Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN):Routing Perspectives

04/15/2023KYUNGPOOKNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea. MoNet Laboratory

www.monet.knu.ac.kr

Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN):Routing PerspectivesSYED HASSAN AHMED, HYUNWOO KANG AND DONGKYUN KIM

1

04/15/2023KYUNGPOOKNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.

MoNet Laboratorywww.monet.knu.ac.kr

Agenda

• Introduction

• DTN in VANETs (VDTN)

• Routing schemes for VDTN

• Research Roadmap

• Results

• Conclusion

2



Introduction Today’s Networking:

◦ Device Centric

◦ Communicate by addressing the device.

◦ >90% of traffic is accessing different kind of data.

◦ Inefficient for Content/data dissemination.

◦ Multicast ~ at huge cost of Network resources.

◦ Addressing ~ Inefficient : DNS, IPv6, etc. to identify devices.

◦ Service Discovery ~ Many protocols, with no standard.

◦ Mobility? ~ Achievable but not inherent in today’s networks.◦ Security? ~ Connection: IPSec, VPN, SSL, but not Content ….

Result --> spam.

3



Introduction The Mobile Network Through 2018 Mobile data traffic will reach the following milestones within the next

five years.

• Monthly global mobile data traffic will surpass 15 EB by 2018.

• The number of mobile-connected devices will exceed the world’s population by 2014.

• The average mobile connection speed will surpass 2 Mbps by 2016.

• Due to increased usage on smartphones, smartphones will reach 66 percent of mobile data traffic by 2018.

• Monthly mobile tablet traffic will surpass 2.5 exabyte per month by 2018.

• 4G traffic will be more than half of the total mobile traffic by 2018.

TB = Terabyte (1000 GB)PB = Petabyte (1000 TB)EB = Exabyte (1000 PB)

Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2013–2018

Communication of huge amount of DATA/CONTENTS with addressed devices.

Information Centric Networking

4



Introduction Information Centric Networking (ICN)

ICN represents the third revolution in telecommunication networks….Van Jacobson

◦ Information / Contents / Data are at the center of networking not nodes/machines.

◦ Name DATA not Location.

◦ Request DATA in Network (Not data provider/host)

◦ Any node with the DATA (or copy in its Cache), Responds the Request. (Authenticate Data not connection).

◦ Less delay, More Security, DNS….

◦ Pull based consumer driven communication:

◦ Broadcast Interest Packet ~ Wait for Data Packet

5



Introduction

Routing Table

The concept of an ICN does not force applications to take on host-centric information.

Instead, it detaches the application from such concerns.Gareth Tyson et al.Where’s in the name?

6



Vehicular Network• Highly dynamic topology.

• Unpredictable link lifetime.

• Safety and Non-Safety applications.• Large data requirements.• Delay constraints, etc.

• With/Without infrastructure support.

• Data ranges from short messages to Large video contents

V2V Communication

V2I Communication

7



Vehicular Information Centric Network

V2V Communication

V2I Communication

Name Prefixes Out.Faces

FIB

Names In.Faces

PIT

CS

Available at each VANET

node.

How to name each contentin Vehicular Network?

• Maintaining Names (specially in PIT) and FIB.• Data Structure with minimum space….• Fast addition and deletion of names ….

• Searching Names from PIT and FIB.• Speed and accuracy.

• Forwarding based on the search result.

8



Naming in General Identifiers (names or locators) used to identify resources.

Flat: ni:///sha-256;UyaQV-Ev4rdLoHyJJWCi11OHfrYv9E1aGQAlMO2X_-Q 128-bit hash: 0x265357902fe1b7e2a04b897c6025d7a2

32-bit truncated hash: 0x26535790 ni:///sha-256-32;f4OxZQ?ct=text/plain (with query string)

Hierarchical:ni://www.bupt.edu.cn/content/a.avi

Attribute-Based:category, format, date, feature, level and so on.

Hybrid:hn://monet.knu.ac.kr/pic/jpg;ah4asnfqur2r4st;jpg:800*400:logo

Every Scheme has its pros and cons.

9



Naming Schemes for VICN• Forwarding Strategies

• Segmentation and Reassembly

• Architectures

[1] … it could be /maps/LA/downtown in the case of digital map of a place /traffic/pics/highway/Route51 in the case of digital map of a place.

[2][3] /traffic/geolocation/timestamp/data type/nonce “AppID” “RoadID/direction/Sec #” “UNIX” “Meaning of Data” “Large Rnd No.”

“Close lane/veh. Spd.” “distinguish same data generated by two publishers/vehicles” [4] /ndn/ucla/parking/ . . . /c1/c2/ . . . /cn where ci = (xi,yi)

[1] Marica Amadeo, Claudia Campolo, Antonella Molinaro, Enhancing content-centric networking for vehicular environments, Computer Networks, Volume 57, Issue 16, 13 November 2013, Pages 3222-3234

[2] Wang, L.; Wakikawa, R.; Kuntz, R.; Vuyyuru, R.; Lixia Zhang, "Data naming in Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications," IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), 2012, pp.328,333, 25-30 March 2012

[3] Ryuji Wakikawa et al.,” NDN Applicability to V2V and V2R Networks,” in Proc. CCNxCon2012, September 2012[4] Pesavento, D.; Grassi, G.; Palazzi, C.E.; Pau, G., "A naming scheme to represent geographic areas in NDN," IFIP Wireless Days (WD), 2013, pp.1,3, 13-15 Nov. 2013

10



Proposed Naming SchemeHybrid naming scheme that uniquely identifies, aggregates and helps in routing the contents.

11



Extension….

Root

Name Prefixes

Compact Trie Structure

Lookup Process

US/CA/FU

CHRIS/CA64193/VIDEO/MJ2/……

SETH/CA74305/IMAGE/……

SAL/CA62539/AUDIO/VND.DTS/……

BRENT/CA91818/IMAGE/G3FAX/……

VICN://US/CA/FU/BRENT/CA91818/IMAGE/G3FAX/……

VICN://US/CA/FU/SAL/CA62539/AUDIO/VND.DTS/……

VICN://US/CA/FU/SETH/CA74305/IMAGE/……

VICN://US/CA/FU/CHRIS/CA64193/VIDEO/MJ2/……

Name Lookup Solution with Adaptive Prefix Bloom filter (NLAPB).

Processing time to Add 100 prefixes in prefix table

Processing time per prefix delete from prefix table

12



Conclusion

We proposed a naming scheme for VICN that uniquely identifies the digital contents generated by the vehicles. The content aggregation

and routing can easily be performed based on this scheme.

13

1/7/2015 14KYUNGPOOKNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Daegu, Korea.


Thanks



What Next….

VANET/V2X

Which ICN architecture?

Naming?

Requester Mobility: OK

Provider Mobility: ?

Role of RSUs?

Role of Backoffice Network?

Routing?

Caching Policy?

Security?

15

Education

Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN):Routing Perspectives