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Text © 2010 Curriculum Planning & Development Division, Ministry of Education, Singapore.
by Geneieve Tang
Table of Contents
What is the Internet?
• HowdoestheInternetwork?
• HowfardoestheInternetreach?
• HowdoestheInternetworksoquickly?
• HowbigwilltheInternetbecome?
What is the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web?
•WilltheWebreplacebooks?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Web?
How can you protect yourself from danger?
Conclusion
Glossary
The WorldAt Your
Fingertips
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What is the Internet?TheInternetisaworldwidesystemofcomputernetworks.Ithasbecomeacommonpartofourdailylives.Everywhereyouturn,youcanfindcodeslike‘www’or‘.com’onhouseholdproductsandpostersandinmagazinesandtelevisionadvertisements.
OnceyoulogontotheInternet,youenteravirtualworld,onethatenablesyoutodothingsasifyouwereintherealworld.Youcanvisitplaces,talktopeopleanywhereandfindinformation–allatyourfingertips.
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TheWorldWideWebwasinventedbyaBritishresearcherwhodevelopedawaytocombinepictures,symbols,words,columnsandotherdesignsonthesameWebpageorwebsite.
AnAmericancomputerscientistdiscoveredawaytoshareinformationfromcomputertocomputerandcalleditanetwork.Anetworkisagroupofcomputerscommunicatingwitheachother.
OnenetworklinkedthecomputersattwoAmericanuniversitiestogether.Then,manymorenetworksweredeveloped inthegovernment,businesses andatuniversities.
Thename‘Internet’wasusedforthefirsttime.Itconnectedallthenetworkstogether.
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How was the Internet invented?
2Text © 2010 Curriculum Planning & Development Division, Ministry of Education, Singapore.
How does the Internet work?TousetheInternet,youmustbeconnectedtoatelephonelineortelevisioncable,andamodem.Themodemworkslikeatranslator,changingelectronicsignalsintotextandimageswhichcanberecognisedbyyourcomputer.
However,havingacomputer,telephonelineortelevisioncable,andamodem,doesnotmeanyoucanconnecttotheInternet.YoualsoneedtofindanInternetServiceProvider(ISP).ISPsarecompaniesthatgiveyouaccesstotheInternetforafee.TherearemanyISPstochoosefrom.Theyprovideavarietyofservices:connectionspeed,emailaccounts,anti-virussoftwareandtechnicalsupport.InsomecountriesincludingSingapore,ISPsneedapermitfromthegovernmenttoprovideservicesaccordingtocertainguidelines.
How far does the Internet reach? Intheearly1980s,theInternetreachedonlyfourlocationsandhadjustafewhundredusers.Thelatestsurveyin2009recordsabout16hundredmillionusersorabout355timesthenumberofpeoplethatliveinSingapore!
Infact,theInternetnowreacheseverycontinent.In2007,theInternetreachedthecomputersofscientistsdoingresearchinAntarctica,acontinentattheSouthPole.Ataboutthesametime,itwasproventhattheInternetalsoreachedCanada’sMelvilleIslands,aremoteareaneartheNorthPole.
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How does the Internet work so quickly?AnythingyoucandoontheInternetcanbedoneinashortspanoftime.ThisispossiblebecausetheInternetistheconnectionthatallowsmillionsofcomputerstosendandreceiveinformationinstantlyaroundtheworld.Thisinformationtravelsrapidlybywayoftelephoneortelevisioncablesandsatellitesoutinspace.
How big will the Internet become? By2020,itisestimatedthattherewillbetwothousandmillionusersormorethan400timesthenumberofpeopleinSingapore.Thismeansthat30percentofthetotalworldpopulationwillhaveaccesstotheInternet.
What is the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web? ThewordsInternetandtheWorldWideWebor‘Web’areoftenusedinterchangeably.However,theyarenotthesame.TheWebisoneofthemanypopularwaystoaccesstheInternet.Itwascreatedusingadifferentcomputerlanguageforaspecificreason–toshareinformation.
TheWebisagiganticlibrarywithwords,pictures,soundsandanimations.Notonlyisitaccessibleonyourcomputer,itisnowavailablealsoonmobiledevicesandtelevisions.
Will the Web replace books? SomepeoplefearthatinformationontheWebwillreplaceprintedbooksbecausemanybooksareavailableforreadingonline.However,Webreadingwillnotreplacebooks.Infact,theWebhasbeenagoodwayforbooksellerstoadvertisetheirbooksonlinethroughtheirwebsites,makingreadersmoreawareofthem.
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Besides,notallbooksareavailableonlineforreading.Withtheadvanceofdigitalprinting,manyclassichardcoverbookscannowbeprintedquicklyandmorecheaplyinpaperbacks,makingthemeasiertoown.Furthermore,goingtothelibraryremainsoneofmanyenjoyableofflineactivitiesfortheyoungandold.
Mostyoungchildrenhavetheirfirstreadingexperiencewithprintedbooks,andmanyadultsenjoytheexperienceofholdingaprintedbookandreadingattheirownpace.Thereisalsononeedtoworrythatabookwill‘crash’orbecomeinfectedwitha‘virus’ascomputerssometimesdo.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Web?TheWebisconsideredbycomputerexpertstobethebestinventioninthelast40years.Ithasallowedinformationtobeobtainedquickly.Itcanimprovecommunicationwithpeopleacrosscontinents.YoucanuseitanywhereintheworldwherethereisaWebconnection.
Oneconcernisthatyoudonotactuallyknowormeetthepeopleyouaretalkingtoonline.Theremaybebadthingsthatyoudonotknowaboutthem.ThatiswhycyberwellnessisimportanttomakesuretheWebisusedinaproperandbeneficialway.
Also,itcanbefrustratingwhenthereissomuchinformationwithsomanyusers.Therecanbetheproblemofa‘trafficjam’ontheelectronic‘highway’.
Finally,thereisalsotheworryofyourcomputereitherbeinginfectedwithavirusorhavingpersonalinformationstolenfromit.
What is Cyberwellness?Cyberwellness is learning to protect yourself and takingresponsibility for your actions to make sure what you doin cyberspace hurts neither you nor others.
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How can you protect yourself from danger?• Avoidviolentanddisturbingimages,gamblingand shoppingonline,andbelievingeverythingyousee.It maynotbetrue.• Donotmakefriendswithstrangerswhomightbe usingfalsenames.
• Nevergiveyouremailaddressandotherpersonal detailstopeopleyoudonotknow.
• Donotparticipateincyber-bullyingwhichhasbecome aseriousproblemonline.Cyber-bullieshurtothers byteasing,spreadingrumoursandsendingnasty messagesandeventhreatsbyemailorinchatrooms, onblogsorinmobilephonemessages.
• DonotbecomeaddictedtotheInternetortheWeb. Useitasonlyoneofyourmanyactivities.
• Makesurethatyougetinformationonlinethrough reliablesourcessuggestedbyyourschooloryour parents.
• TakefrequentbreaksfromtheWebtorestyoureyes.
ConclusionWhenusedsafelyandinmoderation,theInternetandtheWebprovidewonderfulservicesforpeopleathome,atschoolandatwork.Alotofthingsyoucandoonlineremaininavirtualorelectronicworld.Itisequallyimportanttoincludeotheractivitiesfromtherealworldsuchassports,outingsanddiningwithfamilyorfriends.Yourcomputercannotsubstitutefortheseactivities.
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Glossaryaddicted Beingunabletostopdoingsomething andallowingittotakeamajorpart ofyourdailylife.Anaddictioncan affectyourschoolwork,healthand otheractivities.
beneficial Favourableandusefulifusedinthe rightway.
codes Standardsetsofrules.
computerscientist Anexpertwhoworkswithcomputers usingaspeciallanguagetodesign programmesorsoftwareand computerpartsorhardware.
continents Acontinentisalargemassofland. Therearesevencontinents:Europe, Asia,Africa,NorthAmerica,South America,AustraliaandAntarctica.
interchangeably Twothingsorwordsthatareusedas iftheyarethesame.
media Differentmeansofcommunication includingnewspapers,magazines, radio,televisionandfilms.
moderation Touseordosomethingwithincertain limits.
reliable Canbetrusted;dependable.
satellites Man-madeobjectswhichare launchedintospacethatcanreceive messagesandsendthembacktoany placeonEarth.
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substitute Toreplaceonethingwithsomething else.
translator Apersonordevicethatcanmakea languageunderstandabletothose whodonotusethatlanguage.
virtualworld Acopyoftherealworldcreatedwith computers.
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