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URINOGENITAL SYSTEM
PRESENTED BYFATIMA KHARBE
URINOGENITAL SYSTEMo URINARY SYSTEM OF VERTEBRATES INCLUDE KIDNEYS
AND THEIR DUCTS
o REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INCLUDES MALE AND FEMALE GONADS AND THEIR DUCTS
o THE 2 SYSTEMS ARE INTIMATELY RELATED MORPHOLOGICALLY IN VERTEBRATES HENCE THE TWO SYSTEM ARE AS DESCRIBED AS UROGENITAL OR URINOGENITAL SYSTEM
BASIC STRUCTURE OF EMBRYONIC KIDNEY
Pair of compact organs lying on either side of dorsal aortaEach kidney is composed of large no of units called as URINIFEROUS TUBULES OR NEPHRONSKidney tubules arise in the embryo in a linear series from mesodermEach uriniferous tubule is differentiated into 3 parts1PERITONEAL FUNNEL2MALPIGHIAN BODY3TUBULE
Urinary System - Kidneys
Kidneys are pair of compact organs lying on eitherSide of dorsal aortaEvolution of kidney takes place asARCHINEPHROSPRONEPHROSMESONEPHROSMETANEPHROS
ARCHINEPHROSExcretory organ of ancestral vertebratesAlso called as HOLONEPHROS 0r
complete kidney as it runs throughout the entire length of coelom
Composed of pair of archinephric ductsEach duct has a pair of tubules to a
segmentEach tubule is opened by a nephrostome
in coelomNear each nephrostome there is an
external glomerulusAll tubules are drained into duct Which opens in cloaca
ArchinephrosLarvae of caecilians and
Hagfish have this type of excretory system
Tissue fluid discharge from glomerulusltltcoelomltlt
Nephrostomeltlttubulesltlt
Archinepric ductsltltcloaca
PRONEPHROS1 Embryonic tubule to appear
hence called as pronephrosAlso called as head kidneyComposed of pronephric ductsConsist of 3 to 15 tubules
segmentally arrangedEach tubules open into coelom
by nephrostomeAlso projecting into coelom
there is an external glomerulus In some cases glomeruli unite
to form glomus
PRONEPHROS All tubules of pronephros open into the
pronephric duct Which opens into cloaca Pronephros is functional only in
embryonic or larval stageand it is soon replaced by mesonephros
Pronephros is retained throughout life in adult cyclostomes and teleost fishes
Filtrate of blood through glomerulusltltcoelomltltnephrostomeltlt
Tubuleltltpronephric ductltltcloaca
MESONEPHROSDevelops from middle part
of intermediate mesodermForm soon after
degradation of pronephrosMesonephros is functionally
better than pronephros bcoz mesonephric tubules
are numerous in numberThey develop internal
glomeruli
MESONEPHROSThey are also termed as
wolffian bodyMesonephros is
functional only in embryos in amniotes
In sharks n caecilians tubules extend posteriorly
Throughout coelom such kidney is called as OPISTHONEPHROS
MesonephrosSoon with the degradation of
pronephros the pronephric duct forms the wolfian or mesonephric duct
In amniotes mesonephros is functional only in the embryos and replaced by metanephros in adults
Nephrpstomes are generally lacking in embryonic amniotes
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
URINOGENITAL SYSTEMo URINARY SYSTEM OF VERTEBRATES INCLUDE KIDNEYS
AND THEIR DUCTS
o REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INCLUDES MALE AND FEMALE GONADS AND THEIR DUCTS
o THE 2 SYSTEMS ARE INTIMATELY RELATED MORPHOLOGICALLY IN VERTEBRATES HENCE THE TWO SYSTEM ARE AS DESCRIBED AS UROGENITAL OR URINOGENITAL SYSTEM
BASIC STRUCTURE OF EMBRYONIC KIDNEY
Pair of compact organs lying on either side of dorsal aortaEach kidney is composed of large no of units called as URINIFEROUS TUBULES OR NEPHRONSKidney tubules arise in the embryo in a linear series from mesodermEach uriniferous tubule is differentiated into 3 parts1PERITONEAL FUNNEL2MALPIGHIAN BODY3TUBULE
Urinary System - Kidneys
Kidneys are pair of compact organs lying on eitherSide of dorsal aortaEvolution of kidney takes place asARCHINEPHROSPRONEPHROSMESONEPHROSMETANEPHROS
ARCHINEPHROSExcretory organ of ancestral vertebratesAlso called as HOLONEPHROS 0r
complete kidney as it runs throughout the entire length of coelom
Composed of pair of archinephric ductsEach duct has a pair of tubules to a
segmentEach tubule is opened by a nephrostome
in coelomNear each nephrostome there is an
external glomerulusAll tubules are drained into duct Which opens in cloaca
ArchinephrosLarvae of caecilians and
Hagfish have this type of excretory system
Tissue fluid discharge from glomerulusltltcoelomltlt
Nephrostomeltlttubulesltlt
Archinepric ductsltltcloaca
PRONEPHROS1 Embryonic tubule to appear
hence called as pronephrosAlso called as head kidneyComposed of pronephric ductsConsist of 3 to 15 tubules
segmentally arrangedEach tubules open into coelom
by nephrostomeAlso projecting into coelom
there is an external glomerulus In some cases glomeruli unite
to form glomus
PRONEPHROS All tubules of pronephros open into the
pronephric duct Which opens into cloaca Pronephros is functional only in
embryonic or larval stageand it is soon replaced by mesonephros
Pronephros is retained throughout life in adult cyclostomes and teleost fishes
Filtrate of blood through glomerulusltltcoelomltltnephrostomeltlt
Tubuleltltpronephric ductltltcloaca
MESONEPHROSDevelops from middle part
of intermediate mesodermForm soon after
degradation of pronephrosMesonephros is functionally
better than pronephros bcoz mesonephric tubules
are numerous in numberThey develop internal
glomeruli
MESONEPHROSThey are also termed as
wolffian bodyMesonephros is
functional only in embryos in amniotes
In sharks n caecilians tubules extend posteriorly
Throughout coelom such kidney is called as OPISTHONEPHROS
MesonephrosSoon with the degradation of
pronephros the pronephric duct forms the wolfian or mesonephric duct
In amniotes mesonephros is functional only in the embryos and replaced by metanephros in adults
Nephrpstomes are generally lacking in embryonic amniotes
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
BASIC STRUCTURE OF EMBRYONIC KIDNEY
Pair of compact organs lying on either side of dorsal aortaEach kidney is composed of large no of units called as URINIFEROUS TUBULES OR NEPHRONSKidney tubules arise in the embryo in a linear series from mesodermEach uriniferous tubule is differentiated into 3 parts1PERITONEAL FUNNEL2MALPIGHIAN BODY3TUBULE
Urinary System - Kidneys
Kidneys are pair of compact organs lying on eitherSide of dorsal aortaEvolution of kidney takes place asARCHINEPHROSPRONEPHROSMESONEPHROSMETANEPHROS
ARCHINEPHROSExcretory organ of ancestral vertebratesAlso called as HOLONEPHROS 0r
complete kidney as it runs throughout the entire length of coelom
Composed of pair of archinephric ductsEach duct has a pair of tubules to a
segmentEach tubule is opened by a nephrostome
in coelomNear each nephrostome there is an
external glomerulusAll tubules are drained into duct Which opens in cloaca
ArchinephrosLarvae of caecilians and
Hagfish have this type of excretory system
Tissue fluid discharge from glomerulusltltcoelomltlt
Nephrostomeltlttubulesltlt
Archinepric ductsltltcloaca
PRONEPHROS1 Embryonic tubule to appear
hence called as pronephrosAlso called as head kidneyComposed of pronephric ductsConsist of 3 to 15 tubules
segmentally arrangedEach tubules open into coelom
by nephrostomeAlso projecting into coelom
there is an external glomerulus In some cases glomeruli unite
to form glomus
PRONEPHROS All tubules of pronephros open into the
pronephric duct Which opens into cloaca Pronephros is functional only in
embryonic or larval stageand it is soon replaced by mesonephros
Pronephros is retained throughout life in adult cyclostomes and teleost fishes
Filtrate of blood through glomerulusltltcoelomltltnephrostomeltlt
Tubuleltltpronephric ductltltcloaca
MESONEPHROSDevelops from middle part
of intermediate mesodermForm soon after
degradation of pronephrosMesonephros is functionally
better than pronephros bcoz mesonephric tubules
are numerous in numberThey develop internal
glomeruli
MESONEPHROSThey are also termed as
wolffian bodyMesonephros is
functional only in embryos in amniotes
In sharks n caecilians tubules extend posteriorly
Throughout coelom such kidney is called as OPISTHONEPHROS
MesonephrosSoon with the degradation of
pronephros the pronephric duct forms the wolfian or mesonephric duct
In amniotes mesonephros is functional only in the embryos and replaced by metanephros in adults
Nephrpstomes are generally lacking in embryonic amniotes
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
Urinary System - Kidneys
Kidneys are pair of compact organs lying on eitherSide of dorsal aortaEvolution of kidney takes place asARCHINEPHROSPRONEPHROSMESONEPHROSMETANEPHROS
ARCHINEPHROSExcretory organ of ancestral vertebratesAlso called as HOLONEPHROS 0r
complete kidney as it runs throughout the entire length of coelom
Composed of pair of archinephric ductsEach duct has a pair of tubules to a
segmentEach tubule is opened by a nephrostome
in coelomNear each nephrostome there is an
external glomerulusAll tubules are drained into duct Which opens in cloaca
ArchinephrosLarvae of caecilians and
Hagfish have this type of excretory system
Tissue fluid discharge from glomerulusltltcoelomltlt
Nephrostomeltlttubulesltlt
Archinepric ductsltltcloaca
PRONEPHROS1 Embryonic tubule to appear
hence called as pronephrosAlso called as head kidneyComposed of pronephric ductsConsist of 3 to 15 tubules
segmentally arrangedEach tubules open into coelom
by nephrostomeAlso projecting into coelom
there is an external glomerulus In some cases glomeruli unite
to form glomus
PRONEPHROS All tubules of pronephros open into the
pronephric duct Which opens into cloaca Pronephros is functional only in
embryonic or larval stageand it is soon replaced by mesonephros
Pronephros is retained throughout life in adult cyclostomes and teleost fishes
Filtrate of blood through glomerulusltltcoelomltltnephrostomeltlt
Tubuleltltpronephric ductltltcloaca
MESONEPHROSDevelops from middle part
of intermediate mesodermForm soon after
degradation of pronephrosMesonephros is functionally
better than pronephros bcoz mesonephric tubules
are numerous in numberThey develop internal
glomeruli
MESONEPHROSThey are also termed as
wolffian bodyMesonephros is
functional only in embryos in amniotes
In sharks n caecilians tubules extend posteriorly
Throughout coelom such kidney is called as OPISTHONEPHROS
MesonephrosSoon with the degradation of
pronephros the pronephric duct forms the wolfian or mesonephric duct
In amniotes mesonephros is functional only in the embryos and replaced by metanephros in adults
Nephrpstomes are generally lacking in embryonic amniotes
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
ARCHINEPHROSExcretory organ of ancestral vertebratesAlso called as HOLONEPHROS 0r
complete kidney as it runs throughout the entire length of coelom
Composed of pair of archinephric ductsEach duct has a pair of tubules to a
segmentEach tubule is opened by a nephrostome
in coelomNear each nephrostome there is an
external glomerulusAll tubules are drained into duct Which opens in cloaca
ArchinephrosLarvae of caecilians and
Hagfish have this type of excretory system
Tissue fluid discharge from glomerulusltltcoelomltlt
Nephrostomeltlttubulesltlt
Archinepric ductsltltcloaca
PRONEPHROS1 Embryonic tubule to appear
hence called as pronephrosAlso called as head kidneyComposed of pronephric ductsConsist of 3 to 15 tubules
segmentally arrangedEach tubules open into coelom
by nephrostomeAlso projecting into coelom
there is an external glomerulus In some cases glomeruli unite
to form glomus
PRONEPHROS All tubules of pronephros open into the
pronephric duct Which opens into cloaca Pronephros is functional only in
embryonic or larval stageand it is soon replaced by mesonephros
Pronephros is retained throughout life in adult cyclostomes and teleost fishes
Filtrate of blood through glomerulusltltcoelomltltnephrostomeltlt
Tubuleltltpronephric ductltltcloaca
MESONEPHROSDevelops from middle part
of intermediate mesodermForm soon after
degradation of pronephrosMesonephros is functionally
better than pronephros bcoz mesonephric tubules
are numerous in numberThey develop internal
glomeruli
MESONEPHROSThey are also termed as
wolffian bodyMesonephros is
functional only in embryos in amniotes
In sharks n caecilians tubules extend posteriorly
Throughout coelom such kidney is called as OPISTHONEPHROS
MesonephrosSoon with the degradation of
pronephros the pronephric duct forms the wolfian or mesonephric duct
In amniotes mesonephros is functional only in the embryos and replaced by metanephros in adults
Nephrpstomes are generally lacking in embryonic amniotes
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
ArchinephrosLarvae of caecilians and
Hagfish have this type of excretory system
Tissue fluid discharge from glomerulusltltcoelomltlt
Nephrostomeltlttubulesltlt
Archinepric ductsltltcloaca
PRONEPHROS1 Embryonic tubule to appear
hence called as pronephrosAlso called as head kidneyComposed of pronephric ductsConsist of 3 to 15 tubules
segmentally arrangedEach tubules open into coelom
by nephrostomeAlso projecting into coelom
there is an external glomerulus In some cases glomeruli unite
to form glomus
PRONEPHROS All tubules of pronephros open into the
pronephric duct Which opens into cloaca Pronephros is functional only in
embryonic or larval stageand it is soon replaced by mesonephros
Pronephros is retained throughout life in adult cyclostomes and teleost fishes
Filtrate of blood through glomerulusltltcoelomltltnephrostomeltlt
Tubuleltltpronephric ductltltcloaca
MESONEPHROSDevelops from middle part
of intermediate mesodermForm soon after
degradation of pronephrosMesonephros is functionally
better than pronephros bcoz mesonephric tubules
are numerous in numberThey develop internal
glomeruli
MESONEPHROSThey are also termed as
wolffian bodyMesonephros is
functional only in embryos in amniotes
In sharks n caecilians tubules extend posteriorly
Throughout coelom such kidney is called as OPISTHONEPHROS
MesonephrosSoon with the degradation of
pronephros the pronephric duct forms the wolfian or mesonephric duct
In amniotes mesonephros is functional only in the embryos and replaced by metanephros in adults
Nephrpstomes are generally lacking in embryonic amniotes
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
PRONEPHROS1 Embryonic tubule to appear
hence called as pronephrosAlso called as head kidneyComposed of pronephric ductsConsist of 3 to 15 tubules
segmentally arrangedEach tubules open into coelom
by nephrostomeAlso projecting into coelom
there is an external glomerulus In some cases glomeruli unite
to form glomus
PRONEPHROS All tubules of pronephros open into the
pronephric duct Which opens into cloaca Pronephros is functional only in
embryonic or larval stageand it is soon replaced by mesonephros
Pronephros is retained throughout life in adult cyclostomes and teleost fishes
Filtrate of blood through glomerulusltltcoelomltltnephrostomeltlt
Tubuleltltpronephric ductltltcloaca
MESONEPHROSDevelops from middle part
of intermediate mesodermForm soon after
degradation of pronephrosMesonephros is functionally
better than pronephros bcoz mesonephric tubules
are numerous in numberThey develop internal
glomeruli
MESONEPHROSThey are also termed as
wolffian bodyMesonephros is
functional only in embryos in amniotes
In sharks n caecilians tubules extend posteriorly
Throughout coelom such kidney is called as OPISTHONEPHROS
MesonephrosSoon with the degradation of
pronephros the pronephric duct forms the wolfian or mesonephric duct
In amniotes mesonephros is functional only in the embryos and replaced by metanephros in adults
Nephrpstomes are generally lacking in embryonic amniotes
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
PRONEPHROS All tubules of pronephros open into the
pronephric duct Which opens into cloaca Pronephros is functional only in
embryonic or larval stageand it is soon replaced by mesonephros
Pronephros is retained throughout life in adult cyclostomes and teleost fishes
Filtrate of blood through glomerulusltltcoelomltltnephrostomeltlt
Tubuleltltpronephric ductltltcloaca
MESONEPHROSDevelops from middle part
of intermediate mesodermForm soon after
degradation of pronephrosMesonephros is functionally
better than pronephros bcoz mesonephric tubules
are numerous in numberThey develop internal
glomeruli
MESONEPHROSThey are also termed as
wolffian bodyMesonephros is
functional only in embryos in amniotes
In sharks n caecilians tubules extend posteriorly
Throughout coelom such kidney is called as OPISTHONEPHROS
MesonephrosSoon with the degradation of
pronephros the pronephric duct forms the wolfian or mesonephric duct
In amniotes mesonephros is functional only in the embryos and replaced by metanephros in adults
Nephrpstomes are generally lacking in embryonic amniotes
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
MESONEPHROSDevelops from middle part
of intermediate mesodermForm soon after
degradation of pronephrosMesonephros is functionally
better than pronephros bcoz mesonephric tubules
are numerous in numberThey develop internal
glomeruli
MESONEPHROSThey are also termed as
wolffian bodyMesonephros is
functional only in embryos in amniotes
In sharks n caecilians tubules extend posteriorly
Throughout coelom such kidney is called as OPISTHONEPHROS
MesonephrosSoon with the degradation of
pronephros the pronephric duct forms the wolfian or mesonephric duct
In amniotes mesonephros is functional only in the embryos and replaced by metanephros in adults
Nephrpstomes are generally lacking in embryonic amniotes
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
MESONEPHROSThey are also termed as
wolffian bodyMesonephros is
functional only in embryos in amniotes
In sharks n caecilians tubules extend posteriorly
Throughout coelom such kidney is called as OPISTHONEPHROS
MesonephrosSoon with the degradation of
pronephros the pronephric duct forms the wolfian or mesonephric duct
In amniotes mesonephros is functional only in the embryos and replaced by metanephros in adults
Nephrpstomes are generally lacking in embryonic amniotes
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
MesonephrosSoon with the degradation of
pronephros the pronephric duct forms the wolfian or mesonephric duct
In amniotes mesonephros is functional only in the embryos and replaced by metanephros in adults
Nephrpstomes are generally lacking in embryonic amniotes
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
METANEPHROSArise posterior to the mesonephros Itrsquos the functional kidney of higher
vertebrates or amniotes it is formed from the posterior end
of the nephrogenic mesodermWhen all metanephric tubules
develop all mesonephric ducts disappear except those
Associated with testis in male forming vasa efferentia
It shows greater multiplication and concentration of nephrons
It s functional unit is nephron
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
METANEPHROSRenal CortexRenal corpuscleConvoluted tubulesRenal MedullaCollecting ductsLoop of HenleEach Minor calyx drains a tree of collecting ductswithin a renal pyramidPyramids are separated by columns of cortical tissuescalled renal columnsThe Renal pyramids
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
Nephron The tubules differentiates into the 1) Bowmanrsquos capsule 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule The distal convuluted tubule fuses with the
collecting duct Renal corpuscle = Bowmanrsquos capsuleglomerulus The nephron is
the metanephric excretory unit The origin of the Renal corpuscle and tubules
is distinct from the collecting duct (Metanephric duct) Duct systems merge Renal duct ndash sequence of differentiation renal corpuscle 1048774 proximal tubule 1048774 distal
tubule Loop of Henle elongates into the medulla
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
URINARY BLADDER
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
Urinary bladderMost vertebrates have urinary bladder to store
urine before it is dischargedFISHES enlargement of mesonephric ducts
calledTUBAL BLADDERAMPHIBIANS termed as CLOACAL BLADDERAMNIOTES ATLONTOC BLADDERMammals lack cloaca hence the kidney ducts
or ureter lead directly into the urinary bladder which opens into URETHRA
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
GENITAL SYSTEMVertebrates exhibit sexual reproductionSexes are separate with exception of few
hagfishes and few bony fishesMale gonadshellipTestes hellip produces spermsFemale gonads hellipOvaries hellipproduces ova Gonads originate as a pair of genital ridgesGenerally 1 pair of gonad are present but
some vertebrates have single gonad
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
TESTES AND MALE GENITAL DUCTS
TESTES Seminiferous tubules sperm factory
Produces sperm Mature spermatozoa will
move to rete testisThen to efferent
dutulesltltepididymisltltvas deferensltlturethra
Testes also act as an endocrine gland produces teststerone
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
OVARIESOvaries are found in pairs
except in some cyclostomes and teleosts
Ovary shows layer of germinal epithelium showing ova in various stages of development
Mature eggs are releasesd in the oviduct
This process is termed as OVULATION
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
In the absence of testosteroneThe mesonephric duct degeneratesThe Mullerian duct develops uninhibitedMullerian duct - cranial funnel-shaped opening to thecoelom forms the fimbriare of the infundibulumThe cranial Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubesThe caudal end of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form theuterovaginal canal that later forms the uterus andthe superior vagina
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
Intromittant organs
useful when fertilization is internal introduce sperm into female reproductive tract
found in some fish some birds reptiles amp mammals
cartilaginous fish - appendages of pelvic fins called claspers direct sperm into female reproductive tract
snakes amp lizards - have pair of HEMIPENES
turtles crocodilians a few birds amp mammals - exhibit an unpaired erectile penis penis - usually a thickening of floor of
cloaca consisting of spongy erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum) with grooves to direct sperm amp ending in a glans penis (sensory endings that reflexly stimulate ejaculation)
GOT BORE
GOT BORE