The important of psv among secondary school students

The important of PSV among secondary school students EDU 702

EDU 702

THE IMPORTANT OF PSV AMONG SECONDARY

SCHOOL STUDENTS

Prepare For:

Dr Johan Eddy Luaran

Prepared By:

Muhammad Ridha Faisal Bin Rosli Kamal

2013426796


Research Proposal

By Muhammad Ridha Faisal


CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

Visual art or Pendidikan Seni Visual (PSV) is a chosen subject at the level of Sijil Pelajaran

Malaysia (SPM) for the literature and art students in most schools in Malaysia. Students begin

to take this subject from Form 1 in middle school and before it since standard five in primary

school and it is a compulsory subject at this level.

PSV is a visual art and not a type of music, literature or martial arts. PSV in high school or

secondary school stresses more on the process of making something with understandings,

focuses and critics.

It is aimed to improve students’ creativity besides giving positive values in it. Its curriculum

involves fine art, visual communication, design and traditional craft. The students are applied to

the appreciation of the visual arts heritage and hoped that the students will practice and apply

the knowledge they gained to enhance the value of life (Ministry of Education, 2002).

Its objective to be taught in high schools is to shape the students’ personality to be the

generations of Malaysia who knew the culture, have high aesthetic values, imaginative, critical

thinking, creative and innovative and also can be contributed to the development of self, family,

community and country as what has been stated by the National Education Philosophy. From

the experience of teaching this subject, a number of problems of teaching have been identified

in the process of teaching and learning (P&P) in the class (Ministry of Education, 2002).

Among the objectives of the high school’s PSV intended to appreciate the beauty of Allah’s

creation, foster the culture of research in the process of producing works of art, enhancing

knowledge, creativity, innovation, discipline and skills in visual arts which can be practiced in life

and career, using a variety of skills, media, techniques and technology to create craft items and

quality product of visual art, make description, analysis, interpretation and evaluation of works of

visual art, and finally is to gain more value in the disciplines of science, technology and other

subjects (Ministry of Education, 2002).


From this PSV curriculum organization, it is divided into two areas, namely the production of

visual art as well as history and appreciation of visual art. Both of these areas will provide

students new skills. For this purpose, the teacher's responsibility is to integrate the two fields of

teaching and learning. In addition, both of this field are aimed towards the objective of FPN for

the construction of individual, family, community and country. So, in the PSV curriculum

organization, there are many aspects that are important in shaping students which is required in

the National Philosophy of Education, teachers should strive to change the perception among

students that PSV is the subject of the second class, the choice and does not need to be taught

in P&P.


1.1 Background of the study

Recent evidence suggests that (Suppiah Nachiappan et.al. 2007) Art is very important in all of

our lives because it enhances our understanding to problem solve, boosts our creative thinking

and heightens self-expression. It is also considered a form of entertainment, not only for

ourselves but for the entertainment of others as well.

There is no information of learning among students to learn PSV is that they are less interested

in the subject, this situation stems from the diversity of the student or individual differences in

the classroom. This includes aspects of individual differences physically, emotionally, mentally,

socially, culturally, personality, language, religion, cognitive style and temperament. These

aspects create problems to the teaching and learning for teachers and students.

Recent evidence suggests that (Suppiah Nachiappan et.al. 2007)most of the students are not

interested to study the subject in the classroom, for example, at the beginning of the chapter will

provide students with the Basic Design of introducing art elements such as line, appearance,

shape, space, thread and color. This syllabus content is considered normal for students, despite

the fact that they should be more aware of formally and systematically.

Recent evidence suggests that (Suppiah Nachiappan et.al. 2007) therefore, teachers should be

able to control emotions of them first and be sensitive to the emotional intelligence of students in

the class. The sensitive teacher will be able to predict her students’ mood swings as emotional

feelings represent that person and teacher can easily master and launching the control of

delivery of P&P in the class. It was a detrimental thing if the students are eager to learn, but was

stopped by emotional. Emotion is the inner nature of a person, the emotional impact will affect

behavior and how to control his emotions requires skill to be learns), this situation is to ensure

that teachers are always able to control the emotions themselves or its emotional students.

One problem is that PSV subtopics learning requires talent award and interest produce works of

art that really interesting and can be evaluated. Talent is a gift and every man will bring their

own talent. Talent in singing, drawing, storytelling and acting are examples of the talent

available. Interest also is the high tendency of individuals on one activity and it is universal

according to (Suppiah Nachiappan et.al. 2007). For example, in the production of Fine Arts,

students will produce works such as drawings, paintings, sculptures and prints. All subtopics

actually require talent and passion and determination to create formation works of fine art. Two


students make excuses for not being talented and are not interested in producing a work of art

and thus make them not want to learn.


1.2 Statement of the research problem

From the learning problems that are less interested in PSV is also closely related to students'

achievement. It is connected to PSV syllabus visual communication that requires students to

make graphics and multimedia, and require students to use technology, software and internet.

This situation makes the students of the categories visual-spatial intelligence is very keen to

learn. However, not all students have a level of visual-spatial intelligence, as pointed out in

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (1983). This will lead to students who have a

variety of intelligence such as verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, kinesthetic, musical,

interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist and existentialism became less interested or not

interested if PSV of P&P is carried out.

For students with visual-spatial intelligence, they usually have no problem to engage in all art

activities as their ability can observe visually the outside world. They were able to relate the

three-dimensional picture and shadow, this type of student is rich in imagination and creativity in

things that involve visual, if they are trained and their talents are discovered, usually the

students will be leading artists, architects, sculptors and fantastic designers. Teachers need to

be aware of multiple intelligence in the classroom before running P&P as the students who are

not interested to study the subject of PSV should not be in confinement, by using theoretical

modeling, these students should be given representation. The picture is suitable to be an

example of their friends who have visual-spatial intelligence, commitment and determination to

describe their partners in producing a work of art, showing the beautiful artworks and focused

work that can be pursued to be active in this visual art.

However, there was not much studies be carried out to investigate PSV and secondary school,

there for this study the gap. Divergence is currently expected in teaching the subject Visual Art

Education at upper secondary Malaysian schools. This is due to the fact that the teaching of this

subject is unlike teaching other subjects offered at that level. The deciphering of knowledge is

dependent on the experience of the teacher. The unavailability of a formal text book further

exaggerates this.


1.3 Research objectives

The research objectives of this study are:

I) To examine the student’s level of interest in learning PSV in the classroom.

II) To investigate the causes of the student’s motivation in learning PSV in the classroom.

III) To identify ways to help student’s motivation in learning PSV in the classroom.

1.4 Research questions

The research questions for this study are:

I) What are the levels of student interest in learning PSV in the classroom?

II) What are the causes of the student’s motivation in learning PSV in the classroom?

III) What are the ways to help student’s motivation in learning PSV in the classroom?


1.5 Operational definitions

1.5.1 Art is a tool for thinking, for both adults and for children (Bae, 2004; Kolbe, 2001; Millikan,

2003; Rauch 2001; Svendson, 2004). Connected closely to the process of thinking, and the

clarification of ideas which are inherent in art, is the way art making helps children to make

meaning. This is part of the multi-modal and multi-dimensional aspect of art, which

encompasses many ways of knowing and expressing thoughts and feelings in one process

(Rauch, 2001; Wright, 2003). In the research, art refers to the visual arts are part of the

historical record of every culture and historical period known to human beings.

1.5.2 According to Kenneth M. Lansing (1973) in his book Art, Artist and Art Education stated

that arts education activities for which there can serve as a communication branch. The ability of

teachers in delivering lessons and use the correct methods will meet. In addition, teachers need

to understand and master the curriculum and syllabus Visual Arts. Skills of teachers in

curriculum work focusing on the development of specific knowledge and skills upgrading using a

variety of approaches and techniques. Art education is one of the core subjects in the general

education curriculum for secondary schools and in art teacher training program. However

despite the national oriented curriculum that stresses cultural, social, and political, the influence

of British studio-based art teaching still persists and dominates school art programs (Jin Leng,

1980; Hassan, 1978). The school art syllabus indicates that "a large proportion of the time

should be spent on picture making and allied subjects, figure and landscape painting and

drawing" (Syllabus, secondary school, 1969).

1.5.3 In Theory of Human Fitness, Gardner (1983) suggests that there are seven types of

fitness but most schools emphasize fitness linguistics and mathematics only. Other fitness may

be lost. This theory supports the arts should be given an important role in the curriculum, as

humans acquire knowledge through a variety of plenty of fitness and also through teaching

techniques. By using a balanced approach to studying form, theme, and context of an artwork,

learners can create as well as discern layers of meaning in visual language, as revealed in the

following equation: Form+Theme+Context (FTC) = Art (Sandell, 2006, 2009). In exploring form,

or how the work “is,” learners differentiate an artist’s many structural decision, embedded in the

creative process, that lead to a final product. By examining the themes, or what the work is

about, learners explore what the artist expresses through a selected overarching concept or

“Big Idea” (Walker, 2001) that reveals the artist’s expressive viewpoint relating art to life as well

as other disciplines. In investigating context(s), or when, where, by/for whom, and why the art


was created (and valued), learners comprehend the authentic nature of artwork by probing the

conditions for and under which the art was created from our contemporary perspective, as well

as those of foreign and previous cultures.

1.6 Limitation of the study

The small sample size of this study might not allow the findings of the study to be

generalize able to all secondary school students in this country. Besides that, this study this not

an action research, hence the suggested ways to overcome the importance of PSV among

secondary school student that might think PSV not important.

1.7 Significance of the study

In this situation, teachers should not be blamed simply because it is impossible for the science

teacher to have the talent or interest in art production who is directed by school administration to

teach PSV. Factors such as teacher ability and profession of subject they teach are very difficult

to solve the learning problems in PSV which involves talents and interests. However, in the PSV

syllabus, there are ways and techniques of art productions; teachers’ initiative is needed to

sharpen interest in the production of artwork though teachers had no talent. At least the teacher

should be able to produce a painting of beautiful scenery on the views of students and is

sufficient for these students and the idea of making it as a model to create their artwork. When

these students became interested in the work of earlier teacher, they will become more

interested in producing work almost same or better than the work of the teacher, the theoretical

model of Dr. Bandura can be applied to this problem.

PSV subtopics in the syllabus are taught about traditional crafts and new dimensions, this title

requires students to learn the basics of pottery, batik, wood carving, weaving and embroidery art

(Ministry of Education, 2002). The problem here is students’ creativity is needed because

students will produce motifs or patterns of their own before translated into actual sculptures.

Problems arise when students are divided into two large groups, indirectly.

Primarily, the aim of this research is to offer contribution to the enhancement of the Visual Art

education in Malaysia. This area of study has long been regarded as insignificant and merely as

an add-on to the other subjects in the Malaysian academic scenario. This perception must be


eradicated from the minds of the Malaysian public, both within the school and in general.

Therefore, it is hoped that with this research, the significant contributions derived from the

Visual Art subject is being given prominence and is highlighted.

It is also hoped that with the findings from this research, certain measures could be taken by the

authority bodies to improve the quality of teaching of this subject for the benefit of our future

generation. Teaching and learning of the subject Visual Art (Pendidikan Seni Visual) in

Malaysian high schools would be greatly standardized and enhanced by the utilization of

appropriate teaching aids.

1.8 Conclusion

This chapter has covered the background of the study, the statement of the research problem,

the research objectives, the research questions, the significance of the research, the operational

definition of terms used in this study and the limitation of this study. The literature review of the

topics related to this study will be presented in the next chapter.


CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

This chapter presents the previous researches which are connected to the concept or theories

and past research according to the importance of PSV among secondary school students. In

this study, the researcher concerns for those have been studying about this topic. Any

researcher will always refer to the previous research that has studied related topic; it is because

prior knowledge any specific area is important to researchers (Sulaiman, 2004). He also stated

that it’s very much necessary to refer to the researchers that already exist.

In this chapter, researcher has emphasized on a sub topic on the level of student in secondary

school interest in learning PSV. The most important instrument researcher used in this study is

The Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT).

The researcher has focused on the student interest level in learning PSV in secondary school;

this study is very important and useful for teacher and students. It is because after the

researcher completely doing their research; people may know the relationship between these

two variables. After complete this study, the researcher also can use this finding to prepare their

self after be posting to school later. They also can be more confident and responsible for doing

the school work in order to increase their student academic achievement.


2.1 Conceptual Framework

The concept of art has undergone centuries of development from Socrates to modern-day

theorists. Therefore, there are numerous definitions of art.

According to F. ROBERT SABOL, Ph.D. President, National Art Education Association is Art is

one of the universal languages all human beings understand and use to communicate. We use

art to understand who we are, our places in the world, and the meaning of our lives. We use art

to express ourselves and to speak to others across time and place. Human beings have an

essential drive to create and understand visual imagery. This drive is one of the basic traits that

make us human. The power of the visual arts to enrich the human experience and society is

recognized and celebrated throughout the world.

Art and the visual arts are part of the historical record of every culture and historical period

known to human beings. It may be said that all we know about some past civilizations is found

entirely in the record of art and artifacts their people left behind. The visual arts have been used

to capture and express a wide array of values, beliefs, and ideas embraced by people from

around the world and from every period of history. The visual arts have been used to educate,

persuade, commemorate, and problem solve. In fact daily we are dependent upon the visual

arts to make sense of the world in which we live.

We continuously are inundated with innumerable visual images and messages on television,

computers, digital communications devices, and in the printed media. Neuroscience has shown

that a significant portion of the human brain is devoted to understanding visual stimulation and

to decoding visual messages we receive through our sense of vision. We do this by using all of

our higher order thinking skills, memory, and education. In our contemporary society, the visual

arts and dependence upon visual imagery is essential in communicating and understanding the

information we need to live our lives. In order to fully understand visual imagery and its

meaning, it is essential that all people receive an art infused education. Such an education

enables people to become informed citizens, critical thinkers, creative problem solvers and

productive members of society.

The visual arts can be an important and rich domain of learning for young children. In PreK

education, The Task Force on Children’s Learning and the Arts: Birth to Age Eight (Young

children and the arts: Making creative connections, Washington, DC: Arts Education

Partnership, 1998) recommends that art experiences for young children include activities


designed to introduce children to works of art that are high quality and developmentally

appropriate in both content and presentation. Angela Eckhoff, 2007

In spite of the rhetoric of arts advocates who speak of art as a basic subject alongside English,

math, and science, art education do not exhibit the characteristics of a “basic” discipline and

consequently remains on the margins of secondary education (Hope 2006).1 Education policies

contribute to the art education’s current status in the high school curriculum. The National

Association of State Boards of Education describes the marginalized status of the arts and

recommends incorporating the arts into core graduation requirements, admission standards for

colleges, and accountability measurements, as well as increasing the frequency of the National

Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) arts assessment (Meyer 2005).

Until such policies are implemented, teachers must find ways to foster support for their art

programs and make authentic curricular encounters with the visual arts a possibility of a broad

range of students. One response to the lack of supportive arts education policy is the College

Board’s Advanced Placement (AP) Studio Art Program, a visual arts assessment at the high

school level. The College Board oversees the AP program and thus has a substantial influence

on secondary curriculum, teaching, and assessment, and on the large number of teachers and

students involved with the program. The structure of the AP portfolios, furthermore, helps shape

a definition of college-level foundational skills that occasionally conflicts with current arts

education ideology. It is useful to ask how an evaluation that removes artistic production from

the context of its creation can support the complexities of artistic practice and knowledge. Our

analysis of this program and our professional experiences generated questions about

assessment; advocacy, foundational knowledge, and the changing character of art making that

are relevant to future research and policy development in high school art education.

This includes issues concerning the power of representation the formation of cultural identities,

functions of creative production, the meanings of visual narratives critical reflection on

technological pervasiveness and the importance of interdisciplinary connections The focus in

recent decade son fine arts disciplines in the U.S. art curriculum and standardized testing has

resulted in the exclusion of such critical aspects of visual culture in art education. In fact, these

aspects of the visual arts have been given more attention in "non art" school subjects such as

anthropology and sociology and feminist, cultural, and media studies (Collins, 1989; Mirzoeff,

1998; Scollon & Scollon, 1995; Sturken & Cartwright, 2001).


As a result, knowledge of what has traditionally been considered fine art objects and "good"

taste can no longer be seen as the only visual cultural capital to serve elementary, secondary or

higher education students. Fine art is still great value in Education and an important part of

historical and contemporary visual culture; however, the Broader, creative, and critical

exploration of visual culture, and its local, state, national, and Global meanings is a more

appropriate focus if we want students to understand the importance of visual culture.

However, the more that is learned about visual culture, the better we can grasp the concept of

identity; and the more that is learned about the various members of a particular group, the more

richly we can understand their visual culture (Stuhr, 1999). Others .It also helps us to

understand why and how students respond to visual culture as they do (Ballengee-Morris&

Stuhr, 2001; Freedman & Wood. 1999).

We are now experiencing technology as reality and appropriate visual culture as life experience

turning it into attitudes, actions, and even consciousness (Rushkoff, 1994). As a part of the

process of concept formation in education, the arts have often been dichotomously categorized

inhibiting understanding and reducing the complexity of visual culture. The process of learning

new concepts does involve dichotomous distinctions. For example, children with pets may begin

to learn that a cow is a cow by learning that is not a dog or a cat; they learn to discern one style

of painting by learning its differences from other styles (Gardner, 1972).

Making meaning from complex visual cultural forms occurs through at least three overlapping

methods: (a) communication (b) suggestion and (c) appropriation (Freedman, 2003).

The increasing number of visual culture objects and images shapes not only art education in the

2lst century but also the intergraphical and inter textual connections between visual forms

(Freedman2, 000, 2003).The critical necessity of teaching visual culture in this context is seen in

the lack of serious debate even in the "free" media as it becomes increasingly focused on

entertainment (Aronowitz, 1994; Morley, 1992).

In order to reconceptualize curriculum in this way, it is necessary to understand curriculum as a

process rather than as a single text. The process of curriculum is its product. Curriculum is not a

unified whole. It is a collage of bits of information based on knowledge (Freedman, 2000,

2003).Criteria for assessment must be developed through community debate, but not allowed to

be trivialized through excessive fragmentation and other assessment (Boughton, 1991, 1997').


Art education is no different in the dissolution of its boundaries from other areas and disciplines.

Postmodernism and advances in computer and media technologies have enabled boundary

erosion that has prompted new ways of conceptualizing subject areas and what constitutes

important disciplinary knowledge. As a result, new methods for investigation and data collection

are continually being invented and developed. The arts figure prominently in these new

methodological configurations (Barone & Eisner, 1997; Gaines & Renow, 1999: Prosser1998;

Rose, 2001).

The new conception of curriculum and student artistic inquiry opens up the possibility of moving

away from these problems. A curriculum based on visual culture takes into consideration

Students daily, postmodern experiences and their future lives. Most students will not be

professional artists, but all students need to become responsible citizens of the world. In a

democracy an aim of education is to promote the development of responsible citizens who think

critically, act constructively in an informed manner and collaborate in the conscious formation of

personal and communal identities. In order for art curriculum to fulfill this aim in the

contemporary context, students' studio experience must be taught to as part of visual culture

and as a vital way to come to understand the visual milieu in which they live. Student studio

experience is essential to teaching and learning about visual culture because it (a) is a process

of creating/critical inquiry, (b) helps students understand the complexities of visual culture, and

(c) connects and empowers people.

Perhaps the people most influenced by visual culture are children and adolescents Students

incorporate the social codes, language and values of visual culture into their lives (Freedman&

Wood, 1999; Tavin, 2001).Visual culture influences student’s knowledge, affects their identity

construction and shapes their aesthetic sensibilities. Recently, general curriculum theorists have

been struggling with the project of re conceptualizing curriculum from postmodern perspectives

(Giroux, 1992; Pinar, 1988; Pinar, Reynolds, Slattery, & Taubman, 1996).

This project is a response to the many social and cultural changes that are now influencing

students' lives. The project of developing appropriate educational responses to such change is

increasingly important as societies and cultures leave the secure thinking of modernistic forms

of education, where knowledge and inquiry methods are represented as stable and curriculum is

intended to be reproduced. For example, postmodern curriculum theorists point out that

curriculum is not a neutral enterprise; it is a matter of selection. As a result, the curriculum


contains and reflects the interests of individuals and social groups. Patrick Slattery (1995) has

argued that curriculum expresses autobiography because it is created by human beings who

leave parts of themselves in their teaching and writing.


2.2 Theory/Theories

In Malaysia, there seems to be a perception that Art education is secondary to other subjects

such as Mathematics, Science or English. This inferiority label has been a stigma to many

Malaysian Art teachers. There seems to be an unspoken perception about the subject Visual Art

being a sub-standard subject as compared to other subjects. Preference was not given to this

subject over other subjects because they are deemed as being less “important”. This fact was

verified not only by the Art teachers themselves, but also agreed by the person in authority at

the Ministry level where there has been cases of schools channeling funds allocated for Visual

Art subject to be used for other purposes or that other subjects were being taught during Visual

Art period.

The Visual Art Education subject is an elective subject offered at upper secondary level (form 4

and 5) and is mandatory at lower secondary (form 1, 2 and 3). Even though it is a compulsory

subject at lower secondary level, this paper is not being offered at the form 3 Middle Secondary

Examination (PMR). Whereas at the Malaysian Certificate of Education examination at form 5

(SPM), it is offered as an elective subject and is compulsory for all Art stream students.

The Visual Art Education syllabus taught in Malaysian high schools has been without a formal

text book since its inclusion in the Malaysian education syllabus. Teachers were being guided

by a syllabus drawn up by the Curriculum Development Authority under the Ministry of

Education (PPK). At the same time, there is also an unofficial teacher’s guide produced by PPK

as well as numerous other independent book publishers published books in accordance to the

art syllabus acting as supplementary teaching resources for the teachers. At the same time,

there are suppliers who provide teaching aids to complement the teaching of this subject based

on their own interpretation of the curriculum. Most often, schools with students taking Art as part

of their mandatory subject in major examinations would be relying on these aids as part of their

presentation in the class. They usually come in the form of colored transparencies to be used

with an OHP, printed charts or as an example to tackle a particular exam question – depicting

actual idealized as interpreted by the supplier.

On another note, the teaching of Visual Art as a subject relies quite heavily on the experience

and interpretation of the teacher. This in a way closely resembles the master and apprentice


way of teaching. Being a subject which is unlike other subjects such as English, Science or

Mathematics, in other word, an inexperience teacher would teach the student only up to the

level of their own knowledge and exposure in Visual Art as compared to a teacher with vast

experience in related field would be able to provide a more comprehensive knowledge of the

subject at macro level 3.Therefore, discrepancies can be anticipated in the quality of teaching

the subject between an experienced and a novice Art teacher.

In 2007, the Ahmad Ibrahim Secondary School (AISS) marked its 40 years of supporting

students with visual impairments. The Open Education Program, which supports a total of 17

students with visual impairments, constitutes an integral part of the school’s provisions (AISS,

2007).

2.3 Important PSV (Visual Art) in secondary school student

The most important is to coordinate with the Ministry of Education and the Lighthouse School to

place students in integration or attachment centers and supporting and facilitating students'

participation in the instructional program in class by providing Braille textbooks, worksheets, and

practice papers; transcribing materials from Braille to print and print to Braille; recording printed

material in audio formats; teaching students to use special equipment, such as talking scientific

calculators, talking and braille dictionaries, and geometric drawing kits; and providing remedial

lessons to students who have difficulty coping with class lessons. Other than that, teaching

Braille to students with low or diminishing vision.

However, teaching students to use computers with screen readers and related assistive

technology and counseling students with problems related to academic studies, social

interaction in and outside school, psychological stress, and personal decorum and social

etiquette. Other than that, assisting students in participating in extracurricular activities and

other programs of the school and upgrading. Beside that acquiring new equipment for the

resource room and conferring with the mainstream teaching staff members about the needs and

abilities of students with visual impairments.


2.4 Conclusion

Researches from previous studies have proved that PSV (visual art education)among student

is one of the causes that make students do not want to participate in classroom and it is crucial

to help students overcome this problem in order for them to be able to become active

participants in visual art activities so that they can maximize the learning outcomes as well as to

equip them with good creative skills that will need when they graduate from school.


CHAPTER 3

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to look at genders motivation and interest style. This study

attempts to ascertain the motivation and interest in visual art and academic achievement.

The variable is genders and academic achievements among Secondary Students of SMK

Abdul Samad Klang.

In this chapter, the researcher will discuss about the methods and the steps which will be

carried out in this research. The research methodology is one of the vital parts in doing

research because without these methods planned beforehand, every research and study

shall find a dead end. Besides, in this methodology chapter, the researcher has to state a

few important matters which are research design, the setting of the research, the research

samples and the population of the research, the research instrument, also data collection.

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

This survey employs a survey method and it is descriptive in nature. This study adopts a

quantitative approach since the area of research has been theoretically grounded. Students

were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups using the Research Randomizer

(Urbaniak&Plous, 1997) where blocks of three were filled as students completed eligibility

criteria. The independent variable for this study was creativity programs. The dependent

variables were post-test scores on the California Critical Thinking Skills Test-2000 and the

students' academic achievement as determined by their final grade.

A demographic survey to collect descriptive data about the subjects in this study was one of

the instruments used in this study. Developed by this researcher, the survey was composed

of few questions regarding the characteristics of the sample population. Basic descriptive

statistics were used to summarize students' demographic information from the demographic

survey such as sex, age, class level, and school.


As for the questionnaires, they will be only be divided into 4 Section A, and B. The division is

made to facilitate the respondents to answer the given questions and also to help the

researcher to analyze the answer later.

(i) Section A – Students’ demographic information

The purpose of section A is to gather the information and data on the respondents’ personal

details such as gender, form and age. This section will use nominal scales in which numbers

and symbols in some categories are used.

Figure 3.1: Example of a Nominal item

(ii) Section B – Interest of Visual Art Test

15 items for each motivation and interest.

3.3 INSTRUMENT

There are various types of instrument which can be used to join and collect the information and

the data needed for this ongoing research. If any of the research, the research instrument is

important to achieve the objective required in one research. While for this research, the

instrument that will be used is the survey method. This instrument was administered to students

in class and students were given 30 minutes to respond to the 15 items in the questionnaire

were given. The items for questionnaire are based on critical thinking for students. There are

1. Gender

A. Male

B.Female


four passages in this test. Each passage is followed by several questions. After reading a

passage, they need to choose the correct answer option. They may refer to the passages as

often as necessary.

3.4 POPULATION AND SAMPLES

There were 100 students, from 100 students. This research sample will be done by 50

Secondary School Students in SMK Abdul Samad Klang who come from two classes. The

questionnaires will be given and distributed to these respondents of lower secondary school

student and upper secondary school student. Overall, a total of 50 questionnaires will be

handed to the Secondary School Students in SMK Abdul Samad Klang. These students are

chosen because they pursue a Secondary School Students in SMK Abdul Samad Klang.

Besides that, respondents from form 3 and form 4 are a little bit have extra free time

compared to students from form 5.

Form Number of respondents Percentage (%)

3 25 50

4 25 50

Total 50 100

In this section, the respondents have to answer 15 questions which contain multiple

choices of questions (MCQ) which use the multiple choices scale.

3.5 DATA COLLECTIONS

In this chapter researcher has started collecting the research problems with collected data

related. The purpose of this data collection is to analyze information afar. Permission to conduct

this research was this research was sought from the lecturer from the subject to use his or her

time for students form 3 and form 4 answers the questionnaire. After getting permission to

distribute a questionnaire, the researcher does a pilot study to check validity and reliability of the


instruments from the expert. After meeting teacher of the class, she gives researchers to relief

class for 40 minutes, after 40 minutes researcher has collected the GEFT test from the students

on the same day. 50 GEFT tests were distributed and 50 GEFT tests were collected.

3.6 DATA ANALYSIS

It can be used to do a lot of statically analysis and data management in the graphic

management (ZaidatunTasir& M. Salleh Abu, 2003). In order to examine research objective

number one, is to examine the student’s level of interest in learning PSV in the classroom of

secondary school students in SMK Abdul Samad Klang this research use. In order to examine

research objective number two, where to investigate the investigate the causes of the student’s

motivation in learning PSV in the classroom among secondary school students in SMK Abdul

Samad Klang. In order to examine research objective number three is identify ways to help

student’s motivation in learning PSV in the classroom among secondary school students in SMK

Abdul Samad Klang. The data collected in this research was of one type which is qualitative.

The data for questionnaires were analyzed by using means. On the other hand, for analyzing

the qualitative part of the data, a content analysis method was used.

RESEARCH QUESTION INSTRUMENTS METHODS OF DESIGN

1. Student background in

visual art

Survey ( Questionnaire) Mean

2. Academic achievement

among secondary student


3. Interest and motivation

among secondary school

student in visual art



3.7 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, all of the methods stated will be used to accomplish this study. Every method will

give different input for this research. On the whole, information was obtained from study of

previous research. All of the information analyzed will be used to achieve the objective that has

been in the beginning of this study.


APPENDIX 1:

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

QUESTIONNAIRE

THE IMPORTANT OF PSV ( VISUAL ART EDUCATION) AMONG SECONDARY

SCHOOL STUDENT

Dear respondents,

To fulfill the requirements for EDU 702 Research Methodology courses, I had been asked to

conduct a research about The Important Of PSV(Visual Art Education) Among

Secondary School Student. All the data will be considered as confidential. All your

collaboration I kindly appreciated. Thank you for spending a few of your precious time to

answer this questionnaire form.

Researcher:

Master Education in Visual Art Education

Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Mara

This research will be used for academic purpose only. All details that have been given are

CONFIDENTIAL and will only be used for research purpose. Thank you for your

commitment and cooperation.


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