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The Harappan Civilization
Made By : Hitarth Desai
What Is A Civilization?
Civilization Is The Progressive Phase Of
All-round Development Of
People Living In A Given Territory.
Growth Of Economy, Use Of Technology,
Living In Cities.
Specialization In Skills, Script And
Agriculture.
The Bronze Age CivilizationIt Came After The Copper Age Civilization.
Bronze Is The Alloy Of Copper Bronze And Tin.
During This Period, Bronze Was Used.
Hence, This Time Period Got Its Name As Bronze Age Civilization.
The Harappan Civilization
Also Known As The Indus Valley Civilization.
Flourished In The Bronze Age Civilization Between 3300 BCE – 1300 BCE.
Largest Urban Civilization In The World.
Concentrated Around The Basin Of The River Indus.
Discovery Of The Civilization
Sir John Marshall Led His Team To
Discover The Harappan
Civilization.
Dayaram Sahni Discovered The
Ruins In Harappa In 1921.
Rakhaldas Banerjee Discovered
Mohenjo-Daro In 1922.
Sources
Great Bath Citadel Seals Human
FigurinesLothal
Dockyard Script
Extent Of The CivilizationWestern Border - Suktagendor In South Baluchistan
Eastern Border – Alamgirpur In Uttarpradesh
Northern Border – Mandan In Jammu And Kashmir
Southern Border – Bhagatrav In The Narmada Estuary
Urban Planning
It Was Made According To A Grid
Pattern.
The Buildings Were Made Of Brick Or
Wood.
Citadel Had The Major Buildings And The Houses Of The
Aristocrats.
The Great BathMost Significant
Structures At Mohenjo-Daro.
Bathing Pool = 39 X 28 X 8 Ft.
Water Was Supplied By A
Well Found Nearby.
Water Was Emptied
Regularly For Cleaning.
It Was Made Watertight By Coating With Mortar, Burnt
Bricks, Gypsum And Bitumen.
There Were Rooms For Changing.
It May Have Been A
Religious And Ritualistic
Bath.
The Granary
They Were Found At Various Places
Like Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, Lothal And Kalibangan.
Working Floors
Consisted Of Circular Brick
Platforms.
These Floors Were Used For
Threshing Grains.
They Had Proper
Ventilation.
They Were Situated Near The River
Banks So That The Transportation Could Be Easy.
Trade Practices• Harappa And Mohenjo-Daro And
Lothal
• Lothal - Chanhudaro
Cont….• External Trade With Other Countries
Was Also Carried Out
Harappan Seals Mesopotamian Civilization
Found At
Imported Metals
Contd….
Barter System Prevailed
International Trade – Seaways
Domestic Trade – Bullock Carts, Etc
Barter System
Weights And Measures
Use Of Regulated Weights And Measures
Was Prevalent
The Smallest Unit Of Weight Was 16 Which
Weighed 14 G
Bigger Units Of Weight Were Multiples Of 16
Transport Model Of
Terracotta Ship Was Discovered At Lothal Dockyard
Lothal Dockyard Is The World’s
Earliest Known Dockyards
Bullock Carts Were Used For
Inland Transportation
Arts And Crafts – The Dancing GirlGirl In
Dancing Posture Wit
h Right
Hand
Resting On Her Hip
Left Arm
Is Covered
With A Series Of
Ivory
Bangles
Hair Tied
Into A
Bun And
Is Slightly Tilted Backwards
Made Of Bronze Throug
h Lost Wax
Process
Bearded ManMade from
stone
It has Trimmed
beard
It has half-closed eyes
A shawl is wrapped
around its shoulders
It represents a priest or noble man
Terracotta Figures•Harappans used fire-baked clay or terracotta
•They made idols for worship and toys
•The terracotta figure of mother goddess and the toy cart is an excellent example of the Harappan talent of art and craft
Occupation And Livelihood Main Occupation = Agriculture
Leisure Activity = Art And Craft
Metal Work = Copper And Bronze Used To Make Vessels, Etc
Beads = Used To Make Ornaments And Jewelry
Other Crafts = Pottery, Spinning, Carving And Weaving
Script – Highly Pictorial With Abstract Signs
Forms Of WorshipMother Goddess – Represented The Earth. Statues Made From Terracotta. Smoke Stains Also Found
Male Deity – Horned Three - Faced Deity Sitting In A Yogi Posture. Surrounded By Animals. Represents Pashupati – Avatar Of Lord Shiva.
Nature And Its Elements – Worshipped Trees, Animals, Birds, Fire And Water.
Contd….They Believed In
Magic And Charm
Also Believed In Ghosts And
Spirits
It Is Believed That Some Harappans Buried The Dead While
Some Of Them Cremated And Put Them In
Urns
dec