Urban and rural environment

URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES

Urban and ruralcommunities


COMMUNITY


Definitions of Community

COMMUNITY is a common type of place where one lives,

works and playsa social organization that is “territorially

localized and through which its members satisfy most of their daily needs and deal with most of their common problems” (Olsen 1968:91)

a process or a movement toward unity in the system of social life, an ongoing movement which is never completed or finished (Martindale 1984:11)


RURAL COMMUNITY


RURAL CULTURE AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Communities are smallOccupation of people are usually

fishing, agriculture and food gathering

Population density is lowThere is competitionCultural advantages are few


RURAL COMMUNITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

Some places are not exactly as peaceful as it used to be

Mountains and forests have been denuded, rivers and streams are polluted, and animals have been decimated by hunters

Houses are made up of galvanized iron and concrete walls

Rural persons have closer communion and steadier contact with the soil and other forces of nature than urban counterpart

Recreational facilities and cultural activities are limited

Communication media consists of newspapers which are scanty

Roads are usually dirt and covered with gravel and sand


THE RURAL FAMILYThere are more nuclear than extended

familiesHusband and wife more or less have

equal authorityThere is a strong dependence on the

familySome traditional practices regarding

courtship still persist


RURAL EDUCATIONAmbition of most people in rural areas

is for children to achieve college education

Elementary schools are intended to provide for the development of basic skills in reading, writing and arithmetic

Secondary schools provide general education and terminal education through vocational training

Various programs have been undertaken to improve level of education.


RURAL RELIGIONMajority are Roman CatholicsThere are also Iglesia ni Cristo,

Jehova’s Witnesses, Seventh Day Adventists and Mormons

Muslims on MindanaoThere are activities such as

catechism, family life programs, and activities for mutual help


RURAL RECREATIONFacilities for cultural growth and

recreation are limitedVisiting and chatting with friendsPangiungue and other card games are

common for women and cockfighting and jueteng for men

Mahjong, bingo and checkers are becoming popular

Young boys play basketball, baseball, volleyball, sipa

Sungka is played by girls


RURAL HEALTH AND NUTRITIONChildren and adults die of

respiratory, gastro intestinal, and other communicable disease and worm infection

Alarming incidence of malnutritionHealth services are limited


URBAN COMMUNITY


URBANIZATION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Urbanization- process of concentrating people within a relatively small geographic area - refers to an increase in the number and size of centers of population in a society

First cities appeared in the Middle East Mesopotamia

In Asia, cities were formed in northwest India in the Indus River Vallet and Yellow River basin in China

In Europe, Rome is consideres as the greatest city


URBANIZATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Take place in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America

Third world cities are centers of power and privilege

Urbanization is result of economic development policies


URBANIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

The country was in early stage of urbanization in 1903

Between 1948 to 1975, pace of urbanization is slow

As of 1990, highest urbanized area in the Philippines is the NCR; lowest urbanized area is Cagayan Valley

Migration from rural to urban resulted in unbalanced growth pattern


URBAN CULTURE AND SOCIAL CULTUREUrban communities have high densities

of populationUrban communities is a socially

heterogeneous populace Have complex social structure which

influences social behaviorCity is a natural ecological system

consisting of natural areas such as central business districts, residential areas, industrial zones and dynamic interaction with each other

There is a rapid social change


THE URBAN FAMILYChange in norms of courtship and marriage practices

1. young people choose one’s mate on the basis of romantic love

2. Chaperoning has declined3. Courtship and engagement become shorter4. Boy or girl tends to play the field before going

steady with a partnerHas an increasing number of ‘live-ins’ and extramarital birth

Care and support of aged parents is still accepted as a moral obligation and responsibility

High school students in Metro Manila still has a strong positive attitude toward them and hold on to the traditional value orientation of love and respect for the elderly

Lesser working wives


URBAN ECOLOGICAL PROCESS

Concentration- the increase of population in a given area which is determined by density of population

Gradient- refers to the condition of receding degrees of dominance from a selected dominant center

Invasion- occurs when new types of people enter an area which is occupied by a different type

Ecological Segregation- people differ from one another according to ethnic group,

religion, social class, or occupation


SQUATTERS AND SLUMS

Squatters- persons who occupy vacant lots owned by the government or private persons even without legal rights to do so

Consequence of rapid growth in the cityFound on riverbanks, railway tracks, esteros,

and under the bridgesSome live in pushcarts and parks under the

trees, sidewalks, and other vacant places

Slums- term applied to residential areas characterized by overcrowding

Culture of povertyPeople in this area made up Manila’s cheap

labor force


THAT’S ALL FOLKS

Education

Urban and rural environment