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Review slide show for Global History and Geography 9R. All of the red underlined text are hyperlinks to videos on youtube.
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The History of the World9th Grade Edition!
3 Million BC
Early Humans• First humans appear in Africa around
3,000,000 BC• They cross the Bering Strait to enter the
Americas• No written language• Nomads: Migrate to find food• Paleolithic- Old stone age• Find shelter in caves
8000 BC: Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution• Beginning of civilization• People learned to plant food and
domesticate animals• Build permanent homes• Communities established
Reconstruction of a Neolithic House in Horton, England.
Neolithic Advancements• CIVILIZATION!!!• Agriculture• Division of labor • Written Language• Money• Religion
4000 BC: River Valley Civilizations
Nile River: Egypt• Government: Pharaoh• Writing: Hieroglyphics• Architecture: Pyramids• Religion: Polytheistic
Tigris and Euphrates River:Mesopotamia
• Government: City State• Writing: Cuneiform• Architecture: Ziggurats (temples)• Religion: Polytheism• Law: Code of Hammurabi
Indus River: India• Writing: Not yet translated• Cities: Show evidence of central planning
Yellow River: (Huang Ho)China
• Government: – Shang Dynasty = monarchy – Zhou = decentralized and feudal 3 philosophies
written• Religion: Ancestor Worship and animism
Ancient Hebrews: 1400 BC
First Monotheistic culture. (Judaism)
Began in Babylon (Mesopotamia, not the town)
750 BC: Ancient Greece
Government: City States
• Athens: Democracy– Art literature, philosophy, trade
• Sparta: Oligarchy– a form of government in which power effectively
rests with a small elite segment of society
Religion: • Polytheism
Art and Architecture:
The Parthenon
Greek Statues
Intellectual Acheivements:• Literature: Greek Tragedies• Philosophy: Humanism
– Socrates– Plato– Aristotle
• Math• Science• Medicine
700 BC: The Roman Empire
Government: Republic
• Senate• Citizens allowed to vote
The Roman Military controlled large areas.
Engineering• Built roads and Aqueducts
Earliest System of Justice
12 Tables of
Roman Law
Fall Of Rome
• Civil wars weakened country• Attacks form other nations
600 AD: Islam
• The Prophet Muhammad starts Islam after having a vision of the Archangel Gabriel.
• Islam spreads, becoming a major world religion.
• Monotheistic
Classical China
• Qin Dynasty: Legalism, great wall, unified writing system
• Han Dynasty: Adoption of Confucianism, civil service exams, largest Chinese Dynasty, falls just like Rome
Classical India
• Emergence of Hinduism• Maurya Empire: conquers most of India, but
the caste system really provides order• Gupta Empire: Golden Age, Asoka, Buddhism
spreads
1000 AD: Middle Ages, Europe
Feudalism
Religion: Christianity
• Church becomes more powerful
• Only the religious leaders can read and write.
The Crusades
• War of the Cross
• Trying to reclaim the Holy Land
• Cultural diffusion and trade
1500 AD: The Rise of EuropeEurope: A strong desire for knowledge
A Time of Learning
• Modern languages develop: VERNACULAR
• Printing press spreads knowledge– More books printed– Books more
affordable.
The Renaissance
Leonardo DaVinci
Michelangelo
William Shakespear
Niccolo Machiavelli
HUMANISM
Religion• Protestant Reformation
King Henry VIII starts the Church of England when the Pope refuses to grant him an annulment.
Martin Luther: 95 Theses
Science• Copernicus:
Heliocentric view of solar system
• Galileo: Telescope• Scientific method
Exploration• Quest to find trade routes, spices!• Vasco da Gama: Sailed to India• Christopher Columbus sailed to
the Americas
People of Central and South America
• Aztec– Controlled Mexico– Tribute empire:
Conquered people must pay
– Polytheistic– Human sacrifice– Capital city, Tenochtitlan,
built on a lake, protective causeways
• Inca– Controlled most of the
Andes mountains– Assimilated conquered
people– Extensive system of
roads and bridges– Polytheistic– Quipu, but no writing– Some human sacrifice
The Encounter
• Spanish Conquistadors conquer Aztecs in Mexico and Inca in Andes Mountains– Superior technology (Guns,
Germs, and Steel)
Spanish Empire!