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2. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.2: Giao din ci t cc modul cng b phn mm MasterCAM X Bc 3:Chn Step 3:Install MasterCAM X ci t MasterCAM,giao din xut hin nh hnh 1.3 Hnh 1.3 Bc 4: Chon Next, giao din xut hin nh hnh 1.4 - 2 - 3. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.4 Bc 5: Chn Yes, I accept the terms of the license agreement, ri Next giao din xut hin nh hnh 1.5 Hnh 1.5 Bc 6: Khai bo User Name v Company Name, c th chn (i vi tt c mi ngi s dng my tnh ny) - 3 - 4. Bi ging MasterCAM (ch s dng phn mm ny i vi ngi ch ca my tnh c tn trong ngoc n bn cnh), sau chn Next, giao din xut hin nh hnh 1.6 Hnh 1.6 Bc 7: Chn ci t h thng n v mc nh cho qu trnh s dng sau ny l Metric [mm], v chn HASP or NetHASP cho h thng s dng ca my tnh sau chn Next, giao din xut hin nh hnh 1.7 - 4 - 5. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.7 Bc 8: Xc nhn th mc ci t cho MasterCAM, Sau chn Next, giao din xut hin nh hnh 1.8 Hnh 1.8 - 5 - 6. Bi ging MasterCAM Bc 9: Chn cc modul ng dng c sn trong b ci v kim tra dung lng yu cu cng nh dung lng cho php trn ci t i vi yu cu ca MasterCAM. Sau chon Next, giao din xut hin nh hnh 1.9 Hnh 1.9 Bc 10: Chn Install tip tc ci t chng trnh giao din s xut hin nh hnh 1.10 Hnh 1.10 Tin trnh ci t thc hin, bn phi i cho n khi t 100%, v thc hin chn Finish kt thc qu trnh ci nh hnh 1.11 - 6 - 7. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.11 Sau khi chn Finish kt thc, MasterCAM t ng bt trang web: C:McamXWhats NewX.html gii thiu v nhng vn mi trong phin bn ny. Nu khng cn xem bn c th tt i. Sau khi n Finish bn phi i my ci t HASP Ch : Ti bc 9, nu dung lng khng vi cc ng dng chn, MasterCAM s thng bo yu cu g b bt cc ng dng khc ci t tng dng lng cn trng cho MasterCAM, hoc b bt cc modul ng dng chn trong khi ci t MasterCAM nh hnh 1.12. Hnh 1.12 V d: Ta b bt mt s modul ca MasterCAM nh hinh 7.13 bn di: - 7 - 8. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.13 Sau chn Next, nhng theo phng n loi b bt cc modul ng dng ca MasterCAM th tin trnh ci t khng cho php. Do trc khi thc hin bc 9, bn phi khng nh cn dung lng cho vic ci t MasterCAM, cng nh dung lng trng ti thiu cc trnh ng dng hot ng trn h iu hnh Windows. Bc 11: Cm Kho cng (Hard lock) vo cng my in LPT bt u lm vic vi MasterCAM. Trong trng hp bn cha mua bn quyn s dng, c th dng phng php sau c th s dng MasterCAM. Bc 12: Chy file c trn a ci t, giao din xut hin nh hnh 1.14 - 8 - 9. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.14 Bc 13: Chn , giao din xut hin nh hnh 1.15 Hnh 1.15 - 9 - 10. Bi ging MasterCAM Bc 14: Tch vo Make backup copy of patched files, nh hnh 1.16 Hnh 1.16 Bc 15: Chn , giao din xut hin nh hnh 1.17 Hnh 1.17 - 10 - 11. Bi ging MasterCAM Bc 16: Chn , giao din xut hin nh hnh 1.18, i tin trnh kt thc v xut hin thng bo hon thnh nh hnh 1.19. Hnh 1.18 Hnh 1.19 Bc 17: Chn OK kt thc, Ch trc khi lm vic vi MasterCAM, c th khng cn nhng bn nn khi ng li my tnh ln na tin trnh khi ng MasterCAM khng mc li. - 11 - 12. Bi ging MasterCAM 1.2 Khi ng MasterCAM C hai cch khi ng mt chng trnh MasterCAM X trong mi trng Window 9x v NT, XP: Cch 1: Nu bn to mt biu tng - shortcut trn mn hnh, Double Click vo , xem hnh 1.20. Cch 2: Trn thanh taskbar, Click vo nt Start All Programs MasterCAM XMasterCAM X Hnh 1.21: Mn hnh MasterCAM X 1.3 Mn hnh MasterCAM Sau khi vo MasterCAM, h thng s hin th mn hnh lm vic ca MasterCAM vi 4 phn vng chn sau: vng mn hnh ho, vng thanh cng c, vng menu mn hnh v vng hi p ca chng trnh (System response area) - 12 - Hnh 1.20 Vng Menu bar Vng thanh cng c (toolbar) 13. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.24: Mn hnh MasterCAM Vng ho: - 13 - Vng ho Trc to Vng Menu ph Vng to Vng hi p Vng iu khi n chy dao 14. Bi ging MasterCAM y l vng lm vic, ni cc m hnh hnh hc s ca i tng c thit lp hoc c gi ra v chnh sa. Vng cc thanh cng c (Toolbar): Thanh cng c l mt hng cc nt nm ngang pha trn cng ca mn hnh. Mi nt ny c mt icon hoc con s nhn bit. Ngoi ra nu cn mt m t r hn v mt nt no , ch cn di tr chut n nt , bn s c cung cp mt menu xng m t r hn v nt . Mun thc hin lnh tng ng vi nt no (Icon Command), ch cn click vo nt l yu cu c thc hin. Vng Menu: Vng ny nm bn trn ca mn hnh, cha menu bar. Menu bar c s dng chn cc chc nng ca MasterCAM, v d : Creat, modify, toolpaths... Cn menu ph nm pha di ca mn hnh c s dng thay i cc thng s h thng ca ch- ng trnh, v d: su Z, mu sc l nhng chc nng thng xuyn c ngi s dung thay i. Tt c cc lnh dng trong MasterCAM u c th chn t vng Menu . Vng hi p: Ti y, mt hoc hai dng vn bn di cng ca mn hnh s m t hot ng ca cc lnh. y l ni bn nhn c cc li nhc ca chng trnh. Phi quan st vng ny cn thn, c th n s yu cu bn phi nhp cc thng s t bn phm. Chn mt Menu lnh: Trong MasterCAM c hai cch chn mt menu lnh t vng Menu : 1. Di chuyn chut vo vng menu , khi hp menu cn chn sng ln th nhp chut kch hot lnh. 2. Bm phm tng ng vi k t c gch chn ca dng lnh trn menu mn hnh. Menu u tin xut hin trn MasterCAM l Menu bar nh trn hnh 1.5. Mt vi menu lnh c cc menu ph xung khi cc menu ny c kch hot. Bng di m t chi tit cc lnh ca menu chnh v menu ph xem bng 1.1 v 2.2. Bng 1.1 Menu bar STT Thnh phn ca menu bar M t 1 Analyze Hin th to v thng tin c s d liu ca i tng c la chn v d nh im, on thng, cung trn, b mt hoc kch thc ln mn hnh. iu ny thun tin cho vic nhn dng cc i tng c to ra trc , v d: xc nh gc ca mt mt on thng ang tn ti, hay l bn knh ca mt vng trn xc nh. 2 Create To ra mt i tng hnh hc (trong c s d liu v trn vng mn hnh ho). Cc i tng hnh hc bao gm: on thng, cung, vng trn, hnh ch nht v.v 3 File Cc thao tc x l vi file: save, open (m file), save as (chuyn i nh dng tp tin), Export directory (truyn d liu i), hoc Import directory (nhn d liu n). - 14 - 15. Bi ging MasterCAM 4 Edit Chnh sa i tng hnh hc trn mn hnh, gm cc lnh: fillet, trim, break v join 5 Xform Thay i nhng i tng hnh hc to bng cc lnh: Mirror, rotate, scale v offset 6 Screen V hoc in bn v, quan st cc hnh v, ch ra s lng cc i tng hnh v, phng to, thu nh, thay i khung nhn v nh dng cu hnh h thng. 7 Solids Thit lp m hnh hnh hc s ca i tng theo phng php dng hnh ca mi trng Solid Modeling 8 Toolpaths To ra cc ng chy dao s dng theo cc chc nng khoan (drill), ng contour v pocket 9 View Lnh phng to thu nh theo cc kiu... (Zoom window, Zoom target, Zoom in/out..........) 10 Machine type Chn cc kiu dng chy dao (Mill, Lathe, Router, Design) 11 Settings Thit lp cu hnh ca MasterCAM 12 Help Chc nng h tr hng dn Bng 1.2 Menu ph STT Thnh phn ca menu ph M t 1 Hin th v thay i su lm vic hin ti 2 t mu mc nh 3 t level lm vic 4 t thuc tnh cho dy ca nt v v kiu nt v layer lm vic, v dng hin th ca im, mu ca i tng 5 t mt phng ban u cho qu trnh dng hnh 6 Thay i hng nhn trn mn hnh ho. Ch rng, h- ng nhn ca mn hnh ho c th khng ph thuc vo mt phng dng hnh Ch : Cc menu, cc lnh v cu trc tu chn trong MasterCAM u tin chn Creat bng tr chut trn menu bar chn Creat Rectangle ta c th chn 2 v tr bt k trn vng to to hnh ch nht hoc nhp to cc im vo vng to . Ch n cc li nhc trong vng tng tc, n cung cp cho bn cc h- ng dn quan trng. - 15 - 16. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.25 T chc cy ca Menu CREATE Trong ti liu ny, cc la chn lnh nh trn c trnh by nh sau: Creat Creat Rectangle Ton b cc lnh trong MasterCAM c t chc mt cch h thng. Bn nn ginh thi gian xem xt chng, s thun li hn khi hc v thc hnh cc lnh mn hnh trong cc chng sau. 1.5Thot khi MasterCAM Mun thot khi MasterCAM, ch cn thc hin cc bc sau: - Di con tr chut ti menu bar - Chn File Exit - Xc nhn thot khi MasterCAM: chn Yes khi c hi. Hoc di tr chut ti nt close gc trn bn phi, kch chut v xc nhn thot khi MasterCAM. Hoc dng phm tt : Alt+F4 - 16 - 17. Bi ging MasterCAM 1.6 S dng cc lnh ng trong MasterCAM (MasterCAM Navigation commands) Hiu cc lnh ng ca MasterCAM rt cn thit khi mun s dng chng trnh mt cch hiu qu. Trong mc 3.3 chng ta xem xt cch gi mt lnh t menu mn hnh. tng tc thao tc, ta dng cch gi lnh khc nh ng mt gi tr mc nh v phm tt c m t di y: Gi tr mc nh - Default Values: Trong MasterCAM, cc gi tr mc nh c ci t bi chng trnh ( hoc l ngi s dng trc ) c ch ra trong vng hi p. V d: Nu bn quyt nh dng gi tr ny th bn khng cn phi nhp li gi tr ny na v c th dng mt trong hai cch sau - Bm phm chn im bt k trn vng to - a con tr chut ti nhp kch thc cn thit Nu bn mun thay i gi tr mc nh, bn nhp gi tr mi m cn xo gi tr c. Mt s phm tt s dng trong MasterCAM(15 phm): Alt - A M ca s AutoSave (T ng lu) Alt - C Chy chng trnh ng dng C-Hook (l chng trnh i km MasterCAM, h tr phn CNC) Alt - D Hin ca s cc thng s Drafting Global (Phc tho ton b) Alt - F Hin thanh cng c File Alt - H H tr trc tuyn Alt - M a ra danh sch cc b nh c ch nh cho MasterCAM Alt - O Qun l hot ng Alt - U Undo Alt - W Chn ch quan st PageUp/PageDown Phng to/Thu nh Phm mi tn Di chuyn khung hnh (Pan) Cc phm chc nng (19 phm): Phm chc nng Alt+ phm chc nng - 17 - 18. Bi ging MasterCAM F1 Zoom Phng to/thu nh cho va mn hnh F2 Zoom Previous hoc scale h s 0,5 Scale h s 0,8 F3 Repaint (tng t redraw trong autocad) Phn tch ti v tr con tr hin ti F4 Analyze (Phn tch) Thot khi MasterCAM F5 Xo Khng c tc dng F6 Khng c tc dng Khng c tc dng F7 Khng c tc dng Khng c tc dng F8 Khng c tc dng Configuration (la chn cu hnh ch- ng trnh) F9 Hin thng tin h thng V trc to F10 Khng c tc dng Khng c tc dng 1.7 S dng cng c tr gip (Help). Nu bn cn tr gip v cc phm chc nng, s dng cc phm Alt-H, chn search v g: Default special key assignment. Mt bng tr gip chi tit s c hin trn mn hnh. (Hnh 1.26) - 18 - 19. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.26 Trang tr gip trnh by cng dng ca cc phm chc nng Trong MasterCAM, bn phi ch rng mn hnh tr gip trc tuyn cng c th c gi bi Alt-H. Tr gip ny c trnh by di dng menu mn hnh, bn c th chn ch quan tm bng chut hoc l tt Help bng cch click menu bar pha trn ca mn hnh. 1.8Ci t cc thng s cu hnh Trong MasterCAM, cc gi tr mc nh ca thng dng ca chng trnh nh l: Allocations (Xc nh phn b nh dnh cho chng trnh), Tolerances (dung sai), NC settings (nh dng NC), CAD settings (nh dng CAD) c cha trong cc file thng s cu hnh (*.CFG). File thng s cu hnh ny nh l MillX.CFG cho n v Anh v MilliXM.CFG cho n v mt. Nu bn mun tu chnh nhng thng s mc nh khi khi ng ny, s dng lnh theo trnh t sau: Alt-F8 Hp thoi System Configuration hin ra nh hnh 1.27 Hnh 1.27 Hp thoi cc thng s cu hnh. Li khuyn: Bn nn copy cc file *.CFG ra mt a mm tin li hn khi bn mun phc hi cc thng s ban u. - 19 - 20. Bi ging MasterCAM Hp thoi ny c chia lm 3 phn: Cc tu chn nt, cc tu chn tab, cc tu chn ca file configuration hin ti. Di y s gii thiu chi tit cc tu chn trong hp thoi: Tu chn nt (Button options) OK ng hp thoi v thc hin ton b cc thay i. Khi bn chn OK, chng trnh s nhc (Hnh 1.28): Chn Yes, chng trnh s thc hin cc thay i v lu chng vo file Chn No, chng trnh s thc hin cc thay i cho ln chy hin ti, nhng khng ghi vo file. Cancel ng hp thoi m khng thay i v khng lu nhng thay i vo file Status Cho php bn xem nhng phn thng tin configurattion c chnh sa. Cc phn chnh sa th c cc du check (), b du check s hu b s thay i thng s tng ng trc ca bn. (Hnh 1.29) Assign Chuyn mt file CFG thnh mt file Post (*.PST). Merge Kt hp thng tin cu hnh t mt file khc vi file cu hnh hin ang m. Hnh 1.29 Tu chn Tab (Tab options) C 10 la chn Tab trong hp thoi ny, mi Tab a ra mt trang thng s cu hnh. - 20 - Hnh 1.28 21. Bi ging MasterCAM Allocations t cc gi tr ln nht cho cc c trng ca MasterCAM, v d s im trn mt ng cong, s im trn mt mt phng, s i tng c th phc hi xa (undelete), nh phn c s d liu (Tnh bng Kb), nh phn ng chy dao (Tnh bng Kb). Tolerances nh cc gi tr dung sai mc nh cho cc vng khc nhau ca MasterCAM. Hnh 1.30 Trang Tab Tolerances Communication nh cc ng kt ni truyn thng vi iu khin CNC v nhng thit b ngoi vi khc. (Hnh 1.31) Hnh 1.31 Trang Tab Communications Files nh cc gi tr mc nh cho file v th mc lm vic vi MasterCAM. (Hnh 1.32) - 21 - 22. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.32 Plotter Settings nh cc gi tr mc nh cho cc thng s ca my v. Khi chn, mt ca s s m ra cc thng s khng do Windows iu khin (non-windows driver). Nu bn chn hp check Use Windows driver gc di bn tri ca hp thoi, hp thoi s chuyn sang cc thng s do Window iu khin. Hnh 1.33 trnh by hp thoi cc thng s khng do Windows iu khin ca nh dng my v. Hnh 1.33 Hnh 1.34 l hp thoi cc thng s ca my v do Windows iu khin. - 22 - 23. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.34 Toolbar/key Gn cc phm chc nng v phm Alt, cc nt trn thanh cng c cho cc hm, C-hook, v cc Macro. Ti a c 50 phm v 99 nt c th c gn. Hnh 1.35 Hnh 1.35 NC Settings: nh cc gi tr cho cc d liu chung ca NC thng qua MasterCAM. Hnh 1.36 - 23 - 24. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.36 CAD Settings nh cc thng s mc nh cho thit k v d nh: Spline/Surface creation type (Kiu ng cong v b mt), Drafting settings (nh dng thit k), IGES write settingHnh 1.37 Hnh 1.37 Start/Exit nh cc gi tr mc nh m chng trnh s dng khi bn khi ng v thot khi chng trnh. Nhng gi tr mc nh ny bao gm cc file cu hnh, mt - 24 - 25. Bi ging MasterCAM phng thit k mc nh, tn cc file to thnh, nh dng C-hook v nh dng t ng lu. Hnh 1.38. Hnh 1.38 Screen: nh cch trnh by cc vng khc nhau ca mn hnh MasterCAM, bao gm font ch ca cc menu, cu hnh quan st mc nh, kiu nhp im mc nh, cc thanh cng c nhn thy khi khi ng Hnh 1.39 Hnh 1.39 V d Trong v d sau y, bn s s dng nhng lnh cn thit gii thiu trong chng ny lm vic vi MasterCAM. Bn s vo mi trng MasterCAM, hon thnh mt bn v v d n gin (H7.40), ghi n li v li m li n. Khng cn quan tm ti kch c hay kch thc ca bn v, nhng c gng thc hin cng ging cng tt. - 25 - 26. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.40 V d MasterCAM to go ! Trong qu trnh v, bn phi lm quen vi vic s dng chut, chn cc lnh t menu mn hnh, v nhp cc thng s khc t bn phm. Cc thi quen ny l rt quan trng cho vic lm quen vi MasterCAM v co ng dng ca n. Vic thc hin v d trn cn c chia thnh cc bc sau: + Vo MasterCAM + Phn tch cc i tng ca bn v. + To cc i tng hnh hc n gin + Ghi vo file + Thot khi chng trnh. + Khi ng li MasterCAM + M li file va to Step 1. Vo MasterCAM Tin hnh cc bc nh gii thiu phn 1.2 Step 2. Phn tch cc i tng ca bn v: Mt trong nhng yu cu u tin khi xy dng bn v l nhn bit cc i tng trong bn v (H7.41) v th t xy dng cc i tng . Mc d trong chng ny khng gii thiu th tc ny nhng n rt quan trng trong khi bn chun b cho bn v ca bn. Step 3. To tng hnh v: T bc 4 ti bc 9, bn chn cc im nh hnh 1.42 - 26 - Hnh 7.41 27. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 1.42 Cc im chn thc hin v d. Step 4. To hnh ch nht: Chn phn menu: Create Create Rectangle (Ch v thc hin theo li nhc trong vng tng tc) Enter the lower left corner Chn P1 Enter the upper right corner Chn P2 Step 5. To gc ln: (Fillet) Chn trn menu: Create Fillet Fillet Entities (Ch li nhc vng tng tc) Select an entity: Chn P3 Select another entiety: Chn P4 Step 6. To ng trn Chn trn Menu Create Arc Create Circle Center points ( Ch li nhc vng tng tc) Enter the first point (Nhp im th nht): Chn P5 Enter the second point (Nhp im th hai): Chn P6 Step 7. To cc hnh ch nht: Thc hin nh bc 4 v to 5 hnh ch nht cn li bng lnh Rectangle - 27 - 28. Bi ging MasterCAM Step 8. Copy ng trn Select an entity (Chn mt i tng): Chn P7 Chn trn menu: Xform Translate Chn trn menu: (Ch li nhc trn vng tng tc) Enter the points to translate from (Nhp im gc thay i): Chn P8 Enter the points to translate to: ( Nhp im ch thay i): Chn P9 Hp thoi translate Chng trnh hin ra mt hp thoi Translate cho php chn: Copy, move hay join v s bc thc hin. nh du kim vo mong mun v OK. Step 9. To ra mt dng ch: Chn trn menu: Create Drafting Note - Chng trnh hin ra hp thoi Note Dialog (Nh hnh 1) - Nhp vo hp Keyin : MasterCAM to go - Chn du kim cho hp Single Note (Ch to ra mt bn Text t bn nhp) - Chn OK, hp thoi ng li. - Chn v tr cho dng text trong ca s ho, click. Step 10. Lu vo file Chn trn Menu File Save File name Nhp BUS Step 11. Thot khi MasterCAM File Exit Yes - 28 - 29. Bi ging MasterCAM Step 12. Khi ng li MasterCAM Thc hin nh bc 1 (Nh gii thiu phn 3.2) Step 13. M li File va to File Get Open Chn File BUS.MCX, nhy kp hoc chn Open. Ch : Bn v va to phi ging nh hnh v mu cho. 1.9 Luyn tp Trc khi lm cc bi tp di y, bn hy xem li cc lnh cn thit gii thiu trong v d trn. 1. Bt my tnh v m chng trnh MasterCAM. 2. Bt u mt bn v mi V 6 on thng lin nhau (Gi : Create Line Multi sKetch) V 2 hnh ch nht V 4 hnh trn Vit hai dng ch Xa 1 on thng, mt hnh ch nht, mt hnh trn, mt dng ch. 3. Lu li vn v vi tn l EX 4. M li MasterCAM 5. M t chi tit cc vng ca mn hnh MasterCAM: 6. M t ngn gn cc cch la chn mt menu. 7. Phm chc nng cho lnh DELETE l phm no? 8. M t ngn gn cc lnh trong cc menu : Create, Modify, Xform. Chng II C s xy dng hnh hc 2D Mc ch: 1. Hiu c cc lnh v 2D nh : LINE, ARC, CIRCLE, RECTANGLE, CHAMFER, SLINE, ELLIPSE, POLYGON v LETTERS 2. Luyn tp s dng menu lnh create xy dng m hnh hnh hc s ca i t- ng gia cng. 3. Xy dng cc phn t hnh hc c s dng c s lnh create. - 29 - 30. Hnh 2.1 Bi ging MasterCAM Tng quan Cc phn hnh hc v dng vt liu ca i tng gia cng cn phi c nhn dng trong chng trnh CAD/CAM. Nhng file hnh hc sau c dng trong chng trnh CAM to ra cc ng dn dao thc hin qu trnh gia cng. Mt m hnh hnh hc hon chnh v chnh xc rt cn thit cho bt c mt phn mm CAM/CAM no trong qu trnh to ra cc chng trnh ng dng. im ch yu ca ch- ng ny l ch ra cho ngi k s bit cch s dng cc lnh ca MasterCAM to ra cc m hnh hnh hc 2D. Cc lnh s c ln lt trnh din trong chng ny bao gm: POINT, LINE, ARC, CIRCLE, RECTANGLE, CHAMFER, SLINE, ELLIPSE, POLYGON v LETTERS. Nhng lnh hiu chnh cc m hnh hnh hc s c nu ra trong chng 5 v lnh xy dng m hnh hnh hc 3D s c trnh by trong chng 10. 2.1 Menu khi to (create menu) MasterCAMX qun l cc lnh xy dng m hnh hnh hc s trong menu Create. to ra cc thc th hnh hc chng ta phi tun theo cc quy tc tun t trn thanh menu bar. Trong thanh menu create l nhng thanh cng c c th cn thit. Phn ny s ch cho bn bit cng dng ca tng lnh c trn menu create hoc cc biu tng trn thanh Sketcher. 2.2 Point v thanh cng c ca point: Lnh Point cho php nh du mt im trn bn v (du +), Cc im c th l im tham kho cho cc m hnh khc khi cn Chn Create > Point. T bn c th nhn thy bng chn la tip theo cho menu lnh ca Point. 2.2.1 Create > Point > Position hoc nhp chn biu tng - 30 - Hnh 2.2 31. Bi ging MasterCAM Dng lnh position to ra cc im trn mn hnh , c 10 tu chn sau bn chn la Hnh 1.3 Value (ZYZ) Nhp to Origin Chn im gc Arc Center Chn im l tm ca ng trn, cung trn Endpoint Chn im cui ca i tng v n gin Intersec Chn im giao ca 2 i tng Midpoint Chn im gia ca i tng Point Chn im d tn ti Quadrant Chn im ti gc phn t ca ng trn Nearest Chn im nm trn i tng c chn Relative Chn im c v tr tng i so vi im khc - 31 - 32. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 2.4 menu MasterCAM position 2.2.2 Create > Point > Dynamic hoc nhp chn biu tng To ra cc im trn i tng bng cch s dng chut hoc im chia Th tc: Chn i tng nh line, circle hoc spline Dch chuyn trn i tng v chn bng cch nhn phm trI chut ( kt thc nhn Esc) hoc chn i tng v sau khi bit hng dch chuyn th ta nhp khong cch v lng offset t im u n im cn xc nh Ch : Bn c th dng lnh ny to ra cc im trn i tng tI bt k v tr no 2.2.3 Create > Point > Node Points hoc nhp chn biu tng - 32 - Nhp ta X=3.0 ;Y=3.0 im c to Gc 3.0 2.0 1 Center im c to 2 Endpoint 3 Intersec Last Midpoint Relative Point Quadrant Chn 1 im tn ti trc Chn t ngim cui cngc to im tn ti X = 2.3 Y = 1.2 bn knh = 3 To 1 im ti imphn t cung trn Origin im gc(0,0) 33. Bi ging MasterCAM Gi li nhng im c dng to ra ng cong tham s Th tc : To ra 1 ng cong tham s (s c trnh by trong chng sau) Chn 1 ng cong tham s Ch : 1. Cc im l cc im dng xc nh ng cong tham s 2. Nu i tng c chn sai quy cch th h thng s bo try again. S dng phm Esc thot vic chn 2.2.4 Create > Point > Segment hoc nhp chn biu tng To lot im dc theo i tng vi khong cch bng nhau Th tc: - To ra 1 i tng nh line, arc, circle, fillet, hoc spline - S dng chut chn mt i tng tn ti trn - Nhp vo s im cn to hoc c th nhp vo khong cch gia cc im Ch : Nu bn mun chia i tng lm 3 on th bn c th dng lnh ny nhng s im cn chn l 4 2.2.5 Create > Point > Endpoints hoc nhp chn biu tng To ra 2 im u ca i tng c chn Th tc: - To ra 1 i tng nh line, arc, spline - 33 - ng cong tham s im chia Hnh2. 5 Trc Sau Hnh 2.6 34. Bi ging MasterCAM - S dng chut chn mt i tng tn ti trn - Chn Create Point Endpoints hoc kch chn 2.2.6 Create > Point > Small Arcs ??? 2.3 Line v thanh cng c ca line: Lnh Line l lnh v 1 ng thng trn mn hnh. Nhng Line c th l ng thng ng, nm ngang hoc bt k mt s nh hng no. N c th dng xy dng m hnh hnh hc th hin trong hnh di y Chn Create > Line t thanh menu bar bn s thy menu tip theo Hnh 2.8 : Menu ca Line Trong menu ny c 5 la chn. Chng c m t ngn gn trong cc mc sau y M t la chn tip theo trong Endpoints Endpoint To ra 1 line bng cch ch ra 2 im Closest To ra 1 line n ng cc i tng k tip Bisect To ra 1 line chia i gc to bi 2 ng thng giao nhau Perpendicular To ra 1 line tip xc vi cc cung hoc ng thng - 34 - Hnh 2.7 35. Bi ging MasterCAM Parallel To ra 1 line song song vi 1 ng cho trc Hnh 2.9 Ch : Kiu line v b rng ca n c mc nh hoc thay i bng cch pick vo thanh Cc kiu c th l Solid, hidden, center, phantom v break 2.3.1 Create > Line > Endpoints hoc nhp chn biu tng To mt ng thng bng cc la chn tip theo ( ng thng theo ta , ng thng theo di v gc, ng lin kt, ng thng ng, ng nm ngang, ng tip xc vi cc i tng ). Trong menu ny cn c cc la chn tip theo . Chng c m t ngn gn trong cc mc sau y. M t la chn ca line Value (ZYZ) hoc pick chut To ra 1 line bng cch nhp ta Multi Line To ra 1 ng thng lin tip Polar To ra 1 line bng cch nhp di v gc Vertical To ra 1 line thng ng - 35 - Gc Chiu di Horizoltal Vertical Perpendclr Palallel Endpoints Multi Perpendclr Polar Tangent Closest Bisect 36. Bi ging MasterCAM Horizontal To ra 1 line nm ngang Tangent To ra 1 line tip xc vi 2 cung trn Th tc: Create > Line > Endpoints > Value Ch ra im u tin < s dng menu v tr> : Pick P1 Ch ra im cui < s dng menu v tr> : Pick P2 Create > Line > Endpoints > Vertical Xc nh im u tin < S dng menu v tr >: pick P1 Nhp di : 3.0 Create > Line > Endpoints > Horizontal Xc nh im u tin < S dng menu v tr >: pick P1 Nhp di : 3.0 Create > Line > Endpoints > Multi_Line Xc nh im u tin : pick P1 Xc nh im th hai : pick P2 Xc nh im th ba : pick P3 Tip tc ta xc nh cc im tip theo P4, P5, P6 Ch : Vi MasterCAM X, Lnh UNDO phc hi c tt c cc i tng thc hin trc . - 36 - P3 P1 P2 P4 P5 Hnh 7.10 Hnh 2.11 Hnh 2.12 Hnh 2.13 37. Bi ging MasterCAM Create > Line > Endpoints > Polar Xc nh im u tin < S dng menu v tr >: pick P1 Nhp chiu di on thng (length) : 2.5 Nhp ta gc (angle) : 30 300 Create > Line > Endpoints > Tanget Ln lt chn cc v tr v i tng tip xc ( m t nh hnh v ) - 37 - 2.5 P1 30 2.5 P1 30 2.5 P1 2.5 30 30 P1 2.5 P1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 1 P 2 P 2 Hnh 2.14 Hnh 2.15 : to 1 line vi cc thng s :gc, chiu di, cung cn tip xc Hnh 2.16 : to 1 line tip xc vi 2 cung trn 38. Bi ging MasterCAM 2.3.2 Create > Line > Closest hoc nhp chn biu tng To ra 1 line n ng cc i tng k tip ( cc v tr ng kn 2 i tng gn nhau nht). Th tc: To ra 2 i tng cn ng kn kch chn tip sau chn 2 i tng va to ra Hnh 2.18 2.3.3 Create > Line > Bisect hoc nhp chn biu tng To ra 1 line chia I gc to bi 2 ng thng giao nhau Th tc: - 38 - Hnh 2.17 :To 1 line tip xc vi 1 cung trn v i qua im c bit 39. Bi ging MasterCAM To ra 2 ng thng , kch chn tip sau chn 2 i tng va to ra v nhp di ng thng cn to ra , t s xut hin 4 on thng c to ra t 4 gc khc nhau ca 2 ng thng, ta kch chn ng thng cn gi li Hnh 2.19 2.3.4 Create > Line > Perpendicular hoc chn biu tng To ra 1 line vung gc vi 1 line, cung trn, spline v i qua 1 im. Ta c 2 s la chn L Point: To ra 1 line vung gc vi 1 line, cung trn, spline v i qua 1 im. Arc : To ra 1 line vung gc vi 1 line tip xc vi 1 cung trn tn ti. Create > Line > Perpendclr > Point To ra 1 line vung gc vi 1 line, cung trn, spline v i qua 1 im. Th tc: To ra 1 cung trn Chn cung :pick P1 Xc nh im cui : Pick P2 Nhp dI ca line (nhn enter) : - 39 - 40. P2 P1 P3 P1 P3 P2 Hnh 2.21b Bi ging MasterCAM Ch : Nh trn hnh 2.21a,c 1 vI trng hp line c to ra khnng ct nhau dt khot vi 1 line hoc cung trn c chn la. Khi MasterCAM s t ng khong kp dI ca line hoc cung trn ti im ct nhau Create > Line > Perpendclr > Arc To ra 1 line vung gc vi 1 line tip xc vi 1 cung trn tn ti.(hnh 2.21b) Th tc: To ra 1 cung trn v 1 line Chn 1 line : pick P1 kch chn biu tng Xc nh cung trn c 1 line tip xc ti: Pick P2 - 40 - P 2 P 1 P 2 P 2 P 2 P 2 P 2 P 1 Hnh 2.21a Hnh 2.20 41. Bi ging MasterCAM Nhp dI ca line vung gc (nhn enter) : Chn line gi : Pick P3 Ch : tng t nh trn ta chn line gi li 2.3.5 Create > Line > Parallel hoc kch chn biu tng To ra 1 line song song vi 1 ng cho trc ( c di bng di ng cho trc). Ta c 3 la chn : to khong cch gia 2 ng bng cch kch chut, bng cch nhp khong cch xc nh, to 1 ng song song vi 1 ng thng v tip tuyn vi 1 cung trn. Th tc: To 1 line song song vi 1 ng thng cho trc khi bit khong cch gia chng To ra 1 ng thng kch chut chn ng thng : pick P1 nhp khong cch vo v chn hng (hoc kch chut chn im P2 m ng line cn to i qua ). Sau nhn Enter hoc Esc To 1 line song song vi 1 ng thng cho trc v tip xc ti 1 cung trn To ra 1 cung trn v 1 line Chn 1 line : pick P1 kch chn biu tng Xc nh cung trn c 1 line tip xc ti: Pick P2 Nhn Enter hoc Esc. - 41 - 42. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 2.22 Bi tp v line S dng lnh line v con chut ca bn v tng hnh di y. ng quan tm n kck thc chnh xc nhng hy c gng lm cho n ging vi hnh di y. Nh luyn tp bng cch s dng ht tu chn ca phn ny S dng lnh line v chnh xc hnh di y - 42 - Hnh 2.23 43. Bi ging MasterCAM 2.4 Cung trn v thanh cng c ca cung : Lnh Arc thng c to ra cc cung trn hoc ng trn. Hnh 4.25 ch ra cho ta thy vi v d v cc cung trn hoc ng trn c to ra trong chng ny. MasterCAMX cung cp 5 phng php to ra cung trn v 2 phng php cho v ng trn. Trong MasterCAMX cc cung trn v ng trn c to ra bng cch s dng 1 s tu chn. Select Create > Arc t menu chnh bn s tm ra c thanh cng c ca cung. - 43 - Hnh 2.24 Hnh 2.25 Hnh 2.26 44. Bi ging MasterCAM M t ngn gn cho mi cng c c th hin trong bng di y Arc option Description Circle Edge Point To ra ng trn khi bit 2 im v bn knh Circle Center Point To ra ng trn khi bit tm v cc thng s khc Arc Polar To ra 1 cung trn bng cch s dng h to cc Arc Polar Endpoints To ra 1 cung trn khi bit 2 im u, bn knh v gc chn cung Arc Endpoint To ra 1 cung trn khi bit 2 im u v ng knh hoc bn knh Arc 3 Points To ra 1 cung trn khi bit 3 im Arc Tangent To ra 1 cung trn tip xc vi cc i tng khc 2.4.1 Create > Arc > Arc Polar hoc kch chn biu tng To ra 1 cung trn bng cch s dng h to cc. Trong MasterCAMX c 3 tu chn, y l cc gii thch v cc th tc chng nh sau: To ra 1 cung trn bng cch a ra tm, bn knh, cung bt u v cung kt thc. Cc cung c nhp vo t bn phm Th tc: Nhp to tm: 0.0 Nhp bn knh : 1.5 Nhp gc bt u : 30 Nhp gc kt thc : 280 To ra 1 cung trn bng cch a ra tm, bn knh, cung bt u v cung kt thc. Cc cung c nhp vo bng pick chut Th tc: Nhp to tm : pick P1 Nhp bn knh (def val) : 1.5 Nhp gc bt u (def val) : pick P2 Nhp gc kt thc (def val) : pick P3 - 44 - P1 Hnh 2.27 P1 P2 P3 Hnh 2.28 45. Hnh 2.29 Bi ging MasterCAM To ra 1 cung trn tip xc vi 1 cung trn bng cch a ra tm, i tng tip xc, cung bt u, cung kt thc. Th tc: To ra 1 cung trn (chnh l i tng cn tip xc) Nhp gc bt u : 30 Kch chn sau chn cung trn cn tip xc Nhp to tm ca cung cn to: pick P1 Nhp gc kt thc Ch : C th thay i chiu quay ca cung trn bng cch kch chut vo chn chiu ph hp 2.4.2 Create > Arc > Arc Endpoints hoc chn biu tng To ra 1 cung trn khi bit 2 im v bn knh. Trong trng hp ny c 4 cung trn c to ra ta phi chn cung trn cn thit bng cch pick chut vo cung trn cn thit Th tc: Nhp to im u tin: pick P1 Nhp to im th 2: pick P2 Nhp bn knh cung trn: 30.0 Chn 1 cung trn : pick P3 Ch : c 4 cung trn bn c th chn do bn phi pick chut vo ng cung trn bn cn chn - 45 - 46. Bi ging MasterCAM To ra 1 cung trn khi bit 2 im v tip xc vi 1 i tng khc. Th tc: To 1 i tng cn tip xc : nh cung trn, ng thng Nhp to im u tin: pick P1 Nhp to im th 2: pick P2 Kch chn v chn i tng cn tip xc Hnh 2.31 2.4.3 Create > Arc > Arc 3 points hoc chn biu tng To 1 cung trn bit 3 im (3 im chn bng tay hoc nhp ta t bn phm ) Th tc: - 46 - Hnh 2.30 P1 P2 P3 Hnh 2.32 47. Bi ging MasterCAM Nhp to im u tin: pick P1 Nhp to im th 2: pick P2 Nhp to im th 3: pick P3 Ch : 3 im khng c nm trn 1 ng thng To ra 1 cung trn tip xc vi 3 i tng . Th tc: To ra 3 i tng cn tip xc : nh cung trn, ng thng. Kch chn Chn i tng u tin :P1 Chn i tng th 2: pick P2 Chn i tng th 3: pick P3 Hnh 2.33 2.4.4 Create > Arc > Arc Tangent hoc chn biu tng To ra 1 cung trn tip xc vi 1, 2, hoc nhiu line hoc cung trn. C 6 tu chn sau y: 1 entity: To ra 1 cung trn 1800 tip xc vi 1 i tng c chn Point : To ra 1 cung trn tip xc 1 i tng v i qua i tng khc Center line: To ra 1 cung trn 3600 tip xc vi 1 ng thng, tm nm trn ng thng khc Dynamic: To ra 1 cung trn tip xc ti im chn trn i tng c chn - 47 - 48. P1 P3 P2 Hnh 2.34 P1 P2 P3 ng thng tip xc ng thng qua tm R = 2.0 Hnh 2.35 P1 P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Hnh 2.36 Bi ging MasterCAM Create > Arc > Tangent > 1 entity To ra 1 cung trn 1800 tip xc vi 1 i tng c chn Th tc: To 1 line lm i tng La chn i tng m cung trn tip xc : Pick P1 Ch r im tip xc: Pick P2 La chn cung trn : Pick P3 Nhp bn knh (def val) : 10.0 Ch : Trong v d ny c 4 trng hp la chn c th xy ra, tu theo yu cu m ta la chn cung trn thch hp Create > Arc > Tangent > Center line To ra 1 cung trn 3600 tip xc vi 1 ng thng, tm nm trn ng thng khc Th tc: To 2 ng thng khng trng nhau La chn line s tip xc vi cung trn : Pick P1 La chn line cha tm ca ng trn : Pick P2 Chn cung m bn la chn : Pick P3 Nhp bn knh ca ng trn : 10.0 Ch : 1. Trong v d ny c th c 1 hoc 2 cung c to ra. Bn hy chn cung cn chn 2. Hai ng thng to ra khng c trng nhau Create > Arc > Tangent > Point To ra 1 cung trn tip xc 1 i tng v i qua 1 im Th tc: To 1 line hoc 1 cung trn - 48 - 49. Bi ging MasterCAM La chn i tng s tip xc vi cung trn : Pick P1 La chn im m cung trn i qua : Pick P2 Chn cung m bn la chn : Pick P3 Nhp bn knh ca ng trn : 20.0 Ch : 1. Trong v d ny c 4 cung c to ra. Bn hy chn cung m bn cn chn Create > Arc > Tangent > Dynamic To ra 1 cung trn (nh hn 1800 ) tip xc ti im chn trn i tng c chn, s dng h ta cc. Th tc: To 1 ng thng La chn ng thng s tip xc vi cung trn La chn im u (nm trn ng thng) ca cung trn : Pick P1 La chn im cui ca cung trn : Pick P2 Ch : nu mun bt chnh xc im u ca cung th sau khi pick chn ng thng tip xc th n S v nhp ta chnh xc vo (X, Y, Z) 2.4.5 Create > Arc > Circ Center Point hoc chn biu tng To ra ng trn khi bit tm v bn knh Th tc: Nhp to im tm < S dng menu v tr> : Pick P1 Nhp bn knh hoc chn i tng tip xc : P2 (Enter) - 49 - Hnh 7.37 50. Hnh 2.38 Bi ging MasterCAM 2.4.6 Create > Arc > Circ Edge Point hoc chn biu tng To ra ng trn i qua 3 im. 3 im trn khng c nm trn 1 line. Th t la chn khng quan trng Th tc: Nhp vo im u tin < S dng menu v tr> : Pick P1 Nhp vo im th hai < S dng menu v tr> : Pick P2 Nhp vo im th ba < S dng menu v tr> : Pick P3 To ra ng trn i qua 2 im (l 2 im u ca ng knh). Th tc: - 50 - P1 P2 P1 P2 P3 P3 Hnh 2.39 Hnh 2.40 51. tip xc vi 3 i tng 3 im 2 im Hnh 2.43 Bi ging MasterCAM Nhp vo im u tin: Pick P1 Nhp vo im th hai: Pick P2 2.4.6 Create > Arc > Polar Endpoints hoc chn biu tng To ra 1 cung trn khi bit 2 im u, bn knh v gc chn cung Chn im gc l im bt u ca cung cn to Th tc: Nhp vo im gc < S dng menu v tr> : Pick P1 Nhp vo bn : Nhp gc bt u ca cung : Nhp gc cui ca cung : Chn im gc l im kt thc ca cung cn to Nhp vo im gc < S dng menu v tr> : Pick P1 Nhp vo bn : Nhp gc bt u ca cung : Nhp gc cui ca cung : Luyn tp v cung v ng trn S dng lnh v cung trn v chut ca bn v mi hnh di y. ng vi quan tm n kck thc chnh xc m hy c gng v cng ging nu c th. Hy luyn tp vi tt c nhng tu chn m bn c hc - 51 - Hnh 2.41 Hnh 2.42 52. Bi ging MasterCAM Luyn tp v chnh xc cc hnh di y 2.5 Fillet v thanh cng c ca Fillet Menu k tip cho lnh Fillet l Create > Fillet To ra 1 hoc nhiu ng ln cho 2 hay nhiu i tng bng cch a ra cc tham s: 2.5.1 Create > Fillet > Fillet Entities hoc chn biu tng To ra 1 ng ln gia 2 i tng : ng thng, ng trn Th tc: To ra 2 ng thng Chn v thay i tham s ng ln (bn knh, gc v tu chn ct xn) nu cn thit. Trong bao gm : : To ra 1 gc ln nh hn 1800 : To ra gc ln pha trong ln hn 1800 : To ra gc ln l ng trn : To ra gc lon pha ngoi ln hn 1800 Trim : Ct b phn tha gc ln ca 2 i tng No Trim : Gi li phn tha gc ln ca 2 i tng : Nhp bn knh gc ln - 52 - P1 (0,0) P1 (0,0) P2 (2,0) P1 (0,0) Polar Circ 2 pts Circ pt + dia Hnh 2.44 Hnh 2.45: Thanh cng c cho Fillet 53. Bi ging MasterCAM Chn i tng u tin: Pick P1 Chn i tng th hai: Pick P2 2.5.2 Crearte > Fillet > Fillet Chains hoc chn biu tng To nhiu ng ln trn cc i tng ph thuc ln nhau trn 1 ln dng lnh Th tc: To ra cc line bng cch s dng lnh Create > Line > Multi Chn v thay i tham s ng ln (bn knh, gc v tu chn ct xn) nh nu trn, nu cn thit. Chn Chain Chn i tng u tin : Pick P1 Chn OK Ch : hy ch n chiu dch chuyn ca i tng c chn sau khi kch chn nhiu i tng v n c th nh hng n chiu ln ca gc ln 2.6 Chamfer v thanh cng c ca chamfer: Menu rectangle tip theo l Create > Chamfer. - 53 - Hnh 2.46 : mt vi v d v cng c Fillet Entities P1 Hnh 2.47 54. Bi ging MasterCAM Lnh ny c dng khi to ra gc vt gia hai ng tng khng trng nhau vi cc khong vt c a ra. C mt tu chn trong lnh ny l lnh thay i di vt Khong cch: thay i gi tr khong cch vt ca gc vt. Khi to gc vt, c hai khng cch cn c thay i. Khong cch c lin quan n im chn th nht (P1), v khong cch c lin quan n im chn th hai (P2) Ch : 1. Lnh chamfer c th hin tng t nh lnh Fillet 2. thay i khong cch, chn Ditances, v ch r khong cch vt th nht v th hai C cc ty chn sau ring cho lnh Chamfer : 2.6.1 Create > Chamfer > Chamfer Entities hoc chn biu tng To ra 1 gc vt gia 2 i tng: ng thng Th tc: To ra mt hnh ch nht Chn v thay i tham s gc vt ( di, gc v tu chn ct vt) nu cn thit. Trong bao gm : : khong cch vt th nht (khi s dng 1Distance) : khong cch vt th 2 (khi s dng 2 distance v Width) : gc ca ng vt (khi s dng distance/Angle) - 54 - Cc gc c vt Khong cch th hai Khong cch th nht Hnh 2.48 55. Bi ging MasterCAM : ng vt to bi 2 khong cch vt c di bng nhau : ng vt to bi 2 khong cch vt c di khc nhau : ng vt to bi khong cch vt th nht v gc vt : ng vt c xc nh khi bit di ca ng vt 2.6.2 Create > Chamfer > Chamfer Chains hoc chn biu tng To nhiu gc vt trn cc i tng ph thuc ln nhau trn 1 ln dng lnh Th tc: To ra cc line bng cch s dng lnh Create > Line > Multi Chn v thay i tham s gc vt ( di, gc v tu chn ct vt) nu cn thit. Chn Chain Chn i tng u tin : Pick P1 Chn OK Nhp gi tr v cc thng s lin quan n gc vt - 55 - Hnh 2.49 : mt vi v d ca cng c Chamfer 56. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 2.50 2.7 Spline v thanh cng c ca spline Trong MasterCAMX lnh Spline to ra 1 ng cong spline lin tc ,n i qua tt c cc im c chn, v c 4 tu chn ca ng cong ny. Ngi dng c th thay i cc tu chn ny . Tham s ng cong spline c thay i mt cch linh hot n c gi cho n khi i qua tt c cc im c i qua. Tng ng spline ca ngi thit k, Cc th tc tnh ton quy nh c cong v nghing gn ging vi nhng pha ca cc im NURBS l c vit tt t cm t Non Unifrom Ration B Spline ca ng cong hay mt phng. Khi a ra, NURBS lm trn hn so vi tnh u u ca ng cong spline v c th hiu chnh d dng hn bng vic a ra cc im iu khin. N l cng c ha dng a ra cc ng cong hoc mt phng. C bn cch a ra mt ng cong spline : Manual a ra bng tay tt c cc im cho ng cong spline Automatic a ra t ng tt c cc im cho ng cong spline Curves To ra spline t i tng tn ti Blend To ra spline c ly s trn ca hai cung trn , ng cong hoc line Menu tip theo cho spline l Create > Spline Hnh 2.51 thanh cng c cho spline - 56 - 57. P2 P1 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 Hnh 27.52 Bi ging MasterCAM Tu chn cui cng ca menu cho php bn hiu chnh nghing ca spline ti im bt u v im kt thc. Gi tr mc nh l ON 2.7.1 Create > Spline > Manual hoc chn biu tng a ra bng tay tt c cc im cho ng cong spline. Ngi s dng a ra cc im theo th t thch hp. -Th tc: Chn tt c cc im < s dng menu v tr> : Pick P1, P2, P3 Nhn Enter hoc nhn < Esc> kt thc vic chn la v to ra ng spline 2.7.2 Create > Slpine > Automatic hoc chn biu tng a ra t ng tt c cc im cho ng cong spline, ngi dng cn a im u, im th 2 v im kt thc. H thng t dng s chn cc im khc trong khong dung sai cho php ca h thng 1. im u, im th hai v im kt thc nn c to ra bng cc im ang tn ti bng lnh Create > Point 2. S dng lnh Create > Spline > Manual nu ng cong to ra khng theo mong nun ca bn Th tc: To ra mt vi im nh trn hnh v 2.53 Chn im u tin: Pick P1 Chn im th hai : Pick P2 Chn im cui cng : Pick P3 P1 - 57 - P2 P3 P1 P2 P3 Hnh 2.53 58. Hnh 2.56 Bi ging MasterCAM Khi cong thay i t ngt, cn to ra mhiu im xung quanh vng d dng iu khin hng ca spline. Trn hnh 2.54 Bn hy th so snh gia mt ng cong NURBS v ng cong tham s spline c to ra t nhng im ging nhau (hnh 4.55). Ch s khc nhau gia im bt u v im kt thc. 2.7.3 Create > Spline > Curves hoc chn biu tng To ra mt spline t cc i tng tn ti. Bn c th to ra mt spline t mt ng cong tn ti hoc ng cong lin kt bao gm: cung trn, line hoc spline. Nu bn mun to ra spline t mt i tng duy nht, hy kch vo tu chn Single. Kch vo Chain nu bn mun to ra mt spline t vi i tng kin kt vi nhau bng im cui cng ca n. - 58 - More point Hnh 2.54 Spline curve NURRBS curve NURRBS curve Spline curve Hnh 2.55 59. Bi ging MasterCAM 2.7.4 Create > Spline > Blended hoc chn biu tng To ra spline c ly s trn ca hai cung trn , ng cong hoc line 2.8 ng cong v mt phng Hnh 2.56 v 2.57 biu din cho thanh cng c ca tu chn Curve v Surface. Nt c trng ca ng cong trong MasterCAM l c th c s dng to mt s ca dng spline trn cc mt phng ca i tng tn ti. Cc hm Surface s c trnh by trong chng 11 v 12. - 59 - 60. Bi ging MasterCAM 2.9 Rectangle v thanh cng c ca rectangle: Menu rectangle tip theo l Create > Rectangle Hoc chn biu tng Trong MasterCAM, c cc ty chn sau to ra mt hnh ch nht. Polar : To 1 hnh ch nht khi bit ta 2 gc hoc chiu di v chiu rng Anchor to Center: Create mt hnh ch nht khi a to tm, chiu di v chiu rng Center surface: Mt lnh thay i tu chn to 1 mt phng c dng hnh ch nht bng cch a ra ta 2 gc ca hnh ch nht, cc ng thng c to ra qua hnh ch nht . - 60 - Hnh 2.57 61. Bi ging MasterCAM 2.9.1 Create > Rectangle > Center (Kch chn ) Create mt hnh ch nht khi a to tm, chiu di v chiu rng Th tc: Nhp vo to tm : Pick P1 Nhp vo chiu rng Nhp vo chiu di 2.9.2 Create > Rectangle > Center surface (Kch chn ) To 1 hnh ch nht khi a ta 2 im gc ca hnh ch nht Th tc: Nhp vo to gc di cng bn trI : Pick P1 Nhp vo to gc trn cng bn phi : Pick P2 Ch : ta im P2 c tnh theo ta tng i so vi im P1 2.10 Letter v thanh cng c ca Letter: M hnh ch ci c th s dng hiu qu trong vic ct nhng ch ci trn tm. Lnh letter c gi nh sau Create > Letters hoc chn biu tng - 61 - Hnh 2.59 62. Hnh 2.60 Bi ging MasterCAM Trong Letters bao gm cc la chn sau : TrueType(R) : S dng S dung phng ch Windows v chuyn chng thnh m hnh hnh hc Drafting: To ra m hnh t bn phng ch MasterCAM hin hnh Create > Letters > True type (R) To ra m hnh t phng ch tiu chun, Quan st ca s hin ra sau y v phng tiu chun. Chn font v font style, b qua font size v chn OK. Nhp ch vo letters : MasterCAM Nhp chiu cao ch vo Parameters height : 2.0 Chn hng cho phng ch trong bng Alignment Ch : H thng s a ra bn tu chn th hin phng ch Horizontal: Vit ch theo hng ngang Vertical: Vit ch theo hng dc Top of arc: Vit ch trn nh ca mt cung Bottom of arc: Vit ch nm pha di ca mt cung. Nhp khong cch cc ch vo Parameters spacing: 2.0 - 62 - Masterca mP1 Hnh 2.61 Ch ci nh hng 63. Bi ging MasterCAM Sau khi chnh sa xong phng ch ph hp th chn OK ri nhp im u tin cho cu ch. Ch : H thng s a ra cc ngh khc nhau sau cc bc. C hn mt bc cho ch ngang v ch dc, v c hn hai bc cho ch trn nh cung hoc pha di cung. Cho ch ngang hoc ch dc: Nhp im u tin cho cu ch (Enter stating location of center): Pick P1 Cho ch trn nh cung hoc pha di cung Nhp vo to ca tm cung: Pick P1 Nhp vo bn knh cung vo Arc Radius : 4.0 Vit ch ln cung trn Nhp to cung trn : Pick P1 Nhp to bn knh cung trn: 5.0 Vit trn nh hoc cui cung trn : chn Top hoc Bottom Ch : hnh 2.62 th hin cho cung trn Nhp ch hin th: ARC LETTERS Create > Letters > Font To ra ch t phng ch hin hnh trong MasterCAM . Trong c nhiu kiu phng ch cho ta la chn Th tc: Nhp ch cn hin th vo letters : MasterCAM Nhp im u tin cho cu ch : Pick P1 - 63 - Hnh 2.62 Ch vit thng v ch vit trn cung Hnh 2.63 : Cc kiu phng Drafting. P1 Hnh 2.64 64. Bi ging MasterCAM Ch : Phng ch MasterCAM c th thay i bng cch pick vo Drafting Options. Cc gi tr phng l Stick, Roman, European, Swiss, Old English, Palation v Dayville 2.11 Ellipse v thanh cng c ca ellipse: Menu ellipse k tip c vo nh sau: Create > Ellipse hoc pick chn Mt ellipse hoc mt cung ellipse c th c to ra bng cch ch ra nm tham s trong php cng vi im tm: Radius A : dng bn knh trc X ca ellipse Radius B : dng bn knh trc Y ca ellipse Start angle : Dng gc bt u ca gc. End angle : Dng gc kt thc Rot angle : Dng gc quay v hng ca trc X Center Point : Dng tm ca ellipse Surface : Chn i tng theo mt Base point : Dch chuyn ellipse sau khi nhp ta im tm (vi gc dch chuyn l im tm ca ellipse). MasterCAMX s biu din ellipse khi bn nhp xong im tm ca ellipse Ch : Tt c cc gc c o bng , hng ngc chiu kim ng h Th tc: v d 1 Th tc: v d 2 iu chnh ellipse vi ch nh sn iu chnh ellipse vi ch nh sn A (bn knh trc X) = 3.0 A (bn knh trc X) = 3.0 B (bn knh trc Y) = 1.5 B (bn knh trc Y) = 1.5 Gc bt u = 30 Gc bt u = 30 Gc kt thc = 300 Gc kt thc = 300 Gc quay = 0 Gc quay = 15 Chn Center Point Chn Center Point Nhp im tm: Pick P1 Nhp im tm: Pick P1 - 64 - P1 P1 Hnh 2.65 65. Bi ging MasterCAM 2.12 Polygon v thanh cng c Polygon: Menu polygon c gi nh sau: Create > Polygon hoc pick chn to ra mt a gic trong MasterCAMX bn cn khai bo nm tham s v to tm No. side t s cnh ca a gic Radius Bn knh ng trn ngoi tip hay ni tip ca a gic ng trn ni tip a gic ng trn ngoi tip a gic Bn knh ca gc ln gia 2 cnh ca a gic Gc xoay ca trc X Chn i tng theo mt Dng tm ca ellipse Ch : Gc bt u c o bng hng ngc chiu kim ng h Th tc: v d 1 Th tc: v d 2 Hiu chnh a gic s 1 Hiu chnh a gic s 2 vi nhng ch nh sn vi nhng ch nh sn S cnh ca a gic = 5 S cnh ca a gic = 5 Bn knh ca a gic = 1.0 Bn knh ca a gic = 1.0 o bn knh ti gc Corner o bn knh ti gc Flat Chn tm (Center Point) Chn tm (Center Point) Nhp to tm Pick P1 Nhp to tm Pick P1 - 65 - P1 P1 Hnh 2.66 66. Bi ging MasterCAM 2.13 Xy dng m hnh hnh hc 2D Trong phn tip theo ta c 5 bi tp, bn s luyn tp bng vic phi hp cc lnh c hc trong chng ny. Tng bc cc th tc hc s c hon thin. Ghi li cc file di cci tn c ch nh sn. Bn s nhn c cc file to ra cng c tip theo cho chng 7 v 8. - 66 - 67. Bi ging MasterCAM Project 1. To ra phn m hnh hnh hc nh trong hnh 2.67. Ghi lI file di cI tn contuor1. File s c s dng trong chng 7 Ch : 1. M hnh hnh hc trn i xng qua trc Y. 2. C s cho m hnh ny ch yu hai hnh ch nht, hai cung, hai gc bo. Step 1. To ng thng di cng Chn Create > Line > Create Line Endpoint Chn ng nm ngang Horizontal , kch chn Nhp ta im u: P1 Nhp chiu di ca on thng (Enter) Step 2. To 1 ng thng offset vi ng thng trn 0.75 Kch chn ng thng cn offset : P1 Chn Xform > Xform Offset Nhp gi tr offset vo Chn Coppy v hng offset (Direction) , OK Step 3: To ra 2 cung trn R4 v R5 Chn Create > Arc > Create Arc Polar Chn ch bt im Midpoint trong config Chn im tm nm trung im ca ng thng va to bn trn: P1 - 67 - Hnh 2.67 Hnh 2.68 Hnh 2.69 Hnh 2.70 68. Bi ging MasterCAM Nhp bn knh , gc ban u , gc kt thc Nhp xong nhn Enter hoc Esc Tng t chn im tm : P1 Nhp bn knh , gc ban u: , gc kt thc Nhp xong nhn Enter hoc Esc Step 4 : To ra cc on thng ni kn gia cung trn ngoi v ng thng di cng Chn Create > Line > Endpoint Kch chn 2 im ni to thnh 2 on thng nh hnh v Step 5 : To ra cc ng thng cn li Trc tin ta to 1 ng thng vung gc vi ng thng di cng v c di 7.0, bng cch : Chn Create > Line > Create Line Endpoint Chn ng thng ng , kch chn Nhp ta im u (l tm ca ng thng di cng): P1 Nhp chiu di ca on thng , (Enter) Offset sang 2 bn ca ng thng va to 1 lng l 1.5 v 3.0 Kch chn ng thng cn offset : P1 Chn Xform > Xform Offset Nhp gi tr offset vo Chn Coppy v hng offset (Direction) , OK Tng t Offset 1 lng 3.0 Ni 2 im u ca 2 ng thng (Offset 1.5) - 68 - Hnh 2.71 69. Bi ging MasterCAM Step 6 : Ct b v xa nhng ng thng khng cn thit Chn Create > Edit > Trim/Break > Divide Chn cc i tng ct : P1, P2, P3, c nh hnh v Step 7 : Create > Fillet > Fillet Entities Nhp bn knh gc bo Ch : Hy chc chn rng hai tu chn kia phi ng. Nu nu gc bo nh hn 1800 Chn mt i tng th nht : Pick P1 Chn mt i tng th 2 : Pick P2 Nhp bn knh khc Chn mt i tng th nht : Pick P3 Chn mt i tng th 2 : Pick P4 2 fillet c to ra nh trn hnh 2.74 M hnh hnh hc c hon thnh nh hnh 2.75 - 69 - Hnh 2.72 Hnh 2.73 P3 P4 P2 P1 Hnh 2.74 70. Hnh 2.76 Bi ging MasterCAM Step 8: Ghi li file lm Chn File > Save Chn ng dn ti th mc cn lu file trong Save in Nhp tn file (file name): contour1 Project 2. V ra phn hnh hc nh trn hnh v 2.76. Ghi lI file trn vi tn contour3. File ny s dng trong bi 3 ca chng 7. Ch : 1. M hnh ny c th to ra bng cch s dng 1 hnh ch nht v lnh line 2. Hoc mt s to im nh trn hnh di y - 70 - H nh 2.75 P5(2,3.5) P6(4,3.5) P2(6,4) P8(5.5,0) P1(0,0) P4(0.5,2) P7(5.5,2) P3(0.5,0) Hnh 2.78 71. Bi ging MasterCAM Step 1. To mt hnh ch nht Chn Create > Rectangle hoc chn biu tng Nhp gc di tri Nhp gc trn phi Step 2. To nm line Chn Create > Line , ri kch chn Multi_Line Nhp im th nht (P3) Nhp im th 2 (P4) Nhp im th 3 (P5) Nhp im th 4 (P6) Nhp im th 5 (P7) Nhp im th 6 (P8) Ta c m hnh nh hnh 2.79 Step 3. Lu tp tin. Chn MAIN MENU > File > Save Nhp tn file (Enter file name): contour3 Project 3 Xy dng m hnh nh hnh 1.80. Ghi li di tn pocket1 File ny s c dng to ra ng dn cho bi tp 5 chng 7. - 71 - Hnh 2.79 Hnh 2.80 72. Bi ging MasterCAM Ch : 1. To hai hnh ch nht v su ng trn 2. B gy hai ng thng ngang ca hnh ch nht trong thnh hai phn cho php ct ng trn thnh hai 3. Ct su ng trn v bn line ba i tng lnh Step 1. To ra hai hnh ch nht Chn Create > Rectangle Chn 1 im bt k : P1 Nhp chiu rng v chiu di ca hnh ch nht , nhn Enter Chn Xform > Xform Offset Contour Kch chn Chain ri chn Option , xut hin 1 bng la chn , ta chn i tng theo mu kch chn ,xong chn OK Chn i tng cn offset (hy n chiu dch chuyn ca i tng) , ri chn OK Xut hin bng chn cc thng s sau: Coppy, 1 i tng, lng Offset v hng Offset cho ph hp , xong chn OK Ta c kt qu nh hnh sau : Step 2. To su ng trn Chn Create > Arc > Arc Polar hoc chn biu tng Chn im tm : P1 Nhp bn knh , gc bt u , gc kt thc Nhn Enter hoc Esc Chn im tm : P2 Nhp bn knh , gc bt u , gc kt thc - 72 - Hnh 2.81 73. Bi ging MasterCAM Nhn Enter hoc Esc Chn im tm : P3 Nhp bn knh , gc bt u , gc kt thc Nhn Enter hoc Esc Chn im tm : P4 Nhp bn knh , gc bt u , gc kt thc Nhn Enter hoc Esc Chn im tm : P5 (s dng ch bt im Midpoint) Nhp bn knh , gc bt u , gc kt thc Nhn Enter hoc Esc Chn im tm : P6 (s dng ch bt im Midpoint) Nhp bn knh , gc bt u , gc kt thc Nhn Enter hoc Esc 6 cung trn c to ra nh hnh sau Step 3. Ct b nhng phn tha c m hnh hon chnh Chn Xform > Trim > Divide Chn cc i tng ct : P1, P2, P3, c nh hnh v - 73 - Hnh 2.82 H n 74. Bi ging MasterCAM Step 4. Save file li Chn File > Save Nhp tn file (file name): drill2 Ch : File hnh hc drill2 c dng khoan v ta r su l trong bi 8 chng 7 Project 4: To mt hnh ch nht v bn im nh trn hnh v Ghi li file vi tn drill3. File s c dng trong bi 9 ca chng 7 i tng hnh hc ny bao gm mt hnh ch nht v 4 im. H trc to ca cc im mc c th hin trong hnh 2.85 Step 1. To mt hnh ch nht Chn Create > Rectangle hoc chn biu tng Nhp gc di tri Nhp gc trn phi Step 2. To bn im Chn Create > Point > Position hoc chn biu tng Nhp to : Nhp to : Nhp to : Nhp to : - 74 - 11 4 2 1 1.5 2.25 2 2 2 0.75 Hnh 2.84 P3(1,1,-1.5) P6(5,3,-2.25)P4(1,3,-1.5) P5(5,1,-2.25) P2(6,4) P1(0,0) Hnh 2.85 2.8 3 75. Bi ging MasterCAM Step 3. Ghi li file Chn File > Save Nhp tn file (file name): drill3 Project 5. S dung lnh Letters to m hnh sau. M hnh ny gm hai ng trn v nm chui ch trong 3 loi phng; MCX (box) font, Arial, v TimesNew Roman. S dng cc phng to cc ch: 1. EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY Font = MCX (box) font Height = 0.5 Spacing = 0.05 Arc Radius = 2.4 2. INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Font = MCX (box) font Height = 0.3 Spacing = 0.05 Arc Radius = 2.5 3. CAD CAM Font = Arial (Regular) Height = 0.4 Spacing = 0.1 Arc Radius = 1.4 4. CNC Font = Arial (Bold Italic) Height = 0.6 Spacing = 0.15 Starting point = (-1,-0.3) 5. YES Font = Times New Roman (Regular) Height = 0.8 Spacing = 0.2 Arc Radius = 1.4 - 75 - Hnh 2.86 76. Bi ging MasterCAM Ch : Bn c th thay i mu v ch trn hnh trn Step 1.To hai ng trn Chn Create > Arc > Circle center point hoc chn biu tng Nhp to tm : Nhp ng knh : Nhp to tm : Nhp ng knh : Hai ng trn s xut hin nh hnh v 7.87 Step 2. To ra chui k t s dng mu 12 v level 2 Kch chn sau nhp 2 Kch chn sau chn mu 12 Chn Create > Letters Chn font : MCX (box) font Nhp letters : EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY Chn Top of arc Nhp chiu cao ch (letter height): 0.5 Nhp nng ca ch (letter spacing): 0.05 Nhp bn knh cung trn (arc radius): 2.45 Khong cch gia cc ch (spacing ) : 0.05 Chn cc thong s xong kch chn OK Nhp to tm cung trn : Step 3. To chui ch di y cung trn Chn Create > Letters Chn font : MCX (box) font Nhp ch ( letters): INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY Nhp chiu cao ch (letter height): 0.3 Chn Bottom of arc Nhp nng ca ch (letter spacing): 0.05 Nhp bn knh cung trn (arc radius): 2.5 - 76 - Hnh 2.88 Hnh 2.87 77. Hnh 2.89 Bi ging MasterCAM Chn cc thng s xong kch chn OK Nhp to tm cung trn: Hai chui ch c to ra nh hnh v 7.88 Step 4. Thay i level thnh 3 v color thnh 13 Chn Level sau nhp 3 Chn Color sau nhp 13 Step 5. To ra mt chui ch theo phng Arial trn cung trn Chn Create > Letters >True type(R) > font Arial (Regular) > OK Nhp ch (letters): CAD CAM Nhp chiu cao ch (letter height): 0.4 Chn top of arc Nhp nng ca ch (letter spacing): 0.1 Nhp bn knh cung trn (arc radius): 1.4 Chn cc thng s xong kch chn OK Nhp to tm cung trn: Chui ch c to ra nh hnh v 7.89 Step 6. To ra mt chui ch CNC dc theo ng thng Chn Create > Letters >Truetype (R) > Arial Bold Italic > OK Nhp ch (letters): CNC Nhp chiu cao ch (letter height): 0.6 Chn Horizontal Nhp nng ca ch (letter spacing): 0.15 Chn cc thng s xong kch chn OK Nhp im bt u ca chui: - 77 - Hnh 2.90 78. Hnh 2.93 Bi ging MasterCAM Chui ch c to ra nh hnh v 7.90 Step 7. To chui ch YES di y cung trn Chn Create > Letters >Truetype (R) > Times New Roman > Regular > OK Nhp ch (letters): YES Nhp chiu cao ch (letter height): 0.6 Chn Bottom of arc Nhp nng ca ch (letter spacing): 0.2 Nhp bn knh cung trn (arc radius): 1.4 Chn cc thng s xong kch chn OK Nhp to tm cung trn: Hai chui ch c to ra nh hnh v 7.91 Step 8. Lu tp tin Chn File > Save Nhp tn file ( file name): letter2 Project 6. Thay i ch CNC t level 3 v mu 13 thnh level 4 v mu 14 Step 1. Tm li file LETTER2.MC7 c lm t Project 5 Chn File > Open hoc kch chn Tm ng dn n file: Letter2.mc7 File s xut hin nh trong hnh 2.92 Step 2. Thay i s xp t thnh level 4 v color 14 Chn Level sau nhp 4 Chn Color sau nhp 14 Chn Menu Analyze > Entity properties hoc kch chn biu tng - 78 - Hnh 2.91 Hnh 2.92 79. Hnh 2.94 Hnh 2.95 Bi ging MasterCAM Chn i tng thay i (ch CNC) sau n Enter Xut hin bng ty chn, thay i thnh v kch chn Ch CNC c thay i thnh color 14 2.14 luyn tp: 1. Dng mt bn v no th hin menu lnh hc. To lp cc i tng hnh hc 2. Mt im c th xc nh trong MasterCAM bng bao nhiu cch? 3. C bao nhiu tu chn to ra mt ng thng trong MasterCAM ? 4. M t nt c trng khi to ra cc ng (line) lin kt 5. M t s khc nhau gia cung trn v ng trn 6. C bao nhiu tu chn to ra cung trn 7. C bao nhiu tu chn to ra ng trn ? 8. Ba tham s fillet l g? M t cch s dung cc tham s trn mt bn v 9. Spline l g? S im ti thiu xc nh mt spline? 10.Hai cch bnh thng to ra ng cong 2D trong MasterCAM l g ? 11.S dng mt bn v th hin cch to ra mt hnh ch nht bng 1 im v 2 im 12.M t th tc dng trong MasterCAM to ra phng ch 13.To m hnh 2.94 v m hnh 2.95 v ghi li di file di tn drill4. To ra m hinh (hnh 2.96) v ghi li di file di tn comb2. - 79 - 80. Bi ging MasterCAM Chng III: ng chy dao dng 2D t m hnh ti lp thnh ng chy dao * i tng: Nhn bit cc kiu ca mun ngng chy dao dng 2D v bit khi no s dng chng Xc nh cc tham s thng thng trong mun ng chy dao 2D p dng cc ng chy dao trn to ra chng trnh NC cho tng sn phm I. Cc ng chy dao ca mun 2D MasterCAM cung cp 3 nhm ca mun ng chy dao to ra ng chy dao: mun 2D, mun 3D, v mun nhiu trc. Ta s dng mun 2D to ra ng chy dao 2D cho gia cng phi c mt phng dng 2D. Ta s dng mun 3D to ra ng chy dao 3D cho nhiu loi mt 3D khc nhau v cho mun nhiu trc cho gia cng cc phn phc tp. Trong chng ny gii thiu mun chy dao 2D. MasterCAM s cung cp cho bn 4 ng chy dao ca mun ny: contour, pocket, drill, face v engraving. Bng di y s tng kt nt c trng v ng dng ca cc mun ng ch y dao 2D trn. Cc loi mun M t mun ng dng Hnh minh Ha Contour To ra ng chy dao dc theo cc i tng lin kt nh mt ng contour. Bao gm cc nhm hnh hc: Line, arc hoc spline Gia cng bn trong hoc bn ngoi bin dng Pocket To ng chy dao ct cc phn kim loi trong ng contour ng. Bao gm cc nhm hnh hc: bin gii ng Gia cng cc loi hp. Gia cng nhiu b mt ln Drill To cc ng chy dao thc hin khoan, tin trong, taro. Bao gm cc nhm hnh hc: point Khoan Tin trong Taro - 80 - 81. Bi ging MasterCAM Face To cc ng chy dao thc hin ct cc phn kim loi theo b mt Gia cng bn trn b mt chi tit Engraving To cc ng chy dao thc hin ct khc, tr, chm trn b mt Gia cng b mt chi tit II. Xc nh dng c MasterCAM nhiu loi tham s xc nh thng tin lin quan ti vic to ra ng chy dao. Cc tham s c th chia lm cc nhm nh sau: tool definition (xc nh dng c), tool parameters (tham s dng c), v module specific parameters (mun tham s c bit). Tool definition cho php ngi dng xc nh dng c mi, chn la cc dng c trong th vin, hoc hiu chnh cc dng c c sn. Tool parameters n c coi nh tham s thng thng bi v n c s dng thng xuyn trong tt c cc mun ng chy dao, trong khi module specific parameters ch s dng trong cc trng hp c bit khng c 1 trnh ng dng no lm khc c. Trong phn ny chng ta s cp n vn lm th no xc nh dng c mi, chn la dng c c trong th vin, v hiu chnh dng c tn ti. MasterCAM dng hp thoi ca cc loi ng chy dao xc nh, chn la v hiu chnh dng c. xut hin hp thoi y xut hin nh hnh v pha di Chn ri chn ng chy dao mun dng (Contour, Drill, Face, Engraving) hp thoi s xut hin tng ng vi ng chy dao chn Sau kch phm chut phI hoc chn xut hin bng - 81 - 82. Bi ging MasterCAM Tu chn s xut hin trong c cc tu chn b m i nu dng c c hot ng trn file ang hot ng. Xc nh 1 dng c mi Hiu chnh 1 dng c tn ti trong khi lm vic Thay i gc ca u dao Qun l dng c to 1 dng c mi ta phi t 3 tu chn trong hp thoi: tool type, tool/holder definition, v tool parameters. N c th hin nh di y. - 82 - 83. Bi ging MasterCAM Tool type Kch vo Tool type trong define tool ta m c hp thoi v cc loi dao. MasterCAM cung cp cho ngi dng 20 loi dao. Trong hp thoi cng xut hin cc dng c khc nhau. C cc d liu cn phI c t trong hp hi thoi l: Tool Diameter (ng knh dao), Holder size (c vng kp), Machining type (loi gia cng ct). Ta thy nh hnh v di - 83 - 84. Bi ging MasterCAM Tool size parameters (tham s c dao) MasterCAM dng cc tham s di y xc nh dng c Diameter Cho ng knh dao ct Corner radius Cho bn knh gc ca dao ct Arbor diameter Cho ng knh cn dao Flute Cho chiu di lm vic ca dng c Shoulder Cho chiu di ca c phn ct ca dao ct Overall Cho chiu di t u dao n i dao Holder size parameters (Tham s kch thc vng kp) Matercam dng cc tham s di y xc nh kch thc vng kp Holder diameter Cho ng knh vng kp Holder Cho chiu di t mp ti mt cui ca vng kp Tool number Ch ra s th t ca dao xc nh dng c ny Machining type (Loi gia cng ct gt) Trong mt vi dng c MasterCAM c cung cp Kh nng thm tham s xc nh loi gia cng. N bao gm cc tu chn sau: - 84 - 85. Bi ging MasterCAM Rough Dng c ny ch c kh nng gia cng th Finish Dng c ny ch c kh nng gia cng tinh Both Dng c ny c kh nng gia cng th v tinh Tool Parameter (Tham s c dao) MasterCAM dng cch t cc tham s xc nh d liu gia cng, v cc thng tin c lin quan n dng c ct. Hp thoi c th hin nh trong hnh di y Cc tham s xc nh d liu qu trnh gia cng v thng tin dng c c m t di y. Rough Step XY (%) Tham s ny ch ra s t l gi bn knh v phi trong q trnh ct. Trong mt s trng hp, n ch ra gi tr bc ch nh trong qu trnh ct. 1 inch ca my phay tng ng vi 60% ca gi tr rough Step XY, cho v d s c 0.6 gi tr khong cc bc cho bc trong qu trnh gia cng. Finish Step XY (%) Tham s ny ch ra s t l gi bn knh v phI trong qu trnh kt thc gia cng. Trong 1 s trng hp, n ch gi tr bc ch nh trong qu trnh kt thc gia cng. 1 - 85 - 86. Bi ging MasterCAM inch ca my phay tng ng vi 10% ca gi tr Finish Step XY, cho v d s c 0.1 gi tr khong cch bc cho bc trong qu trnh kt thc gia cng. Rough Step Z (%) Tham s ny ch cho ta bit chiu su trong qu trnh ct theo hng Z trong qu trnh ct. N th hin nh phn ca ng knh dng c. 1 inch trn my phay tng ng 50% ca gi tr Rough Step Z vi 0.5 chiu su trong qu trnh gia cng. Finish Step Z (%) Tham s ny ch cho ta bit chiu su trong qu trnh ct theo hng Z trong qu trnh kt thc gia cng . N th hin nh phn ca ng knh dng c. 1 inch trn my phay tng ng vi 10% ca gi tr Finish Step Z vi 0.1 chiu su trong qu trnh kt thc gia cng. Required pilot dia Tham s ny dng ch ng knh ca l th im ch ng dng ring cho dng c. Cc l ny thng c s dng cho qu trnh Taro, tin trong, khoan cc l ln v phay cc hc. Material Tham s ny dng chn la vt liu ca dng c. N c 6 tu chn sau: HSS: High speed tool Carbide : dng c l Cc bua C Carbide: dng c l than Cc bua Ceramic: dng c l Ceramic Borzon: dng c l ng Unkhown: Vt liu ca dng c khng xc nh % of Matl. SFM Tham s ny xc nh tc ct mc nh trn c s t l mt bng tc t c s d liu. Mt bng tc c xc nh chnh bng cch xc nh vt liu dao v vt liu phi. % of Matl. Feed/Tooth Tham s ny xc nh lng chy dao mc nh trn c s t l mt bng chy dao c s d liu. Mt bng chy dao c xc nh chnh bng cch xc nh vt liu dao v vt liu phI, chiu su ct , ng knh dng c - 86 - 87. Bi ging MasterCAM Tool filename Tham s ny chn la mi m hnh hnh hc dao 1 s hin th. MasterCAM cung cp 1 danh sch cc loi dao bn chn la nh di y Hy chn nt bn cnh tool file name ra thc n Open Tham s ny ghi li tn ca dng c ct. Bn cng c th nhp m t dng c m bn chn la Spindle Rotation Tham s ny dng ch chiu quay ca trc chnh theo hng chiu kim ng h hay ngc chiu kim ng h. Coolant Tham s ny dng iu khin dung dch lm ngui, n gm c 4 tu chn Off - Tt dung dch lm ngui Mist - Dung dch lm ngui dng sng m Flood - Dung dch lm ngui s dng dng chy Tool - Dung dch lm ngui s c a vo dc theo dao Create a new tool (To mt dng c ct mi) C 2 cch truy cp to ra 1 dng c ct mi. Cch th nht l: a con tr chut n v kch chut phI 1 dng tu chn cc kiu chy dao s c a ra ta - 87 - 88. Bi ging MasterCAM chn ng chy dao tch hp v chn hng chy dao trn chi tit ri kch s xut hin bng sau Sau ta c th chn hoc kch chut phI vo vng trng v chn s xut hin 1 trong cc bng sau V ta chn tip Fiter s c bng - 88 - 89. Bi ging MasterCAM Hoc Chn loi dao cn thit gia cng s xut hin bng nh hnh di y - 89 - 90. Bi ging MasterCAM Vi hp thoi ny ta chn cc thng s cho dao c nh v ng knh , chiu di dao . Ta chn tip vo Parameters s c hnh nh sau: Khi chn xong ta c th chn trn hp thoi ny, h thng s tr li hp thoi - 90 - 91. Bi ging MasterCAM Cch th hai ta c th chn ng chy dao t thanh Menu bar vi tiu v chn kiu ng chy dao cn gia cng nhng trc ht phI chn la i tng cn gia cng 1. Chn Toolpaths > Contour (hoc 1 trong cc mun ca toolpaths khc) 2. H thng mun chy bn phI chn i tng gia cng Ta li thc hin cc bc nh trn theo cch th nht Qun l qu trnh gia cng Sau khi ng chy dao c to ra, chng c biu th bng biu ,v c gi I to ra m NC, lc ny n s to ra ng chy dao v thng tin dng c mi. MasterCAM nhm cc hm trong vng chy dao Nh hnh v sau y Backplot To backplot ca vic chn la ng chy dao trn mn hnh Verify Xem phng n m phng gia cng Post Chuyn d liu v ng chy dao sang chng trnh NC Rengen Pathh TI to li hoc xo ng chy dao trn c s cc tham s mi Hm Backplot Hm ny hin th li ng chy dao khi a ra 1 phng php khc, thc n ny hin th nh di y - 91 - 92. Bi ging MasterCAM cho php nhn thy dng m phng khi ca lng kim loi c ly i cho php nhn thy mi im cui ca mt ng chy dao n cho php nhn thy cn dng c trong sut qu trnh gia cng mu cho php nhn thy dng c trong sut qu trnh gia cng mu - 92 - 93. Bi ging MasterCAM - 93 - 94. Bi ging MasterCAM Phng php hin th MasterCAM cung cp mt s tham s hin th dao v ng chy dao. Backplot display hin th nh hp thoi di y. Step mode Cng c hin th c th t 2 ch sau y: Interplate: Dng c c th hin ti mi bc nh sn Endpoints: Dng c c th hin ti mi im cui ca mt ng chy dao n - 94 - 95. Bi ging MasterCAM Cc tham s chnh ca Backplot c m t ngn gn trong bng di y Bao ph m hnh bng hnh tr cho ng chy dao Th hin ng chy dao mt cch nguyn vn Chn phng php thc hin cho qu trnh lm sch mn hnh trong suet mi ln dao khng thc hin thay i Tool Appearance Trong hp thoi Appearace s cho ta nhng tham s cn thit nh hnh pha di: Tool Appearance Tham s ny dng xc nh cch thc xut hin dng ct trong sut qu trnh backplot. C ba phng php sau: - 95 - 96. Bi ging MasterCAM Dng c ct c th hin bng mt khi cc ng thng n gin (Hnh a) Dng c ct c th hin bng cc rnh (Hnh b) Dng c ct c th hin bng ch t bng (Hnh c) - 96 - (Hnh a) 97. Bi ging MasterCAM Mu sc cho dng c v vng kp - 97 - (Hnh b) (Hnh c) 98. Bi ging MasterCAM Vic chn la mu sc cho dng c v vng kp c th chn la c loi mu v vt liu khc nhau. C 2 tu chn c m t ngn gn di y: Mu sc dng c Chn la mu sc hin th cho dng c Mu sc vng kp Chn la mu sc hin th cho vng kp Vt liu dng c Chn la mu sc hin th cho vt liu dng c Vt liu vng kp Chn la mu sc hin th cho vt liu vng kp Cc tham s lin quan khc n s th hin dng c mu ca ng chy dao Job Setup (Phi) Job Setup c dng xc nh thng tin v phi. Hp thoi c a ra nh hnh v Stock Origin and size (im tm v c) - 98 - 99. Bi ging MasterCAM Bn c th xc nh tm phI theo 2 cch sau y: kch mt gc hoc tm v im bt k. C 10 ch m bn c th chn la chn im gc ca phI, n bao gm tm im trn tm gc v hai im tm ca hai mt phng trn v di. Mt du nh vi mt mi tn c dng ch im m bn chn. C 2 nt bm m bn c th c dng xc nh im gia v cc gc: : dng chn gc phI bng cch nhp trc tip im Thng tin v hnh hc phI c in y nh trn hnh Material selection (chn la vt liu) chn c vt liu cn thit ta kch vo Tool settings hp thoi s xut hin, trong hp thoi ny phn Material nh hnh v di y kch vo Select c hp thoi sau: - 99 - 100. Bi ging MasterCAM Len. Offset v Dia. Offset Danh sch s th t v chiu di dng c v ng knh b dao c th c ch ra trong hp thoi ca tng loi dao khi gia cng tng phn ca chi tit nh hnh v sau: Xc nh cc tham s ng chy dao C cc tham s cn c chn la v phI a y cho ng chy dao Feed Calculation (Tnh ton lng chy dao) MasterCAM cung cp cc phng php tnh ton l- ng chy dao: vt liu, t dng c nh hnh di y - 100 - 101. Bi ging MasterCAM Tu chn MasterCAM cung cp 1 s cch che cc im v cc tham s thng xuyn khc. N c th hin chi tit nh di y Contour definition (nh ngha ng cong) Mt ng cong ph hp ca cc i tng hnh hc lin kt to thnh mt phn profin cho qu trnh gia cng. Li ch ca vic xc nh ng cong l cho php cc lin kt c t bng c to thnh cc i tng n. Cc profin v cc hp ct c s dng trong vic di chuyn dng c trong qu trnh ct. Hng ca cc i tng Chn 1 im l im bt u ca ng cong xc nh lm v tr bt u ca ng cong v hng ca ng cong . Hng ca i tng lin kt cng l hng ca dng cong.Hng ca i tng lin kt l im bt v im kt thc l im cui ca v tr chn, cc im c ch ra nh hnh v. C 2 loi ng cong: ng cong ng v ng cong m. Trong ng cong ng, i t- ng u tin v cui cng s c ni vi nhau. V ngc li ng cong m l ng cong 2 i tng trn khng lin kt vi nhau. - 101 - Midpoint of entity Pick position Chaining direction Pick position Midpoint of entity Chaining direction 102. Bi ging MasterCAM Phng php lin kt MasterCAM cung cp mt s phng php lin kt cc i tng c m t trong bng sau: Minh ha phng php Chain Xc nh ng cong ph hp bng mt chiu hay nhiu i tng lin kt Window Xc nh mt hay nhiu ng cong t cc i tng hon chnh pha trong ca s Polygon Xc nh mt hay nhiu ng cong t cc i tng hon chnh pha trong a gic Area Xc nh ng cong t mt nhm cc ng cong Single Xc nh mt ng cong ph hp ch l cc i tng n Point Xc nh l ng cong bt u t mt im xc nh Vector Xc nh ng cong l 1 vector Partial Xc nh ng cong l Last Gi li nhm i tng cui cng Unselect Hu b s la chn End Chain Kt thc vic xc nh ng cong ph hp mt chiu hay nhiu i tng lin kt Reverse o ngc v tr hng xc nh Options Thay i la chn Tu chn Chain - 102 - 103. Bi ging MasterCAM Tu chn ny c dng t ng lin kt cc i tng n thnh mt ng cong. Chn mt i tng tr thnh i tng u tin ca ng cong lin kt Sau hy chn i tng u tin ca ng cong lin kt, MasterCAM cung cp hiu chnh hng v im bt u ca ng cong - 103 - Pick position Midpoint of entity Midpoint of entity Pick position Chaining direction Chaining direction Chaining direction Chaining direction Chaining direction 104. Bi ging MasterCAM Tu chn MasterCAM cung cp 1 s cch che cc im v cc tham s thng xuyn khc. N c th hin chi tit nh di y thng qua bng Options bng cch chn Tu chn Polygon Tu chn ny cho php chn mt lot cc im ta xc nh mt a gic m ng bin ca n xc nh cc ng cong. N bao gm cc tu chn sau Inside Bao gm cc i tng nm trong a gic chn la In + Intrs Bao gm cc i tng nm trong v trn a gic chn la Intersect Ch cc im nm trn a gic chn la Out + Intrs Bao gm cc i tng nm ngoi v trn a gic chn la Outside Bao gm cc i tng nm ngoi a gic chn la - 104 - Chaining direction 105. Bi ging MasterCAM - 105 - Pha trong Polygon Nm trn v trong Polygon Nm ngoi v trn Polygon Nm trn ng Polygon 106. Bi ging MasterCAM - 106 - Nm ngoi Polygon 107. Bi ging MasterCAM Tu chn Area Tu chn ny cho php bn chn 1 ng cong trong mt nhm cc ng cong. Cc i tng chn nh hnh sau: Xc nh trc ta MasterCAM dng 4 hm xc nh ta lm vic ca chng trnh.N l home position, refere. Chng c m t di y. Home position Hm ny ch ra ngay lp tc v tr im tr v, trong tt c cc h iu hnh CNC u lnh tr v ny to ng hi da cho trc chnh v bn dao tr v im chun ca my. Hp thoi ny xut hin nh hnh di y Lnh chuyn v im tham kho c vit theo cng thc G90 G28 Xx Yy Zz G91 G28 Xx Yy Zz G90: di chuyn theo kch thc tuyt i G91: di chuyn theo kch thc tng i G28: lnh nhp v tr im X, Y, Z: v tr im Hnh mu cho s x dng lnh, tht s chng ta xp xp chng nh sau: G91 G28 Z0,0 - 107 - Chn im vo y 108. Bi ging MasterCAM G91 G28 X0,0 Y0,0 Trong s sp xp ny cho php chng ta di chuyn theo hng Z trc khi di chuyn theo hng X v Y Gi tr ta ca im tham kho c dng cc gi tr x, y v z. Vi gi tr mc nh X0, Y0, Z0. Lnh c vit nh sau: G91 G28 Z0,0 G91 G28 X0,0 Y0,0 Lnh ny c s dng trong 2 iu kin nh sau: 1) Thc hin vic thay i dng c.S thay i dng c phI c thi hnh ti im gc ca my trong tt c cc my CNC 2) Ti lc kt thc ca chng trnh, trc chnh v bn dao phI c di chuyn n im gc sn sng cho qu trnh tip theo Ch : Lun dng (X0 Y0 Z0) cho v tr home position v v tr lnh ca h thng c s chnh xc trong qu trnh post processeor. Hy cn thn trc khi bn nhp im ny cho h thng. Reference Point Hm ny c dng xc nh thm im tr v bn cnh im home position cho dng c tr v. Hp thoi xut hin nh hnh v Tool Origin v Tool Plane MasterCAM cho php xc nh 3 gc: system origin, construction plane orgin v tool plane origin. H thng c gc c ci t t ng bi h thng. Gc construction plane origin c dng xc nh li ng chy ca dng c. C 3 gc c mc nh trong h thng tr khi chng c xc nh li. - 108 - 109. Bi ging MasterCAM Nguyn tc xc nh li mt phng dng c cng ging nh xc nh ta bng G92. Gi tr ta c a trong tham s ny biu th gi tr ta ca gc h thng trong h thng mt phng dng. Tham s mt phng dng c c dng chn la mt phng dng c cho qu trnh hin hnh. C 3 mt phng chnh: XY, ZX, YZ. H thng s a ra m ca mt phng chn la ti phn chng trnh nh hnh di y Plane selection Command code Mt XY G 17 Mt ZX G18 Mt ZY G19 Cc tham s c th gn vi cc tham s sau: Top Nhn pha trn Front Nhn pha sau Back Bottom Right side Nhn pha cnh phi Lefe side Nhn pha cnh tri ISO Nhn theo tiu chun ISO Kch vo nt trn hp thoi ng chy dao m hp thoi sau: - 109 - 110. Bi ging MasterCAM Rotary Axis Hm ny c dng xc nh trc X hoc Y m bn mun xoay quanh n. Hp thoi s c kch hot khi bn chn Contour module: Mun ny c s dng to ra ng chy dao dc theo mt s cc ng thng v cung trn t profin ca mt phn hnh hc. Cc i tng ny dng 2D vi chiu su ct khng i. Contour Parameters khai bo cho cc tham s dng c ct, ta phI nm c tc dng ca tng tham s ring bit v cch thc to ra ng chy dao ca mi ng cong nht nh Cc tham s ny c nhm trong cc mc nh sau: Z - depth parameter, Depth cuts, Stock to leave, Multipasses, Compnations, v Lead in/out - 110 - 111. Bi ging MasterCAM Z - depth parameter (tham s chiu su ct) MasterCAM dng cc tham s sau xc nh chiu su ct: Xc nh khong cch an ton cho mi ln bt u chy dao Xc nh s hy b hot ng ca dao sau khi kt thc gia cng Xc nh khong cch dao bt u hot ng Xc nh ta Z ca nh phi Xc nh chiu su gia cng Tng chiu su phn kim loi cn phI ct c xc nh bng 2 tham s: top of stock v depth. N bng tng ca 2 yu t trn Depth cuts chiu su ct tham s ny ch ra s ln gia cng v gia cng tinh c chiu su ct mong mun. N cho php chng ta tc ng vo xc nh lng ct trong mi ln gia cng, cng nh trong gia cng tinh. Vy tng lng chy dao theo hng Z l chiu su ct mong mun. C 4 tham s cho chiu su ct xut hin nh hnh di y - 111 - 112. Bi ging MasterCAM Chui qu trnh gia cng c xc nh thao th t sau y Last finish cut Chiu su ct ln cui Second to last finish cut Chiu su ct ln cui qu trnh ct cui Subsequent finish cut Chiu su ct ln cui trn trc qu trnh ct cui Last roughing cut Chiu su ct ln cui qu trnh ct cui ln th nht Next to last roughing cut Chiu su ct pha trn sau qu trnh gia cng Subsequent roughing cut Chiu su ct trc qu trnh trn S ln ct ca roughing passes c xc nh nh sau: stepRough MaxpassesfinishofxsrepFinishcutofdepthTotal passesroughingof = #_ # Kt qu s c lm trn chuyn sang s nguyn. Mi roughing Step (Bc gia cng) s c t ng tnh ton li trong cng thc di y - 112 - 113. Bi ging MasterCAM steproughing ofpassesfinishofxsrepFinishcutofdepthTotal stepRoughing ##_ = XY stock to leave tham s ny nh r lng kiem loi c ly ra khi phI trong qu trnh ct. Vi cch ny cho php c 2 hng XY v Z. Vi hng Z c ch r trong hp thoi Depth cuts. Tham s ny trong hp hi thoi v tham s ng cong. Khi mt tham s non-zero c a tham s stock to leave, dng c s ct lng kim loi c a phn trc, hng ca qu trnh lm vic ny c xc nh bng cch offset tham s pha. Khi stock bn trI th vic b s c b sang bn trI, ngc li nu n bn phI th s b s c t l off. Multi passes: MasterCAM dng bn tham s trong hp thoi Multi Passes nh r s th t qu trnh gia cng th v qu trnh gia cng tinh v khong cch ca chng c nh bng cch chn la mt phng ct. Hp hi thoi ny c th hin di y Tng s ng cong phI vt qua s cho ta bit tng ca s ln ct ca qu trnh ct th v ct tinh. Bc cho vic gia cng th c xc nh bng cch xc nh c ca ng knh dao. S ln ct ca qu trnh gia cng th c tnh bng t l ca lng kim loi phI ly I v bc ca qu trnh gia cng th. Number of roughing passes = 2 Spacing of roughing passes = 0.25 Number of finish passesing = 2 Spacing of finishing passes = 0.25 - 113 - 1st roughing cut 2nd roughing cut 1st finish cut 2nd finish cut 0.25 0.5 0.5 Part boundary 114. Bi ging MasterCAM Machine finish passes at l tham s c dng trong qu trnh gia cng tinh c th hin chiu su ct cui cng hay tt c chiu su ct. Khi Final depth c chn, qu trnh gia cng cui cng s l tng ca mi bc gia cng Compensations tham s ny th hin s dch chuyn v b dao ca tm dng c l 1 khong cch t pha ca qu trnh ny. N thng c quy vo nh xc nh tham s b - ng knh dng c ct (CDC) hoc b bn kinh dao. N c dng trong cc ng dng sau y. 1. Cho php chng trnh chun b cc tham s ng chy dao lin quan vi phn hng ca trc to . 2. Cho php dng cc dng c ct c ng knh khc nhau tng on chng trnh m khng phI vit li chng trnh. 3. B dao trong khi thay dao mi, hoc tp hp cc dao 4. Cho php gia cng th hoc tinh vi tng on chng trnh ging nhau. Xo hoc thu li cc on chng trnh cho qu trnh gia cng tinh c th dng li cc on chng trnh trong suet qu trnh gia cng Tham s b dao c cc tu chn sau y: tool left (CDC left), tool right (CDC right) v tool on (CDC off) Tool left: Li ct ca dng c c dch chuyn sang bn trI ca ng chy dao Tool right: Li ct ca dng c dch chuyn sang bn phI ca ng chy dao Tool on: Tm ca dng c ct nm trn ng chy dao Hnh sau y th hin hiu ng ca 3 lnh trn trong ng chy dao - 114 - H- ng ch y da o H- ng ch y da o 115. Bi ging MasterCAM Ba lnh b dao trn c m ho thnh cc m G_codes l: CDC left: G41 CDC right: G42 CDC off: G40 MasterCAM dng 3 tham s b dao xc nh cch thc b dao: compensation in computer, compensation in control, v tip compensation. Hp hi thoi xut hin nh hnh v trn. Compensation in control (iu khin b dao): Tham s ny to ra s b dao vi cc lnh G40, G41, G42 cho tng loi chng trnh tu theo s chn la. Bn c th t tham s ny l Off, Left , Right. Khai bo s b dao c ch nh l iu khin b dao. Gi tr c lu tr trong qu trnh khai bo. Gi tr c th l ng knh thc t ca dao hoc gi tr khong thay i gia ng knh dao thit k v ng knh thc t ca dao. Cutter compensation in control Command in part program Left G41 Dd Right G42 Dd Off G40 - 115 - Tool left Tool right H- ng ch y da o Tool on 116. Bi ging MasterCAM d l gi tr ng knh dch chuyn Gi tr c lu li trong chng trnh iu khin CNC. Hnh sau y th hin nh hng ca gi tr dch chuyn trong chng trnh ng chy dao Ch : trn mn hnh my tnh, tm ca dng c ct s khng c dch chuyn ngay c khi trong qu trnh b dao bng iu khin c t l right hoc left Compensation in Computer: tham s ny lm cho dng c ct di theo hng ch nh theo di ng knh dng c ct. Tham s ny c th chn l left, right hoc off. Khng c m ng knh b dao no c chin vo trong phn chng trnh ngay c trong khi tham s b dao trong h thng c ch nh l left hoc right. Ch rng s lm thay i gi tr to ca tm ng chy dao dng c ct. Ch rng vic chn la ng cc tham s b dao cho qu trnh ng dng thng by bi ri. Hai nhn t cn nhc trong vic chn la lng b dao l: 1. ng knh dng c c ng vi thc t cn chn la hay khng? 2. Dng c c lp vo hay cha? Bng sau th hin s phi hp ca 2 tham s b dng c ct Cc cch dng lng b dao ca h iu khin v h thng - 116 - 117. Bi ging MasterCAM H thng t ng b dao Lnh CDC Ch thch Hnh minh ho Off Off Khng a ra mt phn prfin khng ng. Li kch thc tt c cc pha u ging nhau v c cng mt gi tr bn knh Off On (Right or Left) Khng ng knh thc t phI ging nh ng knh thit k. Nu khng s gp li v tr. Li v tr ging nhau ca mt na s khc nhau gia ng knh thit k v ng knh thc t On (Right or Left) Off G41 Dxx or G42 Dxx ng knh dng c thc t phI c nhp vo bng cch khai bo (Dxx) khai bo phn prfin chnh xc On (Right or Left) On (Right or Left) G41 Dxx or G42 Dxx Cc im khc nhau gia ng knh dng c thc t v thit k c nhp vo trong vic chn la khai bo Ch : t 2 ch b dao bng my tnh hoc bng iu khin thnh On (Right or Left). N cho php dng c thay i v tr n v tr thch hp v ngoi ra n cn cho php dao ng gia ng knh dng c thc t v thit k c bi thng bng cch s dng vic iu khin b dao. Gi tr b c a. Gi tr b c a trong bng ng k nn c t l 0 nn khi khng c gi tr dao ng ng knh, ngoi ra gi tr b dao l khong khc nhau gia 2 ng knh. Ch : Compensation tham s ny cho php bn chn la lng b dao bn cnh dng c ct hoc nh ca n. Hnh sau s th hin cch xc nh tm ca dng c v nh vin ca n cho 3 loi dng c ct sau y: u bng, u trn, cnh trn. Hnh minh ho nh hng cho vic chn la li tm dng c hay cnh vin ca dng c trong thit k ng chy dao 3D. - 117 - 118. Bi ging MasterCAM Roll Cutter round corers: tham s ny nh ngha ng chy dao ti cc gc to thnh 2 ng thng lin kt. Mt cung trn c chin vo theo hng m m hnh chn la. Tham s ny c c bt tt (1) thnh gc c (Sharp), (2) khng gc (None), v (3) tt c cc gc (All). Mt gc c c xc nh bao gm mt gc nh hn 1800 (trong pha kim loi) (Hnh di y). Bng ti a cho cc loi ng chy dao theo gc, c 3 loi in hnh - 118 - 119. Sharp Corner Bi ging MasterCAM Mode Toolpath Sharp corners All corners None corners Lead in/ out : MasterCAM cho php thm mt ng thng hoc cung trn di chuyn ti im bt u hoc kt thc ca ng chy dao lm mt ca s di chuyn ca dng c v phi. S di chuyn khi thm vo im bt u ca ng chy dao c coi nh l lead in move, s di chuyn khi thm vo im cui ng chy dao c coi nh l lead out move. - 119 - 120. Bi ging MasterCAM Entry/ Exit line: ng thng nu trn c th c thm vo bng 2 cch nh sau: vung gc v tip xc. Thm theo phng php vung gc l thm ng thng theo hng vung gc vi on ng chy dao vung gc lin k, trong khi theo phng php tip xc l thm - ng thng tip xc vi on ng chy dao vung gc lin k. Tham s Ramp height xc nh chiu su Z cho vic dch chuyn su xung t im bt u ca ng thng dch chuyn ti im kt thc ca ng thng . Hoc chiu su ct Z cho qu trnh dch dap ra t im bt u ca ng thng dch chuyn ti im kt thc ca n. Entry/ Exit arc : mt ng thng c thm vo ti li n dao hoc thot dao ca ng chy dao c xc nh bng 3 tham s sau y: Radius: xc nh gi tr ng knh ca ng cong n dao v thot dao Sweep: xc nh gi tr gc ca ng cong n dao v thot dao Helix height: xc nh s thay i ca chiu su ct ca ng spline xon gc Pocket Modun Mun ny c dng to ra ng chy dao gia cng lng kim loi nm bn trong ca mmt ng cong kn. Hoc gia cng mt phng v gia cng cc o. Mun ny c 2 hp thoi chnh nh sau c dng xc nh hp v tham s my. Chng c th hin trong hnh di y: - 120 - 121. Bi ging MasterCAM Cc tham s ca hp hi thoi Hp hi thoi c xut hin nh hnh v di y. N bao gm tm nhm tham s sau y: Z-depth parameters, Depth parameters, Facing parameters, lapered walls parameters, Advanved parameters, Machining direrion v cc thng s khc - 121 - 122. Bi ging MasterCAM Z-depth parameters : Nhm thng s ny thng c dng xc nh chiu su ct ca ng chy dao. Chng cng tng t nh mun contour, y chng ta khng cp n chi tit m ch hng dn cch xc nh cc thng s trn. Depth parameters c su tham s ca hp thoi ny nh sau: Cc tham s ny th cng tng t nh trong trng hp mun contour nhng chng c bit hiu qu trong trng hp gia cng cc loi o. Use island depths l tham s ch chiu su ct cho trng hp gia cng cc o. Facing parameters : Nhm bn tham s ny l ko di ng chy dao gia vic s dng lnh facing v khng dng lnh facing. Mt lng ko di ca ng chy dao n st - ng bin c xc nh theo 2 tham s sau - 122 - 123. Bi ging MasterCAM Overlap percentage: Mt lng trn thm bng cch xc nh phn trm ng knh dng c ct. Overlap amout: Hng ca lng trn thm c a bng cch a ra gi tr ca tham s ny. Tapered Walls Parameters : to kh nng to ra mt - ng chy dao gia cng mt hp vi kiu ct hnh nn Kch vo nt bm Tapered wall pha di ca hp thoi ta c hp thoi nh hnh di y: Machining direction : tham s ny xc nh loi my phay c dng trong gia cng. N bao gm hai tu chn sau y: - 123 - 124. Bi ging MasterCAM Climb: To ra ng chy dao I ngc hng qua ca qu tnh phay (Phay nghch) Conventional: To ra ng chy dao theo bnh thng ca qu trnh phay (Phay thun) Advanced Parameters: Tham s ny c dng xc nh dung sai ca qu trnh ct v bc xon ca qu trnh gia cng. Hp hi thoi xut hin nh hnh v di y: Remachining Parameters : Tham s ny c dng iu khin hay remachining c s dng bt hoc tt chc nng ny thnh On s c ng chy dao. Other parameters danh sch cc tham s ny c lit k di y Tip comp: Xc nh lng b dao ti ng vin hay ti tm dao Roll cutter around corners: Ch ra loi gc cun (Sharp, Alll, hoc None) Linearization tolerance: Xc nh gi tr dung sai ca ng cong tuyn tnh Stock to leave: Xc nh lng cn li cho qu trnh sau gia cng Roughing/ Finishing parameters Hp hi thoi c th hin nh hnh di y - 124 - 125. Bi ging MasterCAM Cutting method MasterCAM cung cp 6 phng php ct cho qu trnh ct hp l: Zigzag, Constant overlap spiral, Parallel spiral, Parallel spiral/clean corners, Morph spiral, True spiral, and One way. By phng php ct trn c nhm thnh 2 categoies nh sau: Zigzag v Spiral. Nhm Zigzag c 2 tu chn nh sau: Zigzag v One way. Nhm Spiral c nm tu chn chnh. Zigzag method : Phng php ny to ra 1 ng thng hi v 4 ng thng chy dao gia cng hp. Hng ca ng chy dao c xc nh bng cch xc nh bng tham s gc gia cng. Tham s gc gia cng cng c quyt nh bi im bt u ca ng chy dao. Gc ca dng c ct c tnh ton t v tr ca trc X v mt gc xc nh ngc chiu kim ng h v mt gc m theo chiu kim ng h Phng php One way cng to ra mt ng chy dao ging nh phng php trn. im khc l phng php ny to ra ng chy dao theo cng 1 h- ng. Chng to ra mt rnh v li li theo hng Z nhanh chng ti im bt u tip theo v - a mt rnh theo hng xc nh. ng chy dao theo mu c tip tc cho n khi hon thnh cng vic gia cng. - 125 - 126. Bi ging MasterCAM Hng ca ng chy dao c xc nh bng cch xc nh qu trnh phay thun hay phay nghch c xc nh. Spiral method : Phng php ny dng c ct bt u t tm ca hp hoc im bt u ca hp v xon theo n theo ng bin ca hp. N gm 5 loi sau: Constant overlap spiral: To ra ng chy dao hnh xoy vi bc xon c nh Parallel spiral: To ra ng chy dao xon c song song Paralled spiral, Clean corners: To ra ng chy dao xon c vi gc qut Morph spiral: To ra ng chy dao xon theo bin dng, phng php ny cn t nht phi c mt o. N to ra qung ng chy dao di hn cc phng php khc True spiral: To ra ng chy dao xon c theo bc c nh - 126 - 127. Bi ging MasterCAM - 127 - 128. Bi ging MasterCAM Mi phng php u c 2 cch xc nh im bt u ca hp: im xon vo v im xon ra. MasterCAM dng tham s Spiral inside to outside xc nh phng php cn dng. Phng php im ra ca dng c ct ti tm ca hp hoc xc nh im bt u v vng xon ca hp. Theo phng php spiral in dng c s dch chuyn theo hng gim lin tc t ngoi v hp ti tm ca hp Stepover : gi tr ny l khong cch gia 2 ng chy dao st nhau k hp. Gi tr ny c xc nh theo 2 tham s sau y: Stepover percentage: Xc nh bc tnh theo t l vi ng knh dung c ct Stepover distance: xc nh bc bng mt hng s cho trc H thng s t iu chnh gi tr cc tham s khc khi 1 gi tr c a thnh mt tham s. Cc o nm bn trong ng bin ca hp chng khng c gia cng trong sut qu trinh to hp. Cc o phI l mt ng cong ng. MasterCAM c kh nng lin kt cc phn prfin tm ra ng chy dao hp l trn phI, cc phn prfin c kt hp to thnh. Nu trong hp c nhiu o khc nhau cng to nn mt o c nhiu ng vng m trn c chn la. Trong 2 trng hp o sau y, h thng s nhc nh sau click inside pocket. Nu hp th nht c chn la th hp th nht c coi l vng th nht, cc ng cong cn li s c coi l o. Nu ng cong th hai c chn th hp c th hin tt c cc ng cong trong vng th hai. - 128 - 129. Bi ging MasterCAM Rough Entry Hm ny ch r cch thc ca ng vo ca ng chy dao mu. Kch vo gia hp thoi Roughing/ Finishing parameters s m hp hi thoi Rough Entry. S c 2 cch thc th hin hp hi thoi; mt l theo ng xon c, hai l theo ng dc th hin nh hnh di y - 129 - 130. Bi ging MasterCAM Chng IV Thit k m hnh hnh hc 3D MasterCAM X cung cp mt nhm cc thng s cng c to ra cc hnh khi 3D. Ta s dng cc cng c 3D tao ra cc b mt phi c dng 3D khc nhau. Trong chng ny gii thiu cc cng c to b mt 3D. MasterCAM X s cung cp cho cc bn cc cng c ca mun ny: Solid Extrude, Solid Revolve, Solid Sweep, Solid Loft, (xem hnh bn) 1. Cng c Extrude (to khi c s) Cng c Extrude c s dng to khi, n c chc nng ko mt i tng v phc 2D thnh vt th khi (cng c th lm tng hoc gim th tch khi ca vt th) Cc bc thc hin nh sau: - To i tng 2D bng cc cng c 2D trn MasterCAM - Vo menu Soilds > Solids Extrude. Click chn itng 2D, ri nhp OK, xut hin hp thoi Extrude Chain nh hnh trn Trong : Extrude: + Create Body: to vt th khi (hnh a) + Cut Body: ct khi vt th c sn (hnh b) - 130 - 131. Bi ging MasterCAM + Add Boss: Ghp cc khi vt th (hnh c) Hnh 4.2a) hnh 4.2 b) Hnh 4.2c) + Extrude by specified distance: chiu dy vt th. + Extend to point: to khi vt th ti mt im + Vector: to khi vt th theo to vect + Re - select: Thay i hng ko ca vt th. Ta c th tu chn thay i bng cng c c hng thch hp + Reverse direction: i hng ko di theo chiu ngc li + Both direction: to v 2 pha ca i tng 2D + Draft: To khi vt vi mt gc cho trc: - Click chn Outward: (hnh 4.3a) - Khng chn Outward: (hnh 4.3b) Hnh 4.3a) Hnh 4.3b) - 131 - 132. Bi ging MasterCAM Thin Wall: To vt th rn c thnh mng: + Thicken Inward: hng dch chuyn ca thnh mng i vo (hnh 4.4a) + Thicken Outward: hng dch chuyn ca thnh mng i ra (hnh 4.4b) + Thicken Both Directions: hng dch chuyn ca thnh mng i v 2 pha (hnh 4.4c) i tng 2D gc i tng 2D gc i tng 2D gc Hnh 4.4a) Hnh 4.4b) Hnh 4.4c) 2. Cng c Revolve (to khi trn xoay) Cng c Revolve c s dng to khi, n c chc nng xoay mt i tng v phc 2D quanh 1 ng thng no thnh vt th trn xoay. Ch : - Mt phng v phc cha bin dng gc v ng Centerline phi c kck hot v trn c cha mt bin dng gc v mt Centerline duy nht - Bin dng gc khng c ct qua ng Centerline. Cc bc thc hin nh sau: o To 2 i tng v phc 2D bng cc cng c v 2D trong MasterCAM X o Click chn menu Solids >Solids Revolve. Click chn i tng 2D cn xoay ri nhn Enter, sau chn c thng lm trc. Xut hin hp thoi Revoleve Chain nh hnh 4.5. - 132 - 133. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 4.5 Trong : Revolve: + Create Body: to vt th khi trn xoay (hnh 4.5a) Hnh 4.5a) Hnh 4.5b) Hnh 4.5c) - 133 - 134. Bi ging MasterCAM + Cut Body: Ct khi vt th c sbx theo bin dng trn xoay (hnh 4.5b) + Add Boss to Body: ghp vt th khi vi mtvt th khi tr xoay (hnh 10.5c) + Start angle: gc bt u qu trnh xoay + End angle: gc kt thc qu trnh xoay + Re-select: thay i hng xoay ca vt th. Ta c th tu chn thay i bng cc cng c c hng thch hp Thin Wall: To vt th rn trn xoay c thnh mng cng ging nh to vt th khi Extrude: + Thicken Inward: hng dch chuyn ca thnh mng i vo + Thicken Outward: hng dch chuyn ca thnh mng i ra + Thicken Both Directions: hng dch chuyn ca thnh mng i v 2 pha 3. Cng c Sweep: (to khi dc theo bin dng) Cng c Sweep to ra cc khi c s, khi dng ng, khot bng phng php duy chuyn bin dng trn mt v phc dc theo mt ng dn Ch : - Bin dng phi kn vi hnh khi, i vi mt th c th l bin dng kn hoc h - Cc ng dn c th kn hoc h, ng dn khng c ct chnh n v m bo sao cho m hnh c to ra th b mt ca n khng c giao nhau. - im bt u ca ng dn phi i qua hoc nm trong bin dng Cc bc thc hin nh sau: - V mt bin dng kn, khng giao nhau, trn mt mt phng. - To mt ng dn i qua bin dng trong mt phng cha bin dng, cng c th ng dn l cnh ca m hnh. - 134 - 135. Bi ging MasterCAM Hnh 4.6 - Kch chn menu Solids>Solids Sweep chn mt bin dng, n Enter sau chn ng dnc, n Enter. - Xut hin bng tu chn nh hnh 4.6 Trong c 3 tu chn: o Create body: to vt th khi mi o Cut body: ct mt th c sn theo bin dng ca vt th mi to ra o Add Boss: ghp mt vt th mi vi vt th c sn 4. Cng c Loft: (to cc m hnh phc tp) Cng c Loft cho php to cc m hnh c dng phc tp bng cch ni cc bin dng trn cc mt phng. N khng hn ch s bin dng v phc. Nhng ch cc bin dng phi - c sp xp sao cho khi to vt th th b mt ca vt th khng c giao nhau. Khi s dng cng c Loft th cc bin dng khng c cng nm trn mt mt phng. Cng c Loft l cng c phc tp, do n c nhiu cch s dng khc nhau. Cc bc thc hin nh sau: - V cc bin dng khp kn, khng giao nhau trn cc mt phng. - Kch chn menu Solids>Solids Loft chn ln lt cc bin dng ri n Enter - Xut hin bng tu chn nh hnh 4.7 Hnh 4.7 - 135 - 136. Bi ging MasterCAM Trong c 3 tu chn: - Create Body: to vt th khi mi - Cut body: ct mt vt th c sn theo bin dng ca vt th mi to ra - Add boss: ghp mt vt th mi vi vt th c sn. 5. Cng c Fillet (v trn cc cnh hoc nh ca i tng): Cng c Fillet c chc nng v trn cc cnh hoc cc nh ca i tng. C hai la chn cho i tng Fillet l theo ng, mt vi mt. Cc bc thc hin nh sau: 5.1Fillet theo ng: Kch chn menu Solids>Fillet>Solids Filletsau kch chn ng cn Fillet ri n Enter. Xut hin bng thng s hinh 4.8 v ta nhp cc thng s. Hnh 4.8 5.2Fillet theo mt vi mt: Kch chn menu Solids>Fillet>Face -face fillet. Sau kch chn cc mt cn fillet ri n Enter. Xut hin bng thng s nh hnh 4.9 v ta nhp cc thng s. Hnh 4.9 6. Cng c Chamfer (Vt mp cc nh hoc cc cnh) Cng c ny c chc nng gn ging cng c Chamfer trong 2D, nhng trong m hnh 3D th cc cnh (Edge) hoc cc nh (Vertex) b vt mp. C 3 la chn cho i tng Chamfer. Cc bc thc hin nh sau: - 136 - 137. Bi ging MasterCAM 6.1Theo mt thng s (2 cnh vt c di bng nhau): Kch chn menu Solids>Chamfer>Solids one - distance chamferSau kch chn ng cn chamfer ri n Enter. Xut hin bng thng s nh hnh 4.10 v ta nhp di cnh vt. Hnh 4.10 6.2Theo 2 thng s khc nhau: (hai cnh vt c di khng bng nhau) Kch chn menu Solids>Chamfer>Solids two - distance chamferSau kch chn ng cn chamfer ri n Enter. Xut hin bng thng s nh hnh 4.11 v ta nhp di 2 cnh vt. Hnh 4.11 6.3Theo 2 thng s khc nhau ( di 1 cnh v gc vt) Kch chn menu Solids>Chamfer>Solids two - distance chamferSau kch chn ng cn chamfer ri n Enter. Xut hin bng thng s nh hnh 4.12 v ta nhp di 1 cnh vt v gc nghing. 7. Cng c Shell (to v) To v bng cch khot rng chi tit, m mt chn, v to thnh mng trong cc mt chn li - 137 - 138. Bi ging MasterCAM ng dng Mastercam vi trung tm Bridgeport TC1 Sau y l 1 s v d v thit k gia cng chi tit c kh trong trung tm Bridgeport TC1 vi s tr gip ca my tnh s dng phn mm MastercamX. Bn v thit k chi tit . 1.1 V thit k chi tit gia cng. Step 1: Vo Matercam Step 2 : Phn tch cc i tng ca bn v:Mt trong nhng yu cu u tin khi xy dng bn v l nhn bit cc i tng trong bn v v th t xy dng cc i tng Step 3 : To 4 hnh trn Chn Create Atc Circle Center Point hoc chn biu tng V ng trn th 1 Nhp to im tm : - 138 - Hnh 9.1 139. Bi ging MasterCAM Nhp ng knh : V ng trn th 2 Nhp to im tm : Nhp ng knh : V ng trn th 3 Nhp to im tm Nhp ng knh : V ng trn th 4 Nhp to im tm Nhp ng knh : Ta c kt qu nh hnh 9.2 . Step 4 : To ng vng cung Chn Create Arc Create Cirde Edge Point Kch chn : Nhp bn knh : Kch chn cc i tng cn tip xc Ch : V bn knh ln nn s c nhiu cung trn xut hin do bn phi kch chut vo ng cung trn bn cn chn. Ta c kt qu nh hnh 9.3 Step 5 : To cung bn trong Chn Xfrom Xfrom Offset - 139 - Hnh 9.2 Hnh 9.3 Hnh 9.4 140. Bi ging MasterCAM Hin ra bng thng s, ta chn copy v nhp lng offset Chn i tng c Offser v chn hng Offset. Ta c kt qu nh hnh 9.4. Step 6 : To 2 cung trn pha di Lm nh Step 4 v step 5 ( vi bn knh ). Ta c kt qu nh hnh 9.5. Step 7 : Ln cc gc bn trong Chn Create Fillet Fillet Entities hoc biu tng Kch chn biu tng Nhp bn knh : Chn ln lt cc i tng cn Fillet. Ta c kt qu nh hnh 9.6. Step 8 : Ct b nhng phn tha Chn Edit Trim/ Beak Kch chn Divide Chn i tng cn ct b. Ta c kt qu nh hnh 9.7. Step 9 : Save file li Chn File Save vi tn BAITAP_1 1.2 Thit lp ng chy dao . - 140 - Hnh 9.7 Hnh 9.6 Hnh 9.5 141. Bi ging MasterCAM 1.2.1 Chn loi my gia cng : Menu Machine T pe > Mill > 2 C:...MACHINEMILL 3-AXIS VMC.MMD ( My Bridgeport TC 1 l my phay 3 trc tr ng ) 1.2.2 Gia cng 3 l bng phng php khoan : Menu Toolpaths > Drill Toolpaths Kch chn tm l cn khoan, sau kch chn OK. Xut hin bng thng s Simple drill. Trong : Toolpath parameters : - Chn
