Trait Approach- Allport’s Theory

«±ÉõÀ UÀÄt ¹zÁÞAvÀ- D¯ï ¥ÉÇÃmïð£À ¹zÁÞAvÀ

Traits / «±ÉõÀ UÀÄt • Trait means a mode of behaviour which is

manifested in number of life situation consistently.

• «±ÉõÀ UÀÄtªÉAzÀgÉ, ªÀåQÛAiÉƧâ vÀ£Àß fêÀ£ÀzÀ°è C£ÉÃPÀ ¨Áj CxÀªÁ ¸ÀvÀvÀªÁV ªÀåPÀÛ¥Àr¸ÀĪÀ ªÀvÀð£Á ªÀiÁzÀjAiÀiÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

• Traits are defined as ‘relatively permanent and relatively consistent general behavioural patterns that an individual exhibits in most situations’.

• «±ÉõÀ UÀÄtUÀ¼À£ÀÄß »ÃUÉ ªÁåSÁ夸À¯ÁVzÉ ‘§ºÀÄ¥Á®Ä ±Á±ÀévÀªÁzÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §ºÀÄ¥Á®Ä MAzÉà jÃw¬ÄgÀĪÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå ªÀvÀð£Á «£Áå¸ÀUÀ¼ÁVzÀÄÝ, EªÀÅUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀåQÛAiÉƧâ¤AzÀ CzÀµÀÄÖ ºÉZÀÄÑ ¸ÀAzÀ¨sÀðUÀ¼À°è C©üªÀåQÛ¸À®ànÖgÀÄvÀ۪ɒ.

• According to Walter Michel, ‘Traits is a continuous dimension on which individual differences may be arranged quantitatively in terms of the amount of the characteristics, the individuals’.

• ªÁlgï ªÉÄÊSÉÊ¯ï ºÉüÀĪÀAvÉ, ‘«±ÉõÀ UÀÄtUÀ¼ÉAzÀgÉ, ªÀåQÛAiÉƧâ£ÀÄ ºÉÆA¢gÀĪÀ ªÀåQÛ ©ü£ÀßvÉAiÀÄ DAiÀiÁªÀÄUÀ¼ÁVzÀÄÝ, CªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ®PÀëtUÀ¼À ¥ÀjªÀiÁtzÀ DzsÁgÀzÀ°è eÉÆÃr¸À§ºÀÄzÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

Allport’s Theory / D¯ï ¥ÉÇÃmïð£À ¹zÁÞAvÀ

• Allport is defined the traits, ‘as a generalised and focalised neuron psychic system with the capacity to render many stimuli functionally equivalent and to imitate and guide consistent forms of adaptive and expression behaviour’.

• Gordon W. Allport has identified three types in traits.

• D¯ï ¥ÉÇÃmïðgÀÄ »ÃUÉ ªÁåSÁ夹zÁÝgÉ, ‘«±ÉõÀ UÀÄtUÀ¼ÀÄ MAzÀÄ ¸ÁzsÁgÀtÂÃPÀÈvÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÉÃA¢æÃPÀÈvÀ £ÀgÀªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀiÁVzÀÄÝ, MAzÉà gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ ºÉÆAzÁtÂPÁ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ C©üªÀåPÀÛ ªÀvÀð£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀvÀvÀªÁV PÁt¸ÀĪÀAvÉ ¤zÉÃð²¸ÀĪÀ CxÀªÁ C£ÀÄPÀj¸ÀĪÀ ºÁUÉ ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä PÁAiÀiÁðvÀäPÀªÁV ¸ÀªÀĪÁVgÀĪÀ ¥ÀæZÉÆÃzÀ£ÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß MzÀV¹PÉÆqÀĪÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀÄvÀ۪ɒ.

• D¯ï ¥ÉÇÃmïðgÀÄ ªÀÄÆgÀÄ «zsÀzÀ «±ÉõÀ ®PÀëtUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀÄgÀÄw¹zÁÝgÉ.

Cardinal Traits / ªÀÄƯÁzsÁgÀ ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ

• Primary traits, dominant in personal disposition• They are few in number but over rule

other traits.• Drift whole personality of individual

with them.Eg: Workaholic

Cardinal Traits / ªÀÄƯÁzsÁgÀ ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ

• ಪರಾ�ಥಮಕ ಲಕಷಣಗಳು, ವೖಯಕತ�ಕ ಇತಯಥ� ಪ�ಬಲ• ಅವು ಕಲವೕ ಆದರ ಇತರ ಲಕಷಣಗಳುತಳಳ ಹರಾಕುªÀÅzÀÄ

• ಅದರೂಂದಗ ವಯಕತ�ಯೂಬಬನ ಸಮಗ� ವಯಕತ�ತವಚಲಸುತ�ವ

Eg: ಕರಾಯ�ವಯಸನ

Central Traits / PÉÃA¢æÃAiÀÄ ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ

• Second to cardinal traits• Less pervasive but are quite

generalised disposition.• Eg: submissive, kind, honest etc.,

Central Traits / PÉÃA¢æÃAiÀÄ ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ

• PÉÃA¢æÃAiÀÄ ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄƯÁzsÁgÀ ®PÀëtUÀ½UÉ JgÀqÀ£ÉAiÀÄzÁV PÀAqÀħgÀĪÀŪÀÅ.

• EªÀÅUÀ¼ÀÄ ¥À槮ªÁV ªÀåQÛvÀéªÀ£ÀÄß ¥Àæ¨sÁ«¸ÀzÉà ºÉÆÃzÀgÀÄ ¸ÁªÀðwæÃPÀgÀt¢AzÀ ¸ÁPÀµÀÄÖ ¸ÀAzÀ¨sÀðUÀ¼À°è PÁt¹PÉƼÀÄîvÀÛzÉ.

• GzÁ: ವಧೕಯ, ಪರಾ�ಮರಾಣಕ ಇತರಾಯದ

Secondary Traits / C£ÀĵÀAVPÀ ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ

• Very specific but narrow traits• Dominant and strong enough to be

regarded as integral part of one’s personality.• Also called attitudes of a person.

Secondary Traits / C£ÀĵÀAVPÀ ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ

• ನದ�ಷಟ ಆದರ ಸೂಕಷ ಮ ಲಕಷಣಗಳು• ಪ�ಬಲವರಾದಮತು� ಸರಾಕಷುಟ ಬಲವರಾದ ಒಬಬರ ವಯಕತ�ತವದ

ಭರಾಗವರಾಗ ಪರಗಣಸಬಹುದು.• ವಯಕತ�ಯ ವತ�ನಗಳು ಎಂದು ಕರಯಲರಾಗುತ�ದ