by: Rownel Cerezo Gagani

Trophic Levels

the trophic level of an organism is theposition it occupies in a food chain.food chains start at trophic level 1with primary producers such as plants,move to herbivores at level 2, predators atlevel 3 and typically finish with carnivoresor apex predators at level 4 or 5. The pathalong the chain can form either a one-wayflow or a food "web".

by: Rownel Cerezo Gagani

by: Rownel Cerezo Gagani

Trophic levels can be represented by numbers, starting at level 1 with plants. Further trophiclevels are numbered subsequently according to how far the organism is along the food chain.*Level 1: Plants and algae make their own food and are called primary producers.*Level 2: Herbivores eat plants and are called primary consumers.*Level 3: Carnivores that eat herbivores are called secondary consumers*Level 4: Carnivores that eat other carnivores are called tertiary consumers.*Level 5: Apex predators that have no predators are at the top of the food chain.

by:Rownel Cerezo Gagani

First trophic level. *The plants in this image, and the algae and phytoplankton in the lake, are primary producers. They take nutrients from the soil or the water, and manufacture their own food by photosynthesis, using energy from the sun.

by:Rownel Cerezo Gagani

Second trophiclevel*Rabbits eat plants at the first trophiclevel, so they are primary consumers.

by:Rownel Cerezo Gagani

Third trophic level*Foxes eat rabbits at the second

trophic level, so they are secondary consumers.

by:Rownel Cerezo Gagani

Fourth trophiclevel

*Golden eagles eat foxes

at the third trophic level, so they are tertiary

consumers.

• The study of sources ofenergy in living organismsand how that energy isultimately utilized.

• For any physical activity,energy must be generatedand used by the body toaccomplish the task.

• Food we eat contains chemical energy

• Is stored as glycogen, fat, and protein

• Can be released to provide the energy needed to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Chemical Energy

• Most important source of energy supporting muscle contraction during exercise

• Composed of an adenine group, a ribose group, and three phosphate groups

• Formation of ATP occurs by combining adenosine diphosphate(ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi)

(adenosine triphosphate)