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Unity and Conformity
Qin Dynasty (256-202 B.C.E)Han Dynasty (206-220 C.E.)
BuddhismSui Dynasty (589-618 C.E.)
Text book pages 86-92
Qin Dynasty (256-202 B.C.E)
• Qin prince defeated last Zhou king- 256 B.C.E.
• Prince called himselfShi Huangdi (means 1st emperor)• Ended feudal government too much power to
nobles• Established new government that lasted until
1911
Shi Huangdi
Qin Dynasty
• Shi Huangdi• Created strong, central government• Created 36 districts• official appointed for each based on loyalty to Shi
Huangdi
• Inspectors toured districts
Nobles and Peasants
• Nobles:• Nobles forced to live in the capital
• Peasants• land divided among peasants• Equal land to support family and pay taxes • Public labour & serve in army (still)
Qui Accomplishments
• Shi Huangdi fought wars to expand China
• Improved economy & defenses• Built more roads• Standardized system of money, weights, and
measures easier trade• Standardized writing characters easier
communication• Constructed the Great Wall linked earlier
walls together project lasted 2000 years
Shi Huangdi
• Despite accomplishments, Shi Huangdi was not a popular emperor• Legalist• Nobles resented losing power and land• Peasants resented public work projects
inhumane conditions
• Disagreed with Confucianism thought it would weaken the newly established government• Thousands of classis books burned• Scholars and families killed
Shi Huangdi
• Suspicious man• Feared for his life• Moved frequently• Executed his son• Ordered servants to search for life-preserving potions
• 210 B.C.E- Shi Huangdi died• Buried in a great tomb with terra cotta warriors to
guard his body• After the death, people revolted against Qin• Generals fought each other, until eventually the Han
Dynasty was founded
Han Dynasty (206- 220 C.E)
• Gaozu- 1st Han emperor• Established capital at Chang’an• Kept centralized Qin system• Eased Qin harsh Legalist policies• Confucian scholars hired as advisors to the
emperor• Some Legalist ideas maintained• Government opposition not allowed• Laws remained strict
Han Officials
• Officials could win positions through merit, not birth• Had to pass difficult exams• Had to show appreciation for art and literature
• Sima Qian- government official• Wrote first major Chinese history
China Expands
• Han waged military campaigns to enlarge the empire• Expanded in the south• Grew to include Manchuria and Korea• Expanded far into central Asia
• Expansion into central Asia• Contact with India, Middle East, Africa, and
Europe• Silk Road constucted• Trade route linked China with distant lands
How do you think the Silk Road affected China?
Chinese Economy
• Silk Road- economy boomed• Chinese exports: mainly silk increased
artisans and merchants• Chinese imports: raw materials
• Han emperors continued public works• Roads, canals, irrigation, flood-control,
granaries
Agriculture
• Farmers• Lived in small villages near farms• Market town close by to sell and buy products• Still owed taxes to labour government and
participated in public works & army
Family
• Several generations lived together
• Elder male (grandfather)- head of family• Powerful choose children’s spouses and
career path• Respected without question
• asdf
Inventions and Art
• Inventions• Paper• Breast-strap harnesses• stirrups• Rudder• compass
• Art• Dishes and sculptures out of bronze, gold, and
silver
Han- Mandate of Heaven Lost
• Han lost the Mandate of Heaven• Later emperors were less capable• Natural disasters• some government factions undermined
government work
• Rebellions broke out• Han Dynasty overthrown• Replaced by “Period of Chaos (220- 589 C.E.)• China fragmented into small kingdoms that
competed in trying to form a new dynasty
Buddhism
• What is Buddhism?• Does not include worship of god(s)• Based on teachings of Siddartha (Indian
prince)
• Siddartha• Gave up wealth & family• Goal: solve misery of the world• Received enlightenment became Buddha
Buddhism- Beliefs
• Suffering existed when people were too involved in the physical world
• Focus mind to find higher truths• monastery• meditation
• Reincarnations• Soul reborn until it finds enlightenment• Enlightenment= seeing the light of truth
Buddhism in China
• Spread quickly in China
• Wealthy & influential people
• Appealing faith during political unrest
Sui Dynasty (589-618 C.E)
• After Han- numerous small kingdoms
• 589- kingdom official tried to reunite China defeated other kingdoms
• Wendi (emperor)- founded Sui Dynasty
• Short, but accomplished a lot
Sui Dynasty- Accomplishments
• Reunited China
• Rebuilt sections of the Great Wall
• Revived examination system to elect government officials
• ***Constructed the Grand Canal able to ship food from Chang Jiang region north
• Chang’an (capital)- became largest city in the world
Sui Rule
• Cruel• Tried to do too much, too soon• Harsh working conditions
• People rebelled Tang Dynasty founded