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Presenters Include; Ammar Zia Khan Amna Shafi Rafia Kulsoom Areeba Wajid (Group Leader) Rabia Sabir Zahra Najamuddin.
In this presentation each theory will include;
View Of
Human Nature
Role
Of A Counsel-
or
Techniques
Used By
Counselor
1. Individual Psychology
(Alfred Adler)
a. View of Human Nature
People are mainly motivated towards the feeling of belonging.
A person is as influenced by future goals as by past experiences.
Birth order of the children in the family influence many aspects of their personality development.
b. Role of the Counselor The counselor is as a diagnostician, teacher and
model.
Helps the client to explore conscious thoughts, beliefs and logic for behaviors that are not in the client’s best interest or social interest.
Examines the faulty logic and empower the client to take responsibility to change through a re-educational process.
c. Techniques Asking the Question, “how client’s life
would be different if they were well”?
Spiting in the client’s soup: the counselor points out the purpose of the client’s behavior.
Task setting: helping the client set short term goals to achieve long-term goals.
2. Gestalt’s Theory
(Fritz Perls)
a. View of Human Nature A Gestalt means a whole, and
Gestalt therapy is based on the person feeling “whole or complete” in their life.
Gestaltists are antideterministic because they believe that people have the ability to change and become responsible
b. Role of the Counselor
To encouraged the client to make choices based on the now as opposed to past.
Help the client resolve the past.
d. Techniques Exercises include activities such as: i. fantasy ii. role playing iii. psychodrama
Experiments are unplanned creative
interventions that grow out of the here-and-now interaction between the client and the counselor.
3. Reality Therapy
(William Glasser)
People act on a conscious level
Identity or a healthy sense of self
is necessary
Human learning is a lifelong
process
a. View of Human Nature
As a teacher and a model to the client.
Creates acceptance and warmth helping atmosphere.
Focuses on client’s behavior.
b. Role of the Counselor
Counselor uses confrontation and a system termed WDEP
W for want, D for doing, E for evaluate, P for plan.
d. Techniques
4. Psychoanalytic Theory
(Sigmund Freud)
a. View
of
Human
Nature
Conscious Mind Present Mind
Subconscious Mind Floating Mind
Unconscious Mind Buried Mind
b. Role of the Counselor
To encourage the client
Develops a sense of
safety and acceptance.
Allows the client to
freely explores difficult
experiences from their
past.
c. Techniques
Free Association is
a process where the
client verbalizes any thoughts that
may be without
censorship, even the
trivial ones.
Dream Analysis is a process where the counselor
interprets the obvious or manifest
content and the hidden
meanings of clients dreams.
Analysis of resistance is a process where the counselor
helps the client to gain insight
into what causes form the
basis for a hesitation or
halting of therapy.
Behavior Theory Of
Individual Counseling
(B. F. Skinner)
BEH
AVIO
R T
HEO
RY
OF
IND
IVID
UA
L C
OU
NSE
LIN
G
Human behavior is influenced by consequences. It strengthened when followed by reward and spoilt when followed by punishment.
Human behavior is controlled by internal factors and external factors as well such as the presence of significance Role models and other social rewards like praise and prizes.
Behavior is learnt in life individually, or by watching others learn, or by training or conditioning
a. View of Human Nature
THEY SERVE AS CONSULTANT ,A
REINFORCER AND A FACILITATOR
COUNCELLOR USING SOCIAL LEARNING MAY MODEL
DESIRE BEHAVIOR
RESPONDENT AND OPERANT CONDITIONING COUNSELOR ARE MORE DIRECTIVE AND
PERSPECTIVE
b. Role of the counselor
1 • REINFORCE BEHAVIOURS
2
• USES CLASSICAL CONDITIONING FOR POSITIVE BEHAVIORS
3
• USES OPERANT CONDITIONING TO MAINTAIN CLASSROOM DISCIPLINE.
d. Techniques
No one else can know
how we perceive, we are
the best experts on
ourselves.
(Gross)
Thank you..