TREVOR GUMBI PRESENTING MATCH-UP PRESENTATION

ON COLD WAR

SEE REFERENCES AT END

What is a Cold War?A State of Diplomatic hostility among nations

without direct armed conflict

USA

USSR

COMPETING IDEOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

1. Wanted to spread democracy & capitalism to Eastern Europe.

VS.

1. Continued to occupy Eastern Europe & turned countries into satellites (puppet states), to protect the Soviet Union from invasion from the west.

2. NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization. U.S. & several Western European Countries.

2. Warsaw Pact - Soviet Union & Eastern European satellite countries.

SOVIET UNIONUNITED STATES

One party leadership

Citizens have basic rights

Citizens elect representatives

People & corporations can own land

Government controls all production

Censorship

Secret policeGovernment controls radio, T.V. & Newspapers

DictatorshipFreedom of Press

Freedom of press

Freedom of Religion

People can form own political parties

Use of propaganda

Collectivization

How do you Fight a Cold War?

A) Need a threat of force and power – Arms, technology, influence

B) Use of Propaganda – created hatred and paranoia of other side

C) Send economic aid to weaker nations to spread influence and gain allies

D) Support with military aid nations in conflicts to protect interests or agitate other side

THE YALTA CONFERENCE

CHURCHILL, ROOSEVELT, STALIN

• FEBRUARY, 1945

• U.S., BRITAIN & SOVIET UNION

GOALS:

1. TO PROMOTE WORLD PEACE

2. TO PROVIDE EMERGENCY RELIEF

3. TO HELP FORM INTERIM GOVERNMENTS BASED ON THE WILL OF THE PEOPLE

OUTCOMES:

1. GERMANY DIVIDED INTO ZONES OF OCCUPATION

2. GERMANY WOULD PAY SOVIET UNION FOR LOSSES

3. SOVIET UNION PROMISED FREE ELECTIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE.

POLITICAL CARTOON ACTIVITY

FEARFEARFear was the motivation Fear was the motivation behind many decisions behind many decisions made during the cold warmade during the cold war

The West was afraid of The West was afraid of communist USSRcommunist USSR

The USSR was afraid of The USSR was afraid of the Westthe West

Why wasWhy was Communism Communism scary?scary?““the communist revolution the communist revolution will not merely be a national will not merely be a national phenomenon but must take phenomenon but must take place simultaneously in all place simultaneously in all civilized countries “- Marxcivilized countries “- Marx

“(Communists) openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the

ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. The

proletarians have nothing to lose but

their chains. They have a world to win!” - Marx.

Why was the USSR afraid of the West?The USA, UK, & France had sent

soldiers to Russia in 1917 to stop the Revolution

Their “communist” revolution was not very successful

The USSR had just lost tens of millions of people in the war and Stalin’s purges… they were not prepared to fight the USA & UK

They were a paper tiger

Truman Doctrine in full Truman Doctrine in full effecteffect1) $400 1) $400

million in aid million in aid to Greece & to Greece & TurkeyTurkey

2) 2) The The Marshall PlanMarshall Plan: : $12 billion in $12 billion in aid to help aid to help western western European European countries countries rebuild after rebuild after the warthe war

Germany

After the war, the Allies divided up Germany into 4 zones

Berlin

Operation VittlesOperation Vittles

THE BERLIN WALL- 1961THE BERLIN WALL- 1961 USSR supports East German plan to build wall. Berlin becomes divided: East Berliners and East

Germans may NOT leave the city or the country.

THE BERLIN WALL- 1961THE BERLIN WALL- 1961THE BERLIN WALL- 1961THE BERLIN WALL- 1961

THE BERLIN WALL “DEATH THE BERLIN WALL “DEATH STRIP”STRIP” Towers, guards, dogs and landmines ( 地

雷 ) Not only in Berlin but between ALL of

West & East Germany 200 East Berliners killed in Death Strip,

1961-1989

Berlin Airlift Berlin

(capital of Germany, largest city) was in the Soviet Zone & the city itself was divided

BERLIN AIRLIFT BERLIN AIRLIFT ‘47-’48‘47-’48BERLIN AIRLIFT BERLIN AIRLIFT ‘47-’48‘47-’48

The U-2 Incident (how the Cold War almost ended early)

The spy plane had been spying on the USSR since 1956.

President Eisenhower knew that the USA had far more bombers, missiles, & weapons than the USSR.

Because of this,

Ike wanted to end the

Cold War at a peace

conference in Paris

in 1960.

VietnamVietnam

Vietnam was a French colonyVietnam was a French colonyVietnamese communists led by Ho Vietnamese communists led by Ho

Chi Minh (Uncle Ho) defeated the Chi Minh (Uncle Ho) defeated the French in 1954French in 1954

International Peace Conference International Peace Conference temporarily temporarily divided Vietnam into divided Vietnam into 2 zones (not separate countries)2 zones (not separate countries)

North Vietnam (Communist) North Vietnam (Communist) {USSR}{USSR}

South Vietnam (Capitalist) {USA}South Vietnam (Capitalist) {USA}

Burma

Cuba Issue: In 1959 Fidel Castro led a successful communist Issue: In 1959 Fidel Castro led a successful communist

revolution in Cubarevolution in Cuba

Superpower Actions (part Superpower Actions (part 1)1)The Bay of Pigs The Bay of Pigs

InvasionInvasion: The Soviet : The Soviet Union gave Cuba a lot Union gave Cuba a lot of $ and support. The of $ and support. The CIA trained a group of CIA trained a group of Cuban exiles to invade Cuban exiles to invade Cuba & overthrow Cuba & overthrow their government. their government. The invasion was a The invasion was a total failure.total failure.

Superpower Actions Superpower Actions (part 2)(part 2)The Cuban Missile Crisis:The Cuban Missile Crisis:

USSR begins building USSR begins building missile bases in Cuba. missile bases in Cuba. Nukes threatened the US. Nukes threatened the US. JFK warned that he JFK warned that he would stop any Soviet would stop any Soviet boat carrying missiles to boat carrying missiles to Cuba. The USSR backed Cuba. The USSR backed off.off.

The closest the world has The closest the world has ever come to total ever come to total nuclear warnuclear war

“The Button”

REFERENCES

Cooke,E.2011. The cold war global. http://www.slideshare.net/eben_cooke/the-cold-war-global. ACCESSED ON 06/03/2014

Green, H. S. 2013. The cold war part two. http://www.slideshare.net/HStevenGreen/b-fall-lecture-6-2013. Accessed ON 06/03/2014

Clouse. C. 2012. The Cold War. http://www.slideshare.net/CarlClouse1/untitledpresentation-12656504. ACCESSED 06/03/2014