sail

Top Gallant Sail

PROPULSION

is means of creating force leading to movement.

has a source of mechanical power, and some means

of using this power to generate force such as:

Wheel and Axles

Propellers

Propulsive Nozzle

Wings

Fins or Legs

POWERED ENGINE PROPULSION

SYSTEM

involves ensuring that the vessel attains the required

speeds. The hull form is such that it economically offers a

minimum resistance to motion so that a minimum power

with economically lightest machinery is installed without

losing the specified cargo capacity.

the mechanism or system to generate thrust to move a

ship or boat across water.

Categories of Marine Propulsion :

Marine Propulsion of engine

Marine Propulsion of Nuclear Power

Marine Propulsion of Water

Marine Propulsion of Wind

MARINE PROPULSION

were the first mechanical engines used in marine

propulsion, but have mostly been replaced by two-stroke

or four-stroke , diesel engines, out board motors and gas

turbine engine on faster ships nuclear reactors producing

steam are used on submarines and electric boats and

have been proposed for energy-efficient propulsion .

STEAM ENGINE

CATEGORIES OF MARINE PROPULSION

A. Marine Propulsion of Engine

is the mechanism or system used moved a vessel.

B. Marine Propulsion of Nuclear Power

propulsion of a ship by nuclear reactor were it produces

steam are used to propel warship.

C. Marine Propulsion of Water

a propulsion unit adopted to be pivotally mounted on

the transom of a boat for pivotal movement relative to

the transom about generally vertical steering axis and

about generally horizontal tilt axis.

D. Marine Propulsion of Wind

the motive power of sailing craft. They convert the

pressure of the wind into forward motion of the hull .

THE IMPORTANCE OF NAVIGATION ,COMMUNICATION , FRESH WATER , WASTE DISPOSAL ,RUNNING RIGGING, ELECTRICAL, FUEL SYSTEM AND

SAFETY SYSTEM

NAVIGATION

is a field of study that focuses on the process of

monitoring and controlling the movement a craft or from

place to another.

FIELD OF NAVIGATION :

Land Navigation

Marine Navigation

Aeronautic Navigation

Space Navigation

IMPORTANCE OF NAVIGATION

Boats and ships are required to lights known as Marine

Navigation lightings, form a very important part of a

marine navigation systems. It does not have any

lightning system, making it all the more important to have

more navigation lightning system on ship and boats.

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION

Maritime must be able to communicate with other ships

regardless of the size or originating country. Today’s

mariners must be able to receive as well as send

important maritime information regarding safety either to

other ships or back to shore.

IMPORTANCE OF FRESH WATER

is generally produce on board using the evaporation

method. There are two things that are available in

plenty to produce fresh water-seawater and heat.

IMPORTANCE OF WASTE DISPOSAL

Pollution in the world’s ocean causes a significant threat

to life and is recognized as one of our highest

environmental concerns. While there are many sources

of marine pollution, one concern is ship-generated

waste. Depending on the nature of waste, international

regulations determine whether it may be discharged into

the ocean or disposed of on land once the ship come

into port.

IMPORTANCE OF RUNNING RIGGING

To keep your boat sailing smoothly and efficiently is

important to pay great attention to your running

rigging. It is the moving parts in the primary engine in

your boat.

IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICAL

Prime over start up

Synchronizing of incoming machine with bus bars

Load sharing between alternators

Safety and operational checks on power supply and

equipment in operation

Unloading, stopping and returning to standby of

surplus machine

Preferential tripping of none-essential loads under

emergency conditions and their reinstating when

acceptable

IMPORTANCE OF FUEL SYSTEM

Helps in providing the accurate amount of fuel oil burn at

any particular vessel speed or rpm. This helps crew to

continuously measure and monitor the fuel, an extremely

important aspect when the ship as sailing.

IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY SYSTEM

To prevent human injury or loss of life, and avoid

damage to the environment, in particular, the marine

environment, and to property.

BUSINESS, PROFFESIONAL, AND LEGAL CONSIDERATION OF MARINE SURVEYING

CHAPTER IV

MARINE SURVEYING

is described also as a business in which all

considerable elements that governed surveying that

brought into a business should be carried on.

CODE OF ETHICS AND PRACTICES

PREAMBLE

Members of the society of Accredited Marine Surveyor

must be person of integrity, who conduct business in a

professional, ethical manner. Members shall not violet or

attempt to violet the Codes of Ethics and the Rule of

Practice, or knowingly assist or induce to do so. Members

shall be dedicated to the preservation of life and the

marine environment.

STRIVE TO ENHANCE THE

PROFESSION OF MARINE SURVEYING

A. Be competent, prompt, and diligent and demonstrate

respect for the survey profession.

B. Enjoy a favorable reputation within the local business

community

C. Cooperate in developing Marine surveying in

profession by:

Contributing one skill and knowledge to further the profession’s

serving to the public

Exchanging general information with peers and associates

Contributing to the work of ethical societies, regulatory

agencies, and specialized professional education.

MAINTAIN TO ENHANCE THEIR

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND

EXPERTISE

Participate in continuing education as required by the

of the society.

CONDUCT THEIR BUSINESS

IN PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE

Accept only assignment that can be completed with the

professional competence.

Advertized only in a dignified manner, being careful to

avoid misleading statement.

Respect the confidential nature Surveying.

MAINTAIN INDEPENDENCE,

INTEGRITY, AND OBJECTIVITY

When representing the clients; endeavor to facts and

opinions without prejudiced.

Refrain from, suppressing over-emphasizing or

manipulate facts.

Set fees base on works perform for a clients and avoid

any form of compensation that could be perceived as

corrupting judgement.

AVOID PREJUDICED AND CONFLICT OF

INTEREST

Avoid assignments that could create a conflict of interest.

Inform the client of any business connection.

Accept compensation from more than only with the full

knowledge of the interested parties.

Not make false, misleading, deceptive or unfair

statement concerning members surveyors or the

surveyor services, qualification and integrity.

CONCEPT ABOUT BUSINESS

PROFESSIONAL AND LEGAL

CONSIDERATION TO ONES GROUP

Business consideration play a crucial role in deciding

which form of organization is best for your enterprise.

Balance the tax benefits of incorporating with various

business and legal needs. In corporation, limited liability

companies, and limited partnerships, shareholders are

separate from management.

BUSINESS ETHICS

are ethics refer to the moral rules and regulation

governing the business worlds, they are the moral

values that guide the way corporation or other

business makes decision.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT BUSINESS

ETHICS

Honesty

Objectivity

Integrity

Carefulness

Openness

Respect for intellectual property

Confidentiality

Responsible publication

Responsible for colleagues

Social responsibility

None discrimination

competence

Legally and Human

subjects protection

VALUES AND ETHICS

Our approach is cooperate responsibility is grounded in

the shared values . Our values haven been strength of

a company for generation . The words have been

involved, but the sentiment and meaning remain

constant. They are :

Put clients first

Collaborate

Be passionate

Be accountable

Act with integrity

Put client first

It focuses the clients success

It respond the clients quickly

It creates solution for tomorrow

Collaborate

We work inclusively, treating fellow employees with

dignity and respect

We work collaboratively with each and our clients

We embrace divers viewpoint

We supports our communities

Be passionate

We act with a sense of urgency

We drive a result and celebrate success

We accelerate innovation to deliver unique value

Be accountable

We deliver on our promises and commitments

We set challenges goals, measure outcomes and reward

success

Act with integrity

We care

We do the right things

We the consequences to our actions

ETHICS

We all makes ethical decision everyday. Our approach

clear guidance about our expectation as well as practical

resources to help employees gear their action both in

inside and outside the workplace to reflect the policy and

guidelines. When there is how to proceed, there is always

somewhere to go to support and assistance.

SURVEY AND SURVEY REPORTS

CHAPTER V

SURVEY

To examine or consider in detail or comprehensively and or

to determine the location, form and boundaries.

Surveys can be divided into two categories:

A. Questionnaire

are usually paper and pencil instrument that the

respondent complete.

B. Interview

are completed by the interviewer base on the respondent

says.

DIFFERENT RULES REQUIRES THE FOLLOWING

SURVEYS:

Periodical Special Surveys

First Periodical Survey

Subsequent Special Surveys

Surveys after 10 years

Surveys after 20 years

Survey of Repairs

Annual Survey

Docking Survey

Occasional Surveys

Continuous Surveys

- is the main body of the ship that is composed by the

following:

Frames (Longitudinal and transverse )

Girders

Keel

Shell Plating and etc.

HULL

PARTS OF HULL

A. Container Type Vessel

Web beams at hatch end

Cantilever frames and intervals

Passageway

Side way

Web tanks

B. Bulk Carrier

Topside tank

Web at intervals

Air holes

Frames

Double bottom

C. Liquid Gas Carrier

Supports in way of web

Upper tank

Insulation

Webs at interval

Lower tank

D. Ore Carrier

Double bottom tank

Side tank

Center hold

Wing tank

frames

E. Large Tanker

Wing tank

Stringer

Side girder

Longitudinal bulkhead

Center tank

Cross tie

Center girder

CORROSION

Metal posses the characteristics of disintegrating back to

their natural state . It is the gradual destruction of materials

(usually metals) by chemical reaction with their

environment.

Basic Components of Corrosion :

Anode

Cathode

Electrolyte bath

C. Galvanic Corrosion

Corrosion that occurs when two or more dissimilar metals

are place in unprotected contact or close proximity.

Accelerated decay from electric currents artificially endued

into the hull from extraneous source.

E. Paint and painting

- is made of two principles :

The pigment

The vehicles

TYPE OF CORROSION

A. Crevice Corrosion

has its inception in tight seams,

in narrow crevices, silvers or in

other tight places.

B. Pitting Corrosion

can be the most aggravating

type of corrosion if it is allowed to

start.

A. Pigment of Paint

defined as the minute particles of insoluble solids that

form the body of the paint and remain as hard opaque

surface after the liquid or vehicles has evaporated or

deteriorated.

B. Vehicle of Paint

is the liquid content which act as a binding agent between

the minute particles of pigment, holding them together as

well as to the surface of an object.

5 types of Pigments :

Red Leads

Litharge

Fume red lead

White leads

Zinc oxide

TYPES OF PIGMENTS

A. Red Lead

is made from metallic lead, by burning process.

B. Litharge

another form red oxide which is made up in the same

process but at different temperature.

C. Fume Red Lead

is a compound of extremely fine particles developed from

metallic lead by the heat and oxygen process used in

making regular red lead, but it is distilled instead of

burned.

D. White Leads

is made up of two separate processes; in the first,

metallic is corroded by acetic acid forming whitish

flakes, which is later ground to a fine powder. The

second process of making white lead sulphide ore by

the sublimation process.

E. Zinc Oxide

is a compound of zinc and oxygen, and is finest of all

white pigments.

EQUIPMENT USED FOR HULL

MAINTENANCE

Sand Blast Equipment

includes sand that is drawn from the tank equipped

with flow and pressure controls or sand is packed

up from an open container such as a bucket or tub

and then blasted.

Equipment and Accessories used

for Sandblasting :

Sand as required

Hose as required

Nozzle as required

Tank or container

Compressor as required

Face Mask or Goggle as required

SHIPS BOLIER DETAILS

& MAINTENANCE

Boiler

is a tank turning water to steam for heat or power.

it transfer the energy in fuel to useful work output.

TYPES OF BOILER

A. Scotch Boiler & Leg type

Boiler

have horizontal tubes.

B. Vertical Boiler

the tubes are installed in a

vertical position and the

combustion gases, after

passing through them, go

directly up the stack.

C. Fire Tube Boiler

is the earliest practical boiler, the essential characteristics

of fire tube boiler is that the products of combustion pass

through inside of the tube, with the outside of the tubes

being surrounded by water.

Advantages of Fire Tube Boiler:

They contain a large amount of water, so do not require

exacting supervision as regards water level.

The fire tube boiler can use impure water without serious

damage.

Their first cot is relatively low.

They are easily accessible for maintenance.

Because fire is on the inside of boiler and is surrounded by

water radiation losses are lower.

Disadvantages of Fire Tube Boiler:

Because they contain a large water, they require a long

interval of time to raise steam and are not so flexible as

regards change in steam demand.

They are more susceptible to explosion, and in such a

case, the large volume of escaping water flashing into

steam upon reaching the atmosphere might cause serious

damage to personnel.

Disadvantages of Fire Tube Boiler:

High steam pressure would require extremely thick boiler

plate, and those fire tube boiler are not usually capable of

producing steam at high pressure and temperature.

They require large containers in the fire room.

Typical efficiency is less than that of water tube boiler.

D. Water Tube Boiler

where is contain within the tubes with products of

combustion passing around outside of the tubes.

Advantages of Water Tube Boiler:

They can produce steam at high pressure and

temperature.

They are very flexible as regards changes in steam

demand because of their small volume of water.

Permit used of heat-reclaiming devices, and so are very

efficient.

Steam pressure can be raised in a relatively short time.

They are not liable to explosion.

They are assemble in the fire room, and so large

entrances into the fire room are not required.

Disadvantages of Water Tube Boiler:

They must use pure water.

They must receive constant supervision as regards both

water level and steam pressure.

Boiler must be heavily insulated to minimize radiation

losses.

To make repair on tubes, boilers must be emptied.

First cost higher than that of scotch boilers.

DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN

BOILER TESTING

A. Riveting

is a method of joining metal plates.

B. Longitudinal joint

is a connection between two shell plates made in such a

way that the seams is parallel to the axis of the shell.

C. Circumferential

joint is a connection between two shell plates made in

such a way that the seams is perpendicular to the axis of

the shell.

D. Lap joint

is a connection made between two pieces of metal by

lapping the two ends to be joints, one over the other, and

then securing the ends by bolting riveting, or welding.

E. Butt joint

is a connection made between two pieces of metal by

butting the two pieces together.

F. Chain riveting

is a type of rivet spacing in which the rivets are arranged in

a square or rectangular pattern.

G. Staggered riveting

is the distance between adjacent rivets in any row.

BOILER MAINTENANCE IMPORTANT

FACTORS

Prevention of casing leaks

Maintenance of tubes

How to plug tubes

Renewal of tubes in water tube boiler

Procedure in expanding tubes

Cracked tube plate

Repairs to boiler plate

Leaking rivet

Crack around rivet holes

Pits in boiler plate

Precaution regarding accidents and repairs

Repairs to main steam line

Washing and cleaning boilers

MARINE TRANSPORT INDUSTRY

CHAPTER VI

MAJOR GROUP OF TRANSPORTATION

INDUSTRY

A. Shipping company

the common services that that the shipping performs

are – warehousing , overseas removal ,shipping vehicles

and containers overseas ,freight forwarding and so on.

B. Passenger Transport

Operates on the intra city, suburban, intercity, and

international levels. Passenger traffic is described in term

of the number of passenger carried and the total volume

of passenger-kilometers, that is the product of the number

of passenger and distance travelled.

C. Manufacturing Segment

is the production of goods for use or sale using labor

and machine, tools, chemicals and biological processing,

or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human

activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is of most

commonly applied to industrial production.

MARITIME GEOGRAPHY

Latitude and longitude

Time and tides

Weather

Waterways

Brown water

Green water

Blue water

TERMINOLOGY USED IN SHIPPING

INDUSTRY

Anchorage

Apron

Backhaul

Barge

Berth

Bill of lading

Bollard

Bulk cargo

Bulkhead

Buoys

Dead weight Tonnage

Deck Barge

Launch service

Less than container load

Length over all

Lift on-lift off

Less than truckload

Longshoremen

Free on board

MARINE CHARTERING

AND

INSURANCE

CHAPTER VII

THE SCOPE TO MAJOR MARKET

Demand states and marketing task *1 :

Negative demand a major part of the market dislike the

product and may even pay a price to avoid it-vaccinations,

dental work, and gallbladder operations, for instance the

employers have a negative demand for ex-convicts and

alcoholics as employees. The marketing task is to analyze

why the market dislike the product and whether the

marketing program consisting of product design, lower

prizes, and more positive promotion can change belief

and attitude.

Demand state and marketing * 2 :

No demand target consumer may be unaware of or

uninterested in the product. Farmers may not be interested

in a new farming methods, and college students may not

be interested in foreign-language courses. The marketing

task is not find ways to connect the benefits of the products

with people’s natural needs and interest.

THE FUNCTION OF SHIP – OWNERS, OPERATORS ,CHARTERS & BROKERS

A. Ship-owner

is a registered or legal owner of the ship, who promise to

undertake the carriage of a large quantity of goods on a

named vessel against remuneration for one or more

voyage between named ports.

B. Operator

the company responsible for the commercial decisions

concerning the employment of a ship and therefore who

decides how and where the asset is employed.

C. Charter

is a contract between the owner of the vessel and the

charterer for the use of the vessel.

Types of Charter :

Voyage Charter

A contract of Affreightment

Time Charter

Bareboats Charter or demised charter

D. Brokers

a person who is an expert in negotiating between the

ship-owner and the charterer about the shipment of

cargoes and the fixture of the vessel.

THE CONCEPTS OF MARINE

INSURANCE CONTRACTS

Marine insurance

it covers the loss or damage of ships, cargo, terminals,

and any transport or cargo by which property is

transferred, acquired, or held between the points of

origin and final destination.

Branches of marine insurance :

A. Ocean Marine Insurance

covers the perils of the sea.

B. Inland Marine Insurance

is related to the inland risks on the land.

PRINCIPLES OF MARINE

INSURANCE

Utmost good faith

Insurable Interest

Indemnity

Cause Proxima

THREE INSURANCE OF PROPERTY IN

MARINE INSURANCE

A. Hull insurance

B. Cargo insurance

C. Freight insurance

ESSENTIAL OF THE VALID MARINE

INSURANCE CONTRACT

Contract of Indemnity

Insurable Interest

Fair dealing

Seaworthiness

None Deviation

Legality of Venture

Condition of Cargo

General consideration

THANK YOU !