Creating a Nation

1. French and Indian War2. King George III and the Royal Proclamation of 1763.3. Strains - Stamp Act 1765 4. Boston Massacre5. Boston Tea Party6. The Intolerable Acts7. First Continental Congress8. Lexington and Concord9. Battle of Bunker Hill10. Second Continental Congress11. Declaration of Independence12. American Revolution13. Constitution14. President George Washington15. Party System16. Whiskey Rebellion17. 1796 Presidential Election

French and

Indian War 1754-63

Question

What young Colonel in the British Army would gain his experience for the Revolution effort here in the F & I War?

Colonel George Washington

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English

French

Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-GozonMarquis de Saint-Veran.

Or, simply, General Montcalm

Quebec

General Wolfe, through luck or great audacity, sneaks his troops across the St. Lawrence River, forcing the French under Montcalm to surrender.

The death of Montcalm:a. Lived to 65 years of age.b. One day after the treaty was

signed.c. In battle at Quebec.d. In a duel, ten years after the

war.

The death of Wolfe:a. Lived to 65 years of age.b. One day after the treaty was

signed.c. In battle at Quebec.d. In a duel, ten years after the

war.

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With the British defeat of the French at theBattle of Quebec, the French surrendered.

The war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763, The French surrendered its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi.

British General Jeffrey Amherst handled the transition of French forts into British control

A large number of Indians were disturbed by the change-over and the loss of their profits gained by supporting the French. That situation contributed to the outbreak in 1763 of the conflict known as Pontiac's Rebellion. This series of attacks on frontier forts and settlements required the continued deployment of British troops, and was not resolved until 1766.

In a famous council on April 28, 1763, Pontiac

urged listeners to rise up against the British.

1763- The next step for the British in their North American colonies:a. Increase the military presence in the Mississippi River valley.b. Raise funds from the colonies to pay for the war.c. Leave protection of the colonies to the colonial troops

and bring the British home troops back to the UK.d. Continue to search out any remaining French acting as guerillas in

the Appalachians.

This 1756 political cartoon by Benjamin Franklin urged the colonies to join together during the French and Indian War.

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Following Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America, King George III issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763 with the goal of organizing the new North American empire and protecting the native Indians.

Question: What was King

George III’s plan to protect

the native Indians?

a. He had no plan, it was a political scheme to gain support at home.

b. He enlisted colonial troops, stationing them near Indian communities.

c. He made it illegal for any colonial expansion into lands west of the Appalachian Mountains.

d. He paid for the moving of the Indians west of the Mississippi River. Click and repeat

for question.Click to skip question.

The Stamp Act of 1765

The reason for such protests and rebellious actions over the Stamp Act of 1765 was………..(A question to answer).

The Crown never asked the Colonial Legislatures for their input, let alone their approval.

It was 1765 when everything started. It was another year of suffering for the Colonists suffering under the wrath and dominance of the British army.

The issue was drawn: did Parliament have this right to tax Americans who were not represented in it? Crying "No taxation without representation", the colonists refused to pay the taxes as tensions escalated in the late 1760s and early 1770s.

Click and repeat for question

What was the colonist’s cry that would ring throughout the 1760s and 1770s?

a. “Resist the repression and revolt.”

b. “No taxation without representation.”

c. “Curse the Crown.”d. “Give us Liberty or

give us death.”

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Protests and resistance would continue throughout the colonies and within the colonial legislatures

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For whom does this flag represent?

a. Sons of Libertyb. Colonial Toriesc. The “King’s Men” in the coloniesd. Massachusetts's Blood to the Crown.

That night his house and offices were ransacked by an angry crowd. On August 17, he was compelled to publicly resign

his commission. On December 17, the Sons of Liberty again forced him to publicly swear that he would never act as

stamp distributor.

Chronology:1754-1763 French and Indian War1763 British Parliament increases taxes on colonists to pay for the war and

for the British troops in the American colonies.1763 The Stamp Act

Increase in colonial discontent.British Navigation Acts

1764 Sugar Act: 1765 The Quartering Act1766 Declaratory Act 1767 Townshend Revenue Act1767-1773 Six years pass and the colonies are still agitated over the

mother country’s efforts at holding power over them, while not being represented in their parliament, and the presence of British troops.The colonies were subject to Britain’s Mercantilism-colonies could only buy and trade through the homeland, Great Britain.

1773 Boston Tea Party.

In response to the Boston Tea Party Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts: Second Quartering Act (1774); Quebec Act (1774); Massachusetts Government Act (1774); Administration of Justice Act (1774); Boston Port Act (1774); Prohibitory Act (1775). By this point the 13 colonies had organized themselves into the Continental Congress and began setting up shadow governments and drilling their militia in preparation for war.

British troops had been stationed in Boston, capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, since 1768 in order to protect and support crown-appointed colonial officials attempting to enforce unpopular Parliamentary legislation.

Amid ongoing tense relations between the population and the soldiers, a mob formed around a British sentry.

From the trial:Captain Thomas Preston’s

testimony

From the trial: Mr. Goddard’s testimony and Mr. Sam Adam’s views.

“The protestors threw snowballs and shouted at the soldiers, then Captain Preston ordered his men to fire, ‘FIRE!’ and all fired into the crowd.”

“The protestors threw eggshells and clubs, hitting my sentry. There were men standing behind my men. They yelled, ‘fire, damn you, fire.’ I never ordered the lads to fire.”

Five were killed and six wounded by the soldiers.John Adams defended the eight soldiers.

Tensions would continue to rise in Boston.

Question

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The Verdict:a. All acquittedb. All Guiltyc. Transferred

to Great Britain for trial.

d. Only the one soldier who fired first was found guilty.

All Acquitted!

The relationships between the Crown and the Colonies

Who are the “Sons of Liberty”?a. The original Founding Fathersb. Loyalists to the King George IIIc. A gang rebelling against British

acts in the coloniesd. A criminal gang raiding any

British held corporation in the colonies

The “Tea Act of 1773” had forced the colonists to buy only tea from the East India Company. Many colonists had been purchasing black market tea from smugglers.

The demonstrators, some disguised as American Indians, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company, in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773. They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor, ruining the tea.

,

Interesting Facts surrounding the Boston Tea Party:The Sons-of-Liberty gang was very poorly disguised.The Sons-of-Liberty gang caused little damage to the ships,

actually returning the next morning to repair what little damage had been caused.

Proof of the sincerity of the Sons of Liberty’s actions in the Boston Harbor was that previously they had purchased Dutch tea smuggled into the colonies, and now the East India Company’s tea was cheaper than the smuggled tea!

Explain how that indicates “sincerity”?

Punitive Laws enacted byThe British Parliament in 1774

In the colonies they were called the Intolerable Acts, but what were they called in Great Britain?

a. The Colonial Actsb. The Coercive Actsc. The Punitive Actsd. The Revenge Acts

They were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in throwing a large tea shipment into Boston harbor.

Forcing us to drink the tea

Sam Adams

The Parliament attempted a series of

taxes and punishments which met more

and more resistance:

Declaratory Act (1766);

Townshend Revenue Act (1767);

Tea Act (1773).

Second Quartering Act (1774);

Quebec Act (1774);

Massachusetts Government Act (1774);

Administration of Justice Act (1774);

Boston Port Act (1774);

Prohibitory Act (1775).

The First

Continental Congress

September 5, 1774 and October 26, 1774

Why were the 13 colonial legislators asked to send representatives to Philadelphia in 1774?

a. A response to the British Troops in the colonies.

b. A response to the continued Indian problem.

c. A response to the Intolerable Acts.

d. A response to the critical need for a continental army.

Each of the 13 colonial legislatures, except Georgia, would discuss and argue what should be done about the Intolerable Acts coming down on the colonies from the British Parliament.

The Congress met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British trade; rights and grievances; and petitioned King George III for redress of those grievances.

The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that met on September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Click here to see a partial list of representatives.

For next slide

John Adams Massachusetts Samuel Adams Massachusetts Samuel Chase Maryland George Clinton New York Stephen Crane New Jersey Thomas Cushing Massachusetts John De Hart New Jersey John Dickinson PennsylvaniaJames Duane New York

William Floyd New York Benjamin Franklin Pennsylvania Christopher Gadsden South C.Joseph Galloway Pennsylvania

Elbridge Gerry Massachusetts John Hancock Massachusetts Benjamin Harrison Virginia Patrick Henry Virginia George Taylor Pennsylvania George Washington Virginia

Thomas Jefferson Virginia Francis Lightfoot Lee Virginia Philip Livingston New York Robert R. Livingston New York William Livingston New Jersey Samuel Meredith Pennsylvania Arthur Middleton South Carolina Henry Middleton South Carolina Thomas Mifflin Pennsylvania James Monroe Virginia Cadwalader Morris Pennsylvania Robert Morris Pennsylvania Ephraim Paine New York Robert Treat Paine Massachusetts Peyton Randolph Virginia Caesar Rodney Delaware Benjamin Rush Pennsylvania Edward Rutledge South Carolina John Rutledge South Carolina Philip Schuyler New York Roger Sherman Connecticut John Jay New York

Develop a decisive statement of the rights and liberties of the Colonies

Paine’s pamphlet, “Common Sense,” was a big hit in the colonies selling 120,000 copies in three months.

One of the most prominent voices on behalf of independence was Thomas Paine, in his pamphlet Common Sense published in 1776.

Paine's arguments against British rule:

It was absurd for an island to rule a continent.America was not a "British nation"; but was composed of influences and peoples from all of Europe.

Even if Britain were the "mother country" of America, that made her actions all the more horrendous, for no mother would harm her children so brutally.Being a part of Britain would drag America into unnecessary European wars, and keep her from the international commerce at which America excelled.The distance between the two nations made governing the colonies from England unwieldy. If some wrong were to be petitioned to Parliament, it would take a year before the colonies received a response.The New World was discovered shortly before the Reformation. The Puritans believed that God wanted to give them a safe haven from the persecution of British rule.Britain ruled the colonies for her own benefit, and did not consider the best interests of the colonists in governing Britain.

Click and repeat to see Paine’s six main points.

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April 19th, 1775

Following the Boston Massacre and the growing protests after the Stamp Act and the Intolerable Acts, more British troops were sent to Boston to restore order and enforce the tax acts.

What areas were controlled by the British troops?a. Parts of Bostonb. Bostonc. Boston and the areas

around Boston.d. All of Massachusetts.

Massachusetts had ILLEGALLY formed a Rebel government calling for local militias to begin training for possible hostilities.

Their control was effective outside of British controlled Boston.

What was the next move of the British in Massachusetts?

a. Declared Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion.

b. They did nothing.

c. They arrested and jailed the leaders of the Rebel movement.

d. They declared war on the Massachusetts’ colony

About 700 British Army regulars in Boston, under Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith, were given secret orders…..

And their primary orders were?

a. Find and arrest Sam Adams and John Hancock

b. Find the rebel militia and arrest them.

c. Find the rebel supplies.

d. A show of force to discourage the rebels.

The supplies the British were after had been moved to a safe location.

The colonials were warned by Paul Revere and William Daws who rode all night from Boston to Lexington and Concord.

British head toward Lexington

British Patrol captures Revere, Dawes escapes. -Dr. Preston rides on to Concord.

Having completed their search for military supplies, the British forces began their return march to Boston. More militiamen continued to arrive from neighboring towns, and not long after, gunfire erupted again between the two sides and continued throughout the day as the regulars marched back towards Boston.

At the North Bridge in Concord, approximately 500 militiamen engaged three companies of the King's troops at about an hour before Noon, resulting in casualties on both sides. The outnumbered regulars fell back from the bridge and rejoined the main body of British forces in Concord.

Results following the British returning from Concord to Boston.a. The British left Boston in defeat.

b. The British held a line west of Boston.c. The British holed-up in Boston.d. The British retreated to their many ships in Boston Harbor.

The British now had to retreat to Boston and the Colonial Militia had them surrounded.

June 17th, 1775

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The British sent 3000 troops up Breede’s Hill against 2000 colonial troops.They were turned back with great loss…..TWICE.

What was the result of the British troop’s third attempt?

a. The colonials ran, leaving the hill to the British.

b. They were turned back again.

c. The colonists were beaten

d. There was no third attempt.

Why did the colonial troops run?

a. outnumbered

b. British brought artillery

c. They were exhausted and the British were determined.

d. They ran out of ammunition.

Two questions

May 10, 1775

Congress voted to create the Continental Army out of the militia units around Boston

Appointed Congressman George Washington of Virginia as commanding general of the Continental Army.

Congress extended the Olive Branch Petition to the British Crown as a final attempt at reconciliation.

American ports were reopened in defiance of the British Navigation Acts.

John Adams persuaded the congress to appoint Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of a declaration of independence.

The Declaration justified the independence of the United States by listing colonial grievances against King George III, and by asserting certain natural and legal rights, including a right of revolution.

We hold these _________ to be ________________, that all men are _________ ________, that they are _____________by their ___________with certain ______________ __________, that among these are ____, ____________, and the pursuit of ____________.

Click for question; fill in the blanks

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

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question

Guildford Courthouse

Battle of Trenton

Battle of Long Island

Saratoga

The Northern Theatre The Southern Theatre

Gen. Lord Cornwallis

Gen. Nathanael Greene

Gen. Henry Clinton

Gen. “Lighthorse” Harry LeeGen. Washington Francis Marion,

The Swamp Fox

Surrender of Cornwallis

The Siege of Yorktown

A trivia question

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The picture of Cornwallis surrendering to the colonial officer is in error.

What was the major error?

a. Cornwallis sent a subordinate to surrender.

b. Cornwallis surrendered to the general in command, not just a subordinate.

c. Cornwallis surrendered to the French General.

d. Cornwallis surrendered on a French ship in the Yorktown Harbor.

Cornwallis surrenders to a colonial major at Yorktown.

September 17, 1787

September 17, 1787

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more ______________, establish _________, insure ____________ ____________, provide for the common ____________, promote the general _________, and secure the Blessings of __________to ourselves and our ____________, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Click to fill in the blanks in the Preamble

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

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The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America.

The federal government is divided into three branches: the

legislative, consisting of the

bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the

judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts.

The Great Compromise ended the stalemate between "patriots"

and "nationalists“-those favoring the populace states and those favoring the smaller states-leading to numerous other compromises in a spirit of accommodation.

Name the 3

branches

Legislative, Executive, Judicial

The 3 branches

Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton

Under the aggressive leadership of Hamilton the government created:

a. Bank of the United States.b. The office of Treasury Secretary.c. The plan for individual taxation.d. The bicameral legislature.

question

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Bank of the United States

The Party System

Jefferson Madison

question Skip question

Name the major issue over which they disagreed.

a. The Federal Bank.

b. Establishing good relations with France.

c. Establishing good relations with Britain.

d. National income tax.

Hamilton

Hamilton and Washington presented the country in 1794 with the Jay Treaty that reestablished good relations with Britain. The Jeffersoniansvehemently protested, and the voters aligned

behind one party or the other, thus setting up the First Party System.

question Skip question

1794

Western settlers protested

against a federal tax on liquor

What was the response of the federal government?

a. Sent a delegation west to negotiate with the settlers.

b. Withdrew the tax.

d. Lowered the tax to establish peace.

c. Sent the state militia to put down the protest by force.

Washington called out the state militia and personally led an army, as the insurgents melted away and the power of the national government was firmly established.

And the winner……..

FavoredBritain

FavoredFrance

FavoredHamilton’s policiesandLargerGovernment

AgainstHamilton’s policies

andFor more state’s rights

More to follow in this series on a History of the United States.