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Events leading to the Civil War, from the Compromise of 1850 to the election of Abraham Lincoln and the secession of the Southern states
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Evaluate the relative importance of political events and
issues that divided the nation and led to civil war,
including the compromises reached to maintain the
balance of free and slave states, the abolitionist
movement, the Dred Scott case, conflicting views on
states’ rights and federal authority, the emergence of
the Republican Party, and the formation of the
Confederate States of America.
For the North:
1.For the South:
2.The New Mexico Territory:
3.
4.
Slavery in Washington, DC:
5.
Fugitive Slave Law
Abolish in Washington, D.C.
in Mexican Cession
sells land / Federal Gov. assumes debt
Admit as a
1850 1860
The Compromise of 1850 was supposed to be the final compromise between the sections…
and it was – just for different reasons than Clay had intended.
Passed by Wisconsin and other Northern states
– Guaranteed jury trials for accused slaves
De facto Nullification
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s bestselling anti-slavery novel (1852)
Original Illustrations: http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/uncletom/illustra/53illf.html
Stowe
1852 Presidential Election
1852 18601856
Franklin Pierce(D-NH)Fourteenth President of the U.S.1853-1857
“Handsome Frank”
Mexican War Veteran
Kansas-Nebraska Act
“Doughface” (Pro-Southern)
NOT RENOMINATED“There's nothing left to do but get drunk."
http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/fp14.html
POPULAR
SOVEREIGNTY
In Kansas and Nebraska Territories on the issue of slavery
ANIMATED MAP:http://teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
“Bleeding Kansas”
“Race to Kansas”
– Proslavery vs. Antislavery
– “Border Ruffians” (from MO)
– N.E. Immigrant Aid Society
• Beecher’s Bibles
ANIMATED MAP:http://teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/
1855-185956 Dead
“Beecher’s Bibles”
New England Emigrant Aid Society
"He (Henry W. Beecher) believed that the Sharps Rifle was a truly moral agency, and that there was more moral power in one of those instruments, so far as the slaveholders of Kansas were concerned, than in a hundred Bibles. You might just as well. . . read the Bible to Buffaloes as to [pro-slavery settlers]; but they have a supreme respect for the logic that is embodied in Sharp's rifle.”
New York Tribune, 2/8/1856 Rev. Henry Ward Beecher (H.B. Stowe’s relative)
Lawrence, KS, after the “Sack of Lawrence” by proslavery settlers
“Bleeding Kansas”1855-1859
56 Dead
– Abolitionist
– Pottawatomie Creek Massacre
John Steuart Curry, “Tragic Prelude,” 1937-1941
LecomptonProslavery
TopekaAntislavery
Republican PartyWhig Party(1832-1854)
• No longer viable after 1852 election
• SPLIT: Northern Whigs and Southern Whigs
Republican Party (1854-Present)
• Free Soil
– NOT abolitionist• (although abolitionists supported
the Republican Party)
• New England and “Northwest” power base
Northern Whigs + Northern Free Soil Democrats
FAIL
“The Crime Against Kansas”
Charles SumnerUS Senator (Mass.)
Document 6.5
CHIVALRY
DON QUIXOTE
Chivalry
Brooks/Sumner Incident
Sen. Charles Sumner (MA)Rep. Preston Brooks (SC)
READ Sumner’s Speech READ Brooks’ Defense
Nativism = Anti-Immigration
Anti-Catholic violence
St. Augustine’s Church on Fire
The American Party“Know Nothings”
CATHOLICS
IMMIGRANTSNOTE: Antebellum immigrants were mostly from Germany and Ireland.
“I know nothing…”
NATIVISM
“Citizen Know Nothing”
Ted Nugent: A Real AmericanClick for Article
A Mascot for the Movement
1856 Presidential Election
1852 18601856
Oh! Brother Beecher! Our Kansas Gun has bursted and upset our gunner. I’m afraid we put in too big a load.
Ah! Fremont, your sectional Gun has exploded just as I predicted, but my American rifle will bring down that Old Buck.
Confound the Gun! if I can only get out of this muss I’ll stick to preaching and let fire-arms alone.
Abolition Bog
James Buchanan(D-PA)Fifteenth President of the U.S.1857-1861
Pierce’s Minister to Great Britain –abroad during Kan/Neb Act controversy
Sectional Turmoil Escalated
Indecisive concerning secession
Only bachelor to occupy the White House
http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jb15.html
FACTS OF THE CASE:
Dred Scott, a slave, lived with his master in free territory for two years.
Scott claimed this made him a free man.
THE DECISION:1. People of African
descent (incl. Scott) could not be U.S. citizens.
2. Congress can’t forbid slavery in federal territories (violation of property rights)– Ergo, the Missouri
Compromise is Unconstitutional
Judicial Activism
Judicial Activism
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
LEGISLATIVEBRANCH
JUDICIAL BRANCH
President Congress Supreme Court
____________ Laws _____________ Laws ____________ Laws
When Judges Write the Law
“Slave Power” Conspiracy?
• Illinois Senate Race– Stephen Douglas
• (Democratic Incumbent)
– Abraham Lincoln • (Republican Challenger)
• FOCUS: Free Soil
• Significance:– Douglas wins, but loses
popularity in the South.– Lincoln becomes a
national figure.Lincoln-Douglas Debate
Memorial
OBJECTIVE:
– Seize a federal arsenal
• Harpers Ferry, VA
TREASON
– Tried, Convicted, Executed
– Different reactions in North and South
NORTH: “Slave Power” ConspiracyThe South wants to spread slavery throughout the nation
SOUTH: North plans to destroy Southern slavery by igniting slave revolts.
Mason-Dixon Line
1860 Presidential Election
1852 18601856
Abraham Lincoln(R-IL)Sixteenth President of the U.S.1861-1865
Democratic Party split
Election promptedsecession of states in the Deep South
http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.html