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Television Broadcast & BeyondChapter 9
Beginning of Broadcast TV
In 2013, 79% of the world's households owned a television set
Invention of Television
Philo T. Farnsworth1922 – conceived of an “image dissector” at age 161928 - world's 1st all-electronic television system demonstrated1930 – Patented cathode ray tube
Invention of Television
Philo T. FarnsworthIn his only appearance on TV. He was a mystery guest on the CBS quiz show I've Got A Secret For stumping the panel, he received $80 and a carton of Winston cigarettes
Network Television
Network TV grew from radioNBC demonstrated broadcast TV from NYC to Schenectady NY – 1940DuMont began operation in 1946After WW II, these 2 were joined by CBS and ABC as commercial TV networks in 1947
Network Television
Golden Age of Television
Dominated by 3 networksRatings warsFox came along in 1985
Network TelevisionGolden Age of Television
Live dramas used multiple cameras & sets No "second takes“10 million viewers
PLAYHOUSE 90 A Town Has Turned to Dust 1958
Network Television
Golden Age of TelevisionHour-long anthology dramas that were shot as movies on 35mm film
Alfred Hitchcock Presents The Twilight Zone
Gunsmoke
Network Television
Golden Age of TelevisionHour-long anthology dramas that were shot as movies on 35mm filmAs were 30 minute comedies
Burns and Allen Leave it to BeaverFather Knows Best
Live ProgrammingTV broadcast in real-time, as events happen
News programming – with filmMorning showsSporting events – boxing, wrestling, Roller DerbySoap operas
Live ProgrammingWhat kinds of LIVE programming still happen?NewsSportsSome network shows – SNL, Dancing with StarsBreaking news
Live ProgrammingSeen live on TV11/24/1963 – Lee Harvey Oswald shot in Dallas by Jack Ruby 9/11/2001 - United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the World Trade Center
Videotape RecordingAmpex recording system used to replay CBS news – 1956By 1960, 1/3 of all network programs were taped, 1/3 were filmed, 1/3 were produced live1960 Kennedy vs Nixon
Color TelevisionThe U.S. gradually transitioned from BW to color TV 1953 – 1974FCC creates NTSC standard for color1st national color broadcast - 1954 Tournament of Roses Parade
Color Television ProgrammingAnimated cartoons on prime timeThe FlintstonesThe JetsonsRocky & Bullwinkle
Beginning of Cable TV
Cable TV EvolvesCommunity Antenna Television (CATV)
Early form of cable television used to distribute broadcast channels in communities with poor television receptionRelatively expensive, was source of a good TV signal, not additional programmingSome local programming
TV in the Mid-1970sCBS, NBC and ABC, drew more than nine out of 10 viewersThe only revenue came from advertisersThe bigger the audience the more the networks could charge for advertisingEvery moment of prime time was devoted to gathering audience
SATCOM - 1975RCA introduced the 1st communications satelliteHome Box Office put its signal upSpecial focus cable channels began – “narrowcasting”
Rebirth of Cable1970s, FCC loosened rules on cable 1975: HBO starts providing programming nationwide, sending signal to local cable companies via satellite Cost to send programming to 1,000 cable companies as cheaply as to 1
If I only had a little humility, I would be perfect
Rebirth of CableTed Turner creates cable networksWTCG-TV Super-Station - old movies, sitcom reruns, cartoons, & sports (1975)
Purchased WTBS call sign for $50,000Cable News Network in 19801988 TNT - World Championship Wrestling to attract a broader audience1994 - Turner Classic Movies1992 – Cartoon Network
When technology replaced scarcity with abundance, every core assumption about TV began to crumble.
Jeff GreenfieldNY Times , October 3, 2015
TV as Social Force
©iStockphoto.com/ Drazen_
Anchor as Advocate
Jorge RamosUnivision news anchor3 times the audience of CNNRepresentative of “advocacy journalism”
Anchor as Advocate
Jorge Ramos vs Trump3 Versions of the storyComplex NewsFox NewsUnivision
Anchor as Advocate
Was he acting as a reporter or and
advocate?
Can one be both?
Just one more thing . . .
What if our community could create and distribute our own video content?
