1Using Graphics and Visual Using Graphics and Visual Media in InstructionMedia in Instruction

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Dale’s Cone of ExperienceDale’s Cone of Experience

Verbal Symbols

Visual Symbols

Recordings/Radio Still Pictures

Motion Pictures

Television

Exhibits

Field Trips

Demonstrations

Dramatized Experiences

Contrived Experiences

Direct, Purposeful Experiences

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Bruner’s StagesBruner’s Stages

Verbal Symbols

Visual Symbols

Recordings/Radio Still Pictures

Motion Pictures

Television

Exhibits

Field Trips

Demonstrations

Dramatized Experiences

Contrived Experiences

Direct, Purposeful Experiences

AbstractAbstract

IconicIconic

EnactiveEnactive

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Advantages of VisualsAdvantages of Visuals Provide a concrete referent for ideas (More easily

remembered) Motivate learners (Attract attention, hold attention,

generate emotional response) Simplify information, Illustrate relationships Provide redundant channel

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Visual LiteracyVisual Literacy Input Strategies Output Strategies

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Decoding and EncodingDecoding and Encoding Developmental Effects Cultural Effects Visual Preferences

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Goals of Visual DesignGoals of Visual Design Ensure Legibility Reduce Effort Increase Active Engagement Focus Attention

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Three Considerations of Visual Three Considerations of Visual DesignDesign

Elements Pattern Arrangement

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ElementsElements Realistic, Analogic,Organizational

Learning

Unrealistic Highly Realistic

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Elements that Add Appeal Surprise Texture Interaction

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PatternsPatterns Alignment Shape Balance Style Color

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The Rule of The Rule of ThirdsThirds

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ArrangementArrangement Proximity Directionals Figure Ground Contrasts Consistency