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Bhagwan Mahavir College Of Architecture

Building Materials & Construction

Timber Flooring

Submitted to :

Ar. Kunal Engineer

Er. Akash Chauhan

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Contents

What Is Timber Why Timber History Types of Flooring Joists and Types of Joists Construction details Joinery details Characteristics Advantages and Disadvantages Sketches

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What is Timber ?

Simply the name suggest that the flooring made of timber i.e wood is called timber flooring.

 Wood is a common choice as a flooring material due to its environmental profile, durability, and restorability.

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Why Timber ?

Long lasting i.e more durablity. Easy to clean. Easy to resurface. Soft for foots unlike concrete and tiles. Gives better look. Low maintainence. Soft for falling objective

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History

It wasn't until the Barouque Era (1625-1714) that wooden floors became elegant, starting with the French parquetry and marquetry patterns.

They were then hand scraped of their overwood, scrubbed with sand, stained and polished. 

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History

During 16th century The first wooden floors in colonial America were wide, thick planks

cut from the continent’s abundant old-growth forests.

During 18th century During 18th century wooden were lest bare end kept untreatable

after installation.

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History

It was kept on the action of time i.e as the time goes the timber gets treated according to requirement.

Before 19th century Decorative flourishes :As decoratively painted interiors became

popular in the 19th century, this technique was applied to wood floors, too.

Recent trend New trends include many of the types, shades,techniques. Wooden flooring is the symbol of royalness and wealthness too.

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Types of flooring

Strip flooring Wood block flooring Parquet flooring Plank flooring

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Strip flooring

They are narrow and thin strips of timber jointed by tongue and groove joints Normal strips 6 to 10 cm in with and 2 to 2.5 cm in thickness are

used

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Wood block flooring This consist of short but thicker wood blocks which are laid in

suitable designs over a concrete base This block are properly joined together with the grains exposed Size varying from 20*8cm to 30*8cm thickness 2 to 4 cm are used

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Parquet flooring

This is similar to block flooring except thin blocks are supported on sub-floors

The blocks are laid by means of hot glue in desired pattern and then nailed with panel pins

Popular in this days

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Plank flooring

In this type of flooring wider planks are used Jointed by tongue and grooves Normally Width

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Joists & Types Of Joists

Truss Purlin Girder Rafter

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Rafter

A rafter is one of a series of sloped structural members (beams) that extend from the ridge or hip to the wall plate, downslope perimeter or eave, and that are designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads

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Truss

A truss consists of typically straight members connected at joints, traditionally termed panel points. Trusses are typically composed of triangles because of the structural stability of that shape and design. 

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Purlin A purlin  is any longitudinal, horizontal, structural member in a roof.

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Girder A girder is a support beam used in construction. It is the main

horizontal support of a structure which supports smaller beams. Girders often have an I-beam cross section for strength, but may also have a box shape, Z shape and other form

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Timber flooring

Single joist timber beam double joist timber beam Frame triple joist timber beam

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264 bay cruck ,A barn in early 15th century

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Designed with single joist roofings

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Shown below is a contemporary house in Birmingham, laid with double joist timber floors constructed in late 17th centuries

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34Triple joist timber floorin house around great Britain in late 20th century

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Construction Details

In this type of flooring timber planks of 20 to 25mm thickness and

width - 150 to 200 A concrete bed of 100 to 150mm thick is laid. Wooden battens of 50 to 75mm thickness and trapezium in shape

are embedded in bed concrete at an interval of 500 to 700mm.

Wooden planks are laid on the battens. Planks are connected to each other-

by tongue and groove joints. Planks are connected to battens by-

using screws.

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Construction Details

In this type of construction base concrete is first laid in 15 to 20 cm thickness over it, a layer of mastic asphalt is applied.

Wooden block flooring is then laid over. blocks of size 20x 8cm to 30x8cm and thickness 2.5to4cm

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Joinery Details

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Joinery Details

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Characteristics

Durability . – it should be capable of resisting the actions of fungi, insects ,chemicals .

Toughness – it should be tough. Weathering effects – it should be able to stand -

reasonably the weathering effects. timber is bad conductor of heat .

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Characteristics

Variety. There are a lot of styles, colours and species of timber flooring available.

Affordable.--timber floor finish may last for up to 8 years. The cost of recoating a timber floor is more affordable. Timber is natural, hard wearing and when maintained and kept

clean it avoids carrying dust and allergens which promote asthma and other respiratory problems.

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Characteristics

Ecological. Timber Floors are ecologically friendly. Since it is a natural resource, timber is both renewable and recyclable

Easy to maintain --Maintenance of timber floors is easy. Flexible -- Hardwood timber floors will always look good both in

contemporary and traditional interior design.

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages Being strong and durable wooden floor provides infinite benefits as

it is as beautiful as any other designer flooring. Timber flooring can withstand huge traffic without replacement and

minimal maintenance. It just needs to be re-sanded or re-polished to retain its original

luster and finish. Eco-friendly and natural material which hardly requires energy

during manufacturing. Timber is hypo-allergic which do not extract dirt and other allergens. Good insulator and hygienic Low maintenance

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Advantages & Disadvantages

Disadvantages Expensive May loose its shine giving dull look Takes lot of time to set on the floor Sometimes slippery and dangerous

Sr No Type Application

1 BUTT JOINT Generally in Furniture as relatively its weaker

2 DOWELLED BUTT

The dowels inserted inside enables the joint to be used in excess load bearing units

3 DADO Used at T joints generally in connecting joists with pillars in a wooden construction house

4 RABBET Used at L junctions generally in furniture as the bonding surface area is less which disables higher load taking capacity

50Types of common Joints and its uses

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Sr No Type Application

4 DOVE TAIL Used at L junctions generally in furniture As well as in house constructions; the higher sticking surface area enables it to take much more load

5 MITRED WITH WOOD SPLINE

Used at L junctions but the Spline inserted inside makes it much rigid and tough that it can relatively take excess loads as compared to other joints

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6 MORTICE AND TENON

Used at T joints generally in FURNITURES as the tenon makes the bond so rigid that the joint can take much higher loads and makes the furniture much more durable

7 TONGUE AND GROOVE

Very common used joint as can be used in variable functions as straight joins and other types of the same

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Thank You

Harmil Kaiwan Shubham Bharg Jesmin Prachi Ayushi Riya Harshit soham