Issues, Dilemmas and Directions

1

1. gain a better understanding of the current trends in collection development and management of print resources;

2. become aware of the key issues, problems, and challenges in acquiring and managing print resources; and

3. recognize the strategies of developing hybrid library collections

2

Objectives

“Libraries are changing. Funding limits and customer demands are transforming staffing levels, service models, access to resources, and services to the public. Administrators and taxpayers are seeking more efficient ways of delivering services to achieve greater returns on financial investments”. -- Michael E. Casey and Laura C. Savastinuk -- Library Journal, 2006

33

Introduction

“fast paced, driven by rapid changes in information technology, profuse with new digital resources, budget constraints, changes in teaching practices and learner policies and priorities” (Horava, 2009).

4

Libraries of today

Demonstrating value and its significant place in the organization

Defining library servicesReconfiguring library spacesPreparing for the future

5

The library’s mission

Resources and services that contribute to students success

Evidences to measure success, impact and value

Redefining and understanding the meaning of “library use” and communicating the ways in which library resources and services contribute to the institutions’ outcomes

6

Demonstrating value

Direction and rescue users from information overload

Link – user community to library catalogs, databases, e-book collections, select internet resources, e-course reserves, tutorials and to forums for communication and interaction

Access to networked resources and services– anytime, anywhere!

7

The library that provides…

8

The tasks, functions, and responsibilities now understood to be the portfolio of collection development librarians include selection of materials in all formats, collection policies, collection maintenance (selection for weeding and storage, preservation, and serials cancellations), budget and finance, assessment of needs of users and potential users, liaison and outreach activities related to the collection and its users, collection use studies, collection assessment and evaluation, and planning for cooperation and resource sharing9

Collection development (Johnson, 2008)

Electronic information access system that offers the user a coherent view of an organized, selected, and managed body of information – (Lynch,1995)

Organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically available for use by a defined community or set of communities – (Digital Library Federation, 1998) 10

Digital libraries

mix of traditional print material, as well as electronic based material

Evolved when electronic resources became more easily available for libraries to acquire for public use

With staff trained in electronic media as well as the traditional print forms 11

Hybrid Libraries

Physical browsing/ “touch and feel” a real book

Getting immediate help from a “real” person an ideal place to study Provides a communal space for learningGetting more detailed information from

traditional sources (e.g. books)Access to archival and older sources of

information 12

Perceived advantages of traditional libraries

Sum total of library materials : Books Manuscripts serials government publications, thesis and dissertations patents, standards and specifications CD-ROMS Electronic resources “e”

13

“library collection”

Retention of retrospective copies of print greater than fifteen years of age may not be necessary in most libraries

preference to maintain print copies of titles may be motivated by reasons outside of actual usage or patrons needs

Consideration of remote or off site storage

14

trends in collection development and management

of print resources

15

The ubiquity and proliferation of electronic resources in libraries has created a significant impact on the use of traditional and print

resources r16

17

Clearly, there is a tremendous economic and user-driven push to access the library's collections electronically

The Library is no longer just a repository for print collections and a quiet place to study, but a center for learning, communication, and interaction.

The shift from maintaining large and costly print collection towards the concept of access (instead of ownership)18

Print vs. Digital

Access (remote, 24/7, quick and wider)

Availability – no worries about a source being loaned out

Multiple use for single sourcesSearch capabilityLINKS to additional information

19

Perceived advantages of digital libraries

Selection criteriaMaintenanceAccess to the collectionCollection development policies

20

Collection Development Basics

Subject matterConstruction qualityPotential useRelation to the collectionBibliographic considerationsCost

21

SELECTION CRITERIA IN GENERAL

Some questions to ask to help in the evaluation of works of fiction:

Is it true to life? Has it vitality and consistency in character

depiction? Is the plot original? Is dramatic interest sustained? Does it stimulate?

22

Selection of Fiction

Non-Fiction

23

Authority Currency Scope Interest Organization Format

Special Features Cost Accuracy Impartiality

A publication in any medium, defined in AACR2 2002 as issued over time with no predetermined conclusion, including bibliographic resources issued successively in discrete parts and integrating resources into which updates are incorporated without remaining discrete. Examples include serials (periodicals, newspapers, etc.), monographic series, and updating loose leaf services, online databases, and websites. (Reitz, Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science)

24

Continuing resources

“A publication issued in successive parts, usually in regular intervals, and as rule, intended to be continued indefinitely, include periodicals, annuals (reports, yearbooks, etc.) and memoirs, proceedings, and transactions of societies.” (ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science)

25

SERIALS

“a periodical publication especially dealing with matters of current interest- often used for official or semi-official publications of special groups”

26

Journal

a periodical that usually contains a miscellaneous collection of articles, stories, poems, and pictures and is directed at the general reading public

27

Magazine

Selection Criteria for Serials

28

Purpose, scope and audience

AccuracyLocal interestFormat issues

Indexing costDemandAvailability

supplementary materials that can provide up-to-date information

evaluated as other printed materials are and most of the selection criteria for books are equally applicable

29

Pamphlets

a generic term for both microfilms and microfiche

a format not liked much by so many people the format that libraries resort to a good format for materials that are seldom

used also good alternative format for rare and

archival materials. 30

Microform

Microfilm

31

Microfiche32

Budget allocation DurabilityAudio Visual qualityEase of repairType of equipment requiredAV technology that is long-lasting

33

Multi-Media Main Points for Consideration

FilmstripsSlidesTransparenciesFlat pictures (include paintings, posters,

postcards, photographs and other pictorial materials)

34

STILL PICTURES

Films - Comes in variety of sizes: the 7, Super 8, 16mm and 35 mm; the 70mm is the format used in theatrical releases and is also the format collected by film archives

Video recordings -Videos are extremely popular with library patrons.

35

MOVING PICTURES

include maps, photographs and globes

Problems: little bibliographic control and making decisions as to whether circulate OR be used only within the premises of the library

36

Graphic Materials

Cassettes, DVDs, CDs Books on tape or “talking books” Points to consider: - How will your audio collection support your library's

goals - Will your audio collection focus on all or only certain

genres? - Will you collect complete works or abridged versions?

Does abridging the work affect the story? - How well does the reader project his/her voice? - How durable is the product? - What is the overall quality of the recording?37

Audio Recordings

Printed MusicMusic sheets and scores (full size or

miniature)Models, dioramasGames

38

Other Media

obsolete technologyobsolete technology

http://retrofizz.com/index.php?vars=portfolio/17

39

“who needs print when everything is in the net?” Need to expand the means of managing collections Evolving patterns in scholarly communication Dealing with grey literature Collection evaluation and performance assessment Weeding, de-selection and obsolescence

40

Challenges to traditional or print

Completeness – ALL the pages, images, content, figures, tables, reviews, letters, notes, etc.

Timeliness – should appear online the SAME TIME as the print, if not earlier

Reliability – ensured access, quick server response, stable URL, back-up server

41

Criteria for replacing print with “e”

Site license must include provisions for the permanent library retention of the purchased content during the license period

Adherence to the legal provisions for long-term access

Sustainable access provisions42

Criteria for replacing print with “e”

Shift of information distribution patterns

43

WHY paper?

PRINT COPY DISTRIBUTE

VIEW

Constant review of renewals to monitor costs Monitor circulation metrics to determine actual

usage Consider for discard old or superseded materials,

particularly those that are easily accessible and available from other libraries

Always keep a detailed budget report to assist in the conduct of reviews

Recommend cost-effective alternatives that should help in determining what materials to keep and maintain 44

Considerations in maintaining print

Source: http://www.swets.com/blog/how-to-build-a-successful-collection-management-strategy#.Udl8rTs3CGs

45

When books are the primary sources When there is an immediate need for help from

a librarian When there is a need to browse a collection When there is a need for a quiet space When online is too exorbitant and totally

unaffordable When reading something for the sheer pleasure

of it.46

When is “traditional” or print is more preferable?

Users desire a hybrid information environment in which online information does not necessarily replace or make obsolete information in print but adds new access opportunities

Print and digital have their unique advantages and limitations

Each plays a different role and serves the needs of users in different ways

47

Print and Digital

Code of Ethics for Librarians

48

Republic of the PhilippinesPROFESSIONAL REGULATION

COMMISSIONManila

 BOARD FOR LIBRARIANS

Resolution No. _06_Series of 2006

CODE OF ETHICS FOR LIBRARIANS

49

WHEREAS, Sec. 8 (h), Article II of R.A. No. 9246, known as the “Philippine Librarianship Act of 2003,” and Sec. 8 (h), Rule II of Res. No. 05, Series of 2004, known as the “IRR of the Philippine Librarianship Act of 2003”, empower the Board to adopt and prescribe a

Code of Ethics for Librarians;

50

Code of Ethics

Librarians, mindful of their role in the development of knowledge and culture and the enrichment of people’s lives, seek the highest standards of ethical behavior in their relations with their schools, their clients/employers, the

librarianship profession and colleagues, agencies and associations and the

public.51

Preamble

1. Librarians with the State, Society and Public2. Librarians with Librarianship Profession

3.Librarians with the Suppliers, Publishers, Dealers, etc.

4. Librarians with the Clients and/or other Users of their Professional Services

52

Relations…

1. Librarians shall choose suppliers and publishers exclusively on the basis of the quality of goods, costs, and services.

2. Librarians shall refuse all personal gratuities.

3. Librarians shall never enter into business transactions prejudicial to the library, but unwisely favorable to their own interest.

53

Librarians with the Suppliers, Publishers,

Dealers, etc.

Developed by the ALCTS (Association for Library Collections and Technical Services)

Acquisitions Section Ethics Task Force; endorsed by the ALCTS Acquisitions Section and adopted by the ALCTS Board of Directors, Midwinter Meeting, February 7, 1994.

54

Statement on Principles and Standards of Acquisitions

Practice

gives first consideration to the objectives and policies of his or her institution;

strives to obtain the maximum ultimate value of each dollar of expenditure;

grants all competing vendors equal consideration insofar as the established policies of his or her library permit, and regards each transaction on its own merits;

55

In all acquisitions transactions, a librarian:

subscribes to and works for honesty, truth, and fairness in buying and selling, and denounces all forms and manifestations of bribery;

declines personal gifts and gratuities;uses only by consent original ideas and designs devised by one vendor for competitive purchasing purposes;

56

In all acquisitions transactions, a librarian:

accords a prompt and courteous reception insofar as conditions permit to all who call on legitimate business missions;

fosters and promotes fair, ethical, and legal trade practices;

avoids sharp practice; strives consistently for knowledge of the

publishing and bookselling industry;

57

In all acquisitions transactions, a librarian:

strives consistently for knowledge of the publishing and bookselling industry;

strives to establish practical and efficient methods for the conduct of his/her office;

counsels and assists fellow acquisitions librarians in the performance of their duties, whenever occasion permits.

58

In all acquisitions transactions, a librarian:

A Registered Librarian who is found guilty for violation of any provision in this Code by the Board after his/her investigation shall be subject to a disciplinary action of either revocation of his/her Certificate of Registration or suspension thereof which the Board shall impose thereto after his/her due investigation.

59

Disciplinary action

Ultimately, ethics is a

personal choice60

61

References:

Ameen, K., & Haider, S. J. (2007). Evolving paradigm and challenges of collection management (CM) in university libraries of pakistan. Collection Building, 26(2), 54-58. Atkinson, R. (2006). Six Key Challenges for the Future of Collection Development. Library Resources & Technical Services, 50(4), 244-251.Bullis, D. R., & Smith, L. (2011). Looking Back, Moving Forward in the Digital Age: A Review of the Collection Management and Development Literature, 2004-8. Library Resources & Technical Services, 55(4), 205-220.Casey, M. E., & Savastinuk, L. C. (2006). LIBRARY 2.0. (Cover story).Library Journal, 131(14), 40-42.Horava, Tony. Challenges and Possibilities for Collection Management in a Digital Age. Library Resources & Technical Services54.3 (Jul 2010): 142-152.Johnson, Peggy (2004). Fundamentals of Collection Development & Management. Chicago: ALALiu, Z., & Stork, D. C. (2000). IS PAPERLESS REALLY MORE?. Communications Of The ACM, 43(11), 94-97.Malpas, C. (2011). Cloud-sourcing research collections: managing print in the Mass-digitized library environment. Dublin, Ohio : OCLC Research.Montgomery, C., & Sparks, J. L. (2000). THE TRANSITION TO AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL COLLECTION: MANAGING THE ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES. Serials Review, 26(3), 4.Wu, M. M. (2005). Why Print and Electronic Resources Are Essential to the Academic Law Library. Law Library Journal, 97(2), 233-256.http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=J-oA4sZ9nNQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asYUI0l6EtE

62