Unpacking the Census:An Overview of Poverty, Race, and Jurisdiction in

Metropolitan Richmond2011 Revised Edition

John V. MoeserSenior Fellow, Bonner Center for Civic Engagement

University of Richmond

With the Assistance of

Dillon Massey, Student CoordinatorUR Bonner Center for Civic Engagement

SPECIAL THANKS

Scott ClarkTransit Analyst, GRTC Transit System

Prepared the GIS map of bus routes and employment centers

Brian KoziolResearch Analyst, Housing Opportunities Made Equal

(HOME)Developed the GIS Maps of trustee sales in HOLC

neighborhoods and the chart on changing opportunities along Interstate 64 through Richmond

Kenny McLemoreHousing Policy Analyst, Dept. of Economic and

Community Development, City of RichmondPrepared the map of subsidized housing concentration in

Richmond

Dr. Robert NelsonDirector, Digital Scholarship Lab, University of Richmond

Developed the GIS 1937 HOLC map with overlay of 2009 census data

Michael RogersAlumni, University of Richmond

Obtained for his senior thesis two photographs of the construction of the Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike

from the Library of Virginia Archives

Michael SarahanRetrieved HOLC Data from the National Archives

Ken Studer & Rex Anson-DwamenaSocial Epidemiologists

Virginia Office of Minority Health and Health Equity

Anne WaringCommunications Manager, VA Department of Human

Resource ManagementSupplied the percent of state employees earning less

than $35,000

Table of Contents

Census Data

History

Employment, Housing, & Land

Policy Interventions

Richmond Planning District

Census Data2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates

2011 Poverty Thresholds U.S. Bureau of the Census

Poverty threshold for a four-person family unit is $23,021

Poverty thresholds for one person:

• Under age 65 is $11,702

• 65 or over is $10,788

Percent of Population Living in Poverty(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)

Richmond Regional Planning District Poverty Rate = 11.2%

0.00%5.00%

10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%

1990 2000 2010 2011Chesterfield 4.30% 4.80% 5.90% 6.10%Hanover 4.30% 4.10% 4.30% 4.90%Henrico 5.50% 6.20% 9.60% 10.20%Richmond 19.80% 18.10% 25.30% 26.30%Goochland 7.70% 6.70% 7.10% 5.20%Powhatan 5.70% 5.40% 4.70% 4.40%Charles City 15.80% 9.50% 9.70% 8.90%New Kent 4.90% 5.10% 4.40% 5.70%

Richmond Poverty Rates: 1970-2011

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

1970 1980 1990 20002010

2011

18.0% 19.3% 19.8%

18.2%

25.3%26.3%

Children Under 18 Living in Poverty

(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

1990 2000 2010 2011Chesterfield 5.9% 6.1% 8.3% 8.1%Hanover 4.5% 4.1% 4.6% 5.2%Henrico 7.2% 8.4% 14.2% 15.0%Richmond 35.8% 33.4% 38.7% 40.5%Goochland 8.4% 7.8% 6.5% 6.8%Powhatan 5.7% 8.6% 4.1% 2.9%Charles City 21.7% 13.3% 8.0% 8.4%New Kent 5.6% 8.0% 5.0% 8.8%

Percent of Female Householders with Children Under 18 Living in Poverty(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

Chesterfield 18.3%Hanover 15.0%Henrico 26.9%Richmond 50.4%Goochland 24.2%Powhatan 32.0%Charles City 35.3%New Kent 16.1%

Poverty Growth/Decline: 2000-2011

34% 36%

66%

23%

-25% -22%-17%

14%

(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)

Locality Percent of Metro Poverty Population

(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)

Chesterfield17%

Hanover4%

Henrico29%

Richmond48%

Goochland1%

Powhatan1%

Numbers of People in Poverty(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)

City47%

Suburbs53%

Disparity Between Poorest and Wealthiest Census Tracts Based on Median Household Income

(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)

Ratio of Census Tract with Highest Household Income to Lowest

Charles City: 1.13-----1 Chesterfield: 5.35-----1Goochland: 1.92-----1Hanover: 3.24-----1Henrico: 9.82-----1New Kent: 1.27-----1Powhatan: 1.34-----1Richmond: 18.81-----1

Single wealthiest tract = $226,667 (Henrico)Single poorest tract = $9,926 (Richmond)

Ratio: 22.84-----1

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

$200,000

$250,000

Cha

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New

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Highest

Lowest

Two Tracts, Two Worlds, Same City

Percent of All Poor by Race(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)

White34%

Black47%

Asian4%

Hispanic11%

Other4%

Percent of All Races Living in Poverty: 1990-2011

(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

1990 2000 2010 2011White 4.7% 4.5% 6.8% 7.2%Black 20.7% 17.9% 18.3% 18.9%Asian 11.1% 9.8% 12.3% 13.3%Hispanic/Latino 8.0% 15.5% 24.4% 24.4%

Percent of Poor by Race Living in City and Suburbs

(2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates)

City Suburbs

White 0.326 0.674

Black 0.606 0.394

Asian 0.39 0.61

Hispanic/Latino 0.382 0.618

5.0%

15.0%

25.0%

35.0%

45.0%

55.0%

65.0%

Latino Poverty

Midlothian

Hull Street

Jeff Davis Highway Jeff Davis Highway

 

Short Pump Deep RunCrestview

(Broad Street & Glenside)

Staples Mill Area Bryan Park Jackson

Ward Gilpin Court Whitcomb Court

Creighton Court Sandston

Homeownership Rate 69% 72% 58% 82% 39% 30% 0% 26% 16% 80%

Poverty Rate 2.0% 2.6% 11.3% 14.2% 17.3% 20.2% 69.0% 64.8% 45.7% 1.1%

Percent Population with Public Assistance Income

0.9% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 1.7% 0.0% 23.5% 20.2% 11.6% 0.0%

Percent Population Traveling More than 45 Minutes to Work

5.9% 5.0% 14.0% 2.6% 6.4% 5.9% 32.1% 22.0% 17.7% 10.6%

Percent Visited a Doctor in Past 12 Months

34% 35% 36% 30% 39% 33% 17% 16% 17% 29%

Dropout Rate 1.2% 1.4% 2.2% 4.6% 3.5% 6.5% 6.5% 6.5% 6.5% 4.5%

Math Score 97 99 92 91 86 71 71 71 71 84