THE CHURCH’S AUTHORITY GROWS

THE CHURCH’SAUTHORITY GROWS

Jamaica C. Olazo

GROWING RELIGIOUS VITALITY• Call for greater spiritual

devotion among the clergy;

GROWING RELIGIOUS VITALITY• Popes sought to prevent lords

and kings from interfering with church affairs;

• Tried to ensure that Christians lived in accordance with church teachings.

THECHURCH’S POLITICAL

INVOLVEMENTS

BRINGCALLS FOR

REFORM

PAPACY = POLITICAL PRICE

Benedictine Monks

Founded in 910 Demanded that clergymen live strict and holy lives.

of the French abbey of Cluny

SERIOUS-MINDED CLERGY

Benedictine Monksof the French abbey of Cluny

Cluniac Monks

SERIOUS-MINDED CLERGY

Demanded that the clergy not be allowed to buy their positions in the Church.

They tried to free their monasteries from the control of lords.

GROUP OF LEADING CLERGYMEN

Cardinals

GROUP OF LEADING CLERGYMEN

Responsible for choosing the Pope.

THE POPE ANDTHE HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR CLASH

Pope Gregory VIIThe most zealous supporter of reform who became the pope in 1073.

HILDEBRAND, Benedictine Monk

Pope’s Mission: Establish a Christian society on earth

Demanded that the Holy Roman Emperor submit to papal authority


Church Theory:Both Emperor and Pope were chosen by God

Emperors, therefore, were expected to rule in accordance with Christian principles and to follow the Pope’s advice.


The Pope“Spiritual leader of the Christian World”or in layman’s termThe Head of the Church


- a summary of the principles of Christian religion in the form of

questions and answers, used for the

instruction of Christians.

CATECHISM

Pope: Head of the Church

The Catechism claims that:

"The Pope enjoys, by divine institution, supreme, full, immediate, and universal power in the care of souls.“Pg. 246, #937

"For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church..." Ephesians 5:23

HENRY IV VS GREGORY VII

“Only the church had the power to appoint bishops.”

“I don’t agree with your idea! I neglect such claim!”

HENRY IV VS GREGORY VII

“As Pope, I could have remove you

from the throne!.”

“You cannotcontrol me!”

“I declare Henry deprived of his kingdom in Germany & Italy because he has rebelled

against the church.”

Henry journeyed to Italy in January, 1077 in hope to persuade Gregory to lift the ban of

excommunication.

Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, was a strong ally of the

Pope.

This picture shows her mediating

between Henry IV and Gregory VII at

their famous meeting at Canossa.

CHURCH AND STATE REACH A COMPROMISE

HENRY VThe church and a new Roman

Emperorreached a

compromise at the City of

Wormzin Germany.

CONCORDAT OF WORMS

Recognized that Bishops were both spiritual leaders and feudal landlords.

Bishops are also the monarch’s vassal.

FREDERICK BARBAROSSA(ROMAN EMPEROR FREDERICK I)

Made six (6) military expedition to Italy trying

to assert his authority over the Italian city-

states.

Aided by the Pope, the cities managed to resist

Frederick’s army.

RED BEARD

THE PAPACY REACHES THE HEIGHT OF ITS

POWER

PAPAL POWER UNDER INNOCENT III

The Pope is

“lower than God but

higher than man…

Judges all and is judged by no one.”1198-1216

The Pope: Vicar of Christ?

"For the Roman Pontiff, by reason of his office as Vicar of Christ, and as pastor of the entire Church has full, supreme, and universal power over the whole Church, a power which he can always exercise unhindered." Pg. 234, #882

"The Roman Pontiff... as supreme pastor and teacher of all the faithful..." Pg. 235, #891

The Pope: Vicar of Christ?"But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you.“John 14:26

"Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth..." John 16:13


"For what man knoweth the things of a man, save the spirit of man which is in him? even so the things of God knoweth no man, but the Spirit of God." 1 Corinthians 2:11

The Apostle Paul reiterates that the Holy Spirit of God, not a man, is the infallible teacher of all true Christians:


"Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but THE SPIRIT WHICH IS OF GOD; that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God. Which things also we speak, not in the words which man' s wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Ghost teacheth..." 1 Corinthians 2:12-13

SIMILARITIES?While on earth, Jesus

never controlled great wealth. The pope controls one of the wealthiest corporations in the world.

Jesus dressed like a common man. The pope, on the other hand, is never seen in anything but regal apparel.

SIMILARITIES?Jesus lived in simple

surroundings, but the pope views opulence at every turn.

Jesus tirelessly served the multitudes, while the pope travels the world on his private jet, meeting with world leaders from every nation.

Should popes accept the worship of

multitudes? Look how Peter reacted when Cornelius tried to

worship him"And as Peter was coming in, Cornelius met him, and fell down at his feet, and worshipped him. But Peter took him up, saying, Stand up; I myself also am a man." Acts 10:25-26

"...call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven."

Matthew 23:9

"I am the LORD: that is my name: and my

glory will I not give to another..." Isaiah 42:8

It is not wise to assume a name reserved for God

KING JOHNOF

ENGLANDIgnored the Pope’s wishes, Innocent excommunicate

John and issued an order that in effect

closed the churches of

England.

CRIMES AGAINST THE CHURCH ARE

PUNISHED

HERESY(HEHR-UH-SEE)

The holding of beliefs that the

church considered wrong.

-considered the greatest crime in the Middle Ages.

HERETICS

-are those people declared guilty of heresy- Committed treason against God according to the church.

EXCOMMUNICATED PERSON

• Expelled from the church

• Denied the sacraments

• Lived without the fellowship of friends

• Died without the fellowship of friends

• Died without the comfort of a priest

• Denied WITHOUT HOPE OF SALVATION

SALVATION THROUGH THE CHURCH?

"The Second Vatican Council's Decree on

Ecumenism explains: 'For it is through

Christ's Catholic Church alone, which is the

universal help toward salvation, that the

fullness of the means of salvation can be

obtained.'“Pg. 215, #816

Popes have taught this doctrine, as have previous catechisms and church fathers.

Here is but one example…On May 7, 2001, Pope John Paul II told 2,000 youth gathered at the Greek-Melkite Cathedral of Damascus that "you cannot be a Christian if you reject the Church founded on Jesus Christ."1


"For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.“

Romans 10:13Jesus preached:"He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life…" John 5:24

"He that believeth on me hath everlasting life." John 6:47


The Apostle Paul gives step by step instructions on how to be saved:

"That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart

that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. For with the heart man

believeth unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation."

Romans 10:9-10


No church can offer salvation.Only Jesus can:

"Neither is there salvation in any other (except Jesus): for there is none other

name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved."

Acts 4:10, 12

The burning of the heretics in 1210,in the presence of King Philip II Augustus.

PETER WALDO

• WALDENSES- Followers of Peter

Waldo, a rich merchant who gave away his property to the poor in 1170.

- Preached the Gospel in the language of the people rather than in Latin.

- They accused the clergy of leading immoral lives.

BIBLE BELIEVING WALDENSES

SAINT DOMINIC BURNING THE BOOKS OF THE ALBIGENSIANS

ALBIGENSIANSThey taught that anything physical or material was evil and refused to believed that Jesus could have taken a human form.

Pope Innocent III excommunicating the Albigensians (left), Massacre against the Albigensians by the

crusaders.

A merciless war to destroy the Albigensians went on for more than twenty years.

a period of prolonged and intensive questioning or

investigation.

POPE GREGORY IXTHE

INQUISITION PUNISHES

HERESY

FRANCISCANS & DOMINICANS

RELIGIOUS ORDERS ARE

FORMED

TWO ORDERS OF FRIARS

Friars were monks who did not live in monasteries, but wandered among the people, preaching and doing good

works.

FRANCISCANS-named after their founders, Saint

Francis of Asisi (1182-1226)

Preaching Friars who included some of the leading teachers of religion in medieval universities.

DOMINICANS-Founded by Saint Dominic

(1170-1221), a Spanish nobleman.

CHRISTIAN EUROPE

EXPANDS

Christians wage Holy wars against the Muslims in Spain and in the Holy Land

PALESTINE

POPE CALLS FOR A

CRUSADE

Appealed to the lords and knights of Europe to

liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims.

He wanted Jerusalem to be

in Christian Hands.

POPE URBAN II

THE FOUR MAJOR CRUSADES

The word crusade

comes from the Latin word crux, meaning

“cross”.The crusaders – those who “took the cross” –

sewed the symbol of the cross on their

outer garments.

Education

THE CHURCH’S AUTHORITY GROWS