Chapter 17The Progressive EraSection 1: The Origins of Progressivism

Labor and Social Conditions in 1912

No Labor Unions

Powerful Corporations

Labor Strikes

Lawrence, Massachusetts

4 Goals ofProgressive Movement

Better living conditions Churches Community Centers

YMCA Salvation Army Libraries Swimming Pools

4 Goals ofProgressive Movement

Woman’s Temperance Movement

4 Goals ofProgressive Movement

Muckrakers – journalists writing about corrupt business

4 Goals ofProgressive Movement

Scientific Management – studies to see how quickly work tasks could be performed

Assembly Line, 1913Pros

Cheaper

Cons Fatigue

Improved by Henry Ford, Ford Motors

Local Government

Party bosses- ______________ Bribed people for votes

Cleaning Up Local GovernmentCommission System

1917, 500 cities had commission style city government

1925, 250 cities had managers

Reform at the State LevelRegulate:

Mines

Robert M. La FolletteGovernor of Wisconsin

Tax railroad industry Commission to regulate railroad rates

Progressives Improve The WorkplaceState Legislatures __________________

10 hour work day for men, 1917

Muller V. Oregon State could limit working hours of women

Electoral ReformsOregon – first state to use secret ballot: voter

privacy

Initiative:

Referendum:

Recall:

Minnesota – Voters choose candidates for public office – ______________________ ___________________________– Senators elected by

the people

Chapter 17The Progressive EraSection 2: Women in Public Life

Before Civil WarMarried women worked at home

By 1900, women needed to earn money

Women in the WorkforceFarms

Raised families

Cities

1900,____________women had a job ____% were in manufacturing

Half was in garment industry

Least skilled jobs

Paid half of men’s wages

Better Jobs needed high school graduation and business schooling:

Worked in: Offices Stores Classrooms

Women Without Education

Domestic Workers

Scrubwomen

Minority Women

2 million worked Farms Laundress Scrubwomen Maids

Domestic Labor Cared for Boarders

Women Lead ReformWomen fought for reforms because:

1911-

-Triangle Shirtwaist fire in NYC killed 146

Evaluate Comic

Women Lead ReformNew Women’s colleges opened

Created –

Nurseries Reading rooms

Women’s Suffrage

Women tried: Convincing State legislatures to make law Women’s suffrage Amendment

Chapter 17The Progressive EraSection 3: Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

Rough Riding President

Bold Ambitious Energetic Popular

Trusts

Eliminated smaller companies by lowering prices

Raised prices when there was no more competition

Trusts controlled 80% of US industry

Evaluate Comic

Using Federal Power__________________________________- Roosevelt

sued trusts that affected the public Nicknamed him _____________

1902, 140,000 coal miners strikeOwners did not want to negotiate

Both sides agreed to arbitration Government will now often help settle strikes

Railroad Industry Regulation1887, Interstate Commerce

Commission set up to regulate railroad Not effective

Hepburn Act of 1906 – Strictly limit distribution of free railroad passes Fair shipping rates

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

Roosevelt pushes ____________________ Strict cleaning requirements Federal Meat Inspection

Truth in label Stop contaminated sales

Conservation

Roosevelt and Civil Rights

Pushed for civil rights reform

Chapter 17The Progressive EraSection 4: Progressivism Under Taft

Taft Becomes President

Promotes secretary of war William Howard Taft

Taft’s Problems - Tariffs

Couldn’t successfully pass a law that effectively lowered tariffs

Payne-Aldrich Tariff didn’t lower tariffs much

Taft’s Problems - ConservationHead of US Forest Service ________________

thought wilderness could be preserved and developed

Secretary Richard Ballinger sold federal land to commercial businesses

Republican Party Splits

______________ who wanted change Conservatives who _________________

Taft could not control House of Representatives Speaker Joseph Cannon

Three Candidates1912, Roosevelt runs for president as part of

Progressive party

Democrat NJ governor ________________ also a candidate

Woodrow Wilson Wins Presidency

Chapter 17The Progressive EraSection 5: Wilson’s New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson

Lawyer

University President

Wilson Wins Financial Reforms

More difficult for monopolies to form

Company owners responsible if company violated laws

Labor unions were not trusts

Created Federal Trade Commission

Investigated businesses

Lowered tariffs

Discouraged monopolies

Income tax

Federal Reserve SystemDivided country into districts

Credit more easily available

Women Win Suffrage