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Tudor Rebellions Summary Revision
By Kenisha Browning
The Tudors
16031558
Elizabeth 1
1553 Mary I
1547 Edward
VI
1509 Henry
VIII
1485 Henry VII
Political factors as a cause of Tudor Rebellions
Political causes
Evil Advisers
Factions
Dynastic issues and succession
Government intervention in
England and Ireland
Religion as a cause of rebellion in EnglandYear Name of
rebellionCatholic or Protestant?
Reason Local or regional?
Religion – main or subsidiary cause?
1536 Pilgrimage of Grace
Catholic Reaction to the closure of monasteries and other Protestant reforms
Regional in seven northern counties
Main
1549 Western Rebellion
Catholic Reaction to a new English Prayer Book
Local to Devon and Cornwall
Main
1549 Kett’s Rebellion Protestant Demanded further Protestant reforms
Local to Norfolk Subsidiary
1554 Wyatt’s rebellion
Protestant Fear of Catholic reformation
Local to Kent Subsidiary
1569 Northern Earls rebellion
Catholic Reaction to Protestant reforms
Regional in four northern counties
Main
Social and economic causes
Economic and Social Causes
EnclosuresTaxation
Inflation and social issuesFamine and disease
Rebellions in1489 1497 1525 1536 1549
Rebellion in 1596
Rebellions in 1536 1549 1596
Rebellion in 1536 1549
The causes of Tudor rebellionsDynastic issues and the succession
Evil Advisers Factions Government intervention in England and Ireland
Political
Causes
Religious
Catholic reaction to Protestant reform
Catholic reaction to Protestant reform
Protestant reaction to slow and indequate Protestant reforms
Economic and social
Taxation
Famine and disease
Inflation and social issues
Enclosures
Objectives, duration and location
Objectives Duration Location•Overthrow the government •Remedy grievances•Increase Irish independence
HoursDaysWeeksMonthsYears
Pro-Yorkists areasSouth-West EnglandCustomary practicesLocal magnatesLondon, towns and cities
Leadership
Leadership
Royal claimants
Clergy
LawyersCommoners
Nobility and gentry
Strategy and tacticsType of rebellion Strategy Tactics
Dynastic rebellions Raise an army and overthrow the ruler
Gather widespread support prior to fighting a battle
Anti-Government protests in England
Pressurise the authorities into remedying grievances
Popular demonstrations and intimidation of officials and local leaders
Irish rebellions Disrupt the Dublin administration
Attack English landowners and officials through the use of violence and guerrilla warfare
Organisation
Main organisation aims
Unite disparate groups
Enlist and pay troops
Requisition food and equipment
Maintain discipline
Hold regular musters
Keep rebels informed
Size, support and frequency of rebellions
Range of support Nobles Foreigners Commoners Mixed
Size of rebellion1497: 15,000 Cornish1536: 30,000+ Pilgrimage of Grace1549: 16,000 Kett1554: 3,000 Wyatt1569: 6,000 Northern Earls1595: 6,000 O’Neil1601: 300 Essex
Frequency of Rebellions in England and Ireland
1485-1509: Six rebellions1509-1547: Three rebellions1547-1553: Two rebellions1553-1558: Two rebellions1558-1603: Seven rebellions
Irish Rebellions
Irish RebellionsKey features•Scale•Duration
Turning points•Direct rule•Anglicisation•Reformation
Factors determining whether a rebellion was likely to succeed or fail
Success of failure?
Length of rebellion
Proximity to London
Degree of noble and gentry support
Extent of a rebellion’s provincialism
Military and financial backing
Size of popular support
Quality of leadership and organisation
Governments’ determination to
resist or suppress it quickly
How did Tudor Governments deal with rebellions?
a) Buy Time
b) Propaganda
c) Pre-emptive measures
d) Raise Troops
a) Consult advisers b) Gather information c) Send out instructions
Strategy
Government responses Tactics
a) Military casualties
Fate of the rebels
b) Trails and retribution
The effects of rebellion on government and society
Effects on Tudor government and
society
Crown servants: under pressure to resign
Ireland: serious political and financial cost
Foreign affairs: the impact on wars and on European
relations
Religious developments: the crown resisted calls for
reforms
Policy changes: in taxation, uses, enclosures, social and
economic reforms, the Council of the North
Were the Tudors ever seriously threatened by rebellions?
Factors that increased a rebellion’s seriousness
•Size, support, and backing of English nobles and foreign powers.•A rebellion’s objective, e.g. To overthrow the monarch•Its proximity
Factors that weakened a rebellion’s seriousness
•Governments held their nerve or made deals they had no intention of honouring.•Most rebellions were localised protests•Most of the English nobility and clergy supported the Crown.