Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
凌日階段 時間 太陽方向/方位角/仰角
日出 5時37分 東北偏東/065°/0°
Ⅰ 凌始外切 6時11分 東北偏東/068°/6°
Ⅱ 凌始內切 6時29分 東北偏東/069°/10°
凌甚 9時31分 西北偏西/081°/51°
Ⅲ 凌終內切 12時31分 西北偏西/278°/88°
Ⅳ 凌終外切 12時48分 西北偏西/274°/84°
2012年6月6日 金星凌日
不按比例
注意選擇適當的觀測地點
罕有的金星凌日
• 1631 December 7 • 1639 December 4
• 1761 June 6 • 1769 June 4
• 1874 December 9 • 1882 December 6
• 2004 June 8 • 2012 June 6
• 2117 December 11
Last chance in your life!
121.5 years
105.5 years
121.5 years
105.5 years
行星與太陽平均距離 (以天文單位計算)
Copernicus Kepler 20th Century
Mercury 0.3763 0.389 0.387
Venus 0.7193 0.724 0.723
Earth 1.0000 1.000 1.000
Mars 1.5198 1.523 1.524
Jupiter 5.2192 5.200 5.202
Saturn 9.1743 9.510 9.539
1天文單位 (AU, Astronomical Unit) = 太陽與地球的距離
Parallax 視差
not to scale
Jeremiah Horrocks (1618 - 1641)
• British • predicted and
observed the transit of Venus on Dec 4, 1639
Captain Cook
The red dots represent expeditions of 1761 and 1769. Location: Expedition leader, Nationality 1 = Cape of Good Hope : Mason & Dixon, British (1761) 2 = St. Helena : Maskelyne, French (1761) 3 = Rodrigues Island : Pingré, French (1761) 4 = Tobolsk, Russia : Chappe, French (1761) 5 = St. John’s, Newfoundland : Winthrop, British (1761) 6 = Tahiti : Cook, British (1769) 7 = Pondicherry, India : Le Gentil, French (1769) 8 = Cabo San Lucas, Mexico : Chappe, French (1769) 9 = North Cape, Norway : Bayley, British (1769) 10 = Haiti : Pingré, French (1769) 11 = Hudson Bay, Canada : Dymond, British (1769)
The blue dots represent expeditions of 1874 and 1882. Location: Sponsoring nations 1 = Vladivostok, Russia : United States, Russia (1874) 2 = Nagasaki, Japan : United States (1874) 3 = Beijing, China : United States, Germany, Russia, France (1874) 4 = Kerguelen Island : United States, Britain, Germany (1874) 5 = Tasmania : United States (1874) 6 = New Zealand : United States (1874, 1882), Britain (1874) 7 = Chatham Island : United States (1874) 8 = Auckland Islands : Germany (1874) 9 = Mauritius : Britain, Germany (1874) 10 = Isfahan, Iran : Germany, Russia (1874) 11 = Cairo, Egypt : Britain, Russia (1874) 12 = Hawai’i : Britain (1874)
13 = Rodrigues Island : Britain (1874) 14 = St. Paul’s Island : France (1874) 15 = Campbell Island : France (1874) 16 = Yokohama, Japan : France, Mexico (1874) 17 = Calcutta, India : Italy (1874) 18 = Tashkent, Uzbekistan : Russia (1874) 19 = Reunion Island : Netherlands (1874) 20 = South Africa : United States, Britain (1882) 21 = Santa Cruz, Argentina : United States (1882) 22 = Santiago, Chile : United States (1882) 23 = Algeria : France (1882) 24 = South Georgia : Germany (1882)
Path of Venus 2004
Credit: Tunc Tezel
English “Planet” = wanderer
中文 「行星」
日本語 「惑星」
太白金星
太白，金星，名二實一。太白即金星。亦名啟明，長庚，明星。據《詩·小雅·大東》記載：「東有啟明，西有長庚。」「啟明，長庚皆金星也。」另據《史記·天官書》曰：「察日行以處位太白。」正義引《天官佔》雲：「太白者，西方金之精，白帝之子，上公，大將軍之像也。」 古時，以金星辰見於東方謂「啟明」，夕位於西方曰「長庚」，《詩經》上說：「東有啟明，西有長庚」。傳說太白金星主殺伐，古代詩文中多以比喻兵戎。 《西遊記》有太白金星（李長庚）奉玉皇大帝旨下界詔安孫悟空之說。
Credit: Stairways to the Stars, Anthony Aveni
• Position of
Venus night
after night at
the same time
each night
• Symbols at 2
week intervals
The pre-dawn Venus
East
The rising Sun
Credit: Stairways to the Stars, Anthony Aveni
The Dresden Codex : a Maya picture book produced in northern Yucatan about the 11th century
http://www.famsi.org/mayawriting/codices/dresden.html
• Venus in a Maya sacred book. The five-page Venus Table on pages 46-50 of the Dresden Codex showing pictures of the Venus god flinging arrows and his events, dates, intervals, directions, and resulting omens.
• The Maya had a unique calendar system based on Venus
東大距
西大距
下合
上合 合
衝
內行星 vs 外行星
260 days --> 8 days --> 260 days --> 50 days A period of 584 days
Galileo's spyglass Galileo's spyglass
• At the beginning, the Dutch are
treating the scope as a kind of fun toy,
to spy the neighbor.
• Galileo improve the design. For a city
that depends on its sea trade as
Venice does, this invention seems
miraculous and very valuable.
Venus is large when in a crescent phase
Credit: David Cortner
Samuel Dunn (d. 1794) "A Determination of the exact Moments of Time when the Planet Venus was at external and internal contace with the Sun's Limb…,". Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London London: Lockyer Davis, 1771. Volume LX (1770)
050628 UT - First Contact 052010 UT - Geometrical Mid Transit
052727 UT - Contiguous Atmospheric Scattered-Light Arc
053309 UT - Atmosphere Brightens with Decreasing Limb Distance
053850 UT - SECOND CONTACT - PSF Broadening IS Seen
053924 UT - Clean Separation - The Trek Across the Photosphere Begins
http://nicmosis.as.arizona.edu:8000/ECLIPSE_WEB/TRANSIT_04/TRACE/TOV_TRACE.html
http://nicmosis.as.arizona.edu:8000/ECLIPSE_WEB/TRANSIT_04/TRACE/TOV_MOVIES/TOV_2004_INGRESS_RING_8BIT.mov
Drawings of Venus, made in 1882 by the British astronomer William Frederick Denning (1848-1931), and published in La Planete Venus by Camille Flammarion (1842–1925). This is a crescent Venus, with an attempt made here to show the change in the appearance of Venus over several days as the crescent waxes (from left to right). At the time, it was not known what the surface of Venus looked like. Now, it is known that Venus is covered in clouds and surface features are not visible.
Life on Venus?
Golden Press (1961)
太陽由西邊升起
渡日如年
Density: 53 times denser than our Earth
Atmospheric Pressure: 90 times higher than our Earth
Venera 金星號
USSR
The sister planet
UV image of Venus by Marnier 10
Venus 金星 Credit: NASA/JPL, Calvin J. Hamilton
Magellan
麥哲倫號
Credit: NASA/JPL
Credit: JPL/NASA/USGS
Credit: NASA/JPL
Why the twins are so different?
Venus Express 金星特快號 ESA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oet63vzBvkg
凌日階段 時間 太陽方向/方位角/仰角
日出 5時37分 東北偏東/065°/0°
Ⅰ 凌始外切 6時11分 東北偏東/068°/6°
Ⅱ 凌始內切 6時29分 東北偏東/069°/10°
凌甚 9時31分 西北偏西/081°/51°
Ⅲ 凌終內切 12時31分 西北偏西/278°/88°
Ⅳ 凌終外切 12時48分 西北偏西/274°/84°
2012年6月6日 金星凌日
不按比例
注意選擇適當的觀測地點
講座系列
第一講：金星凌日的科學與歷史 日期：2012年5月13日(星期日) 講者：張師良先生（香港大學理學院科學導師）
時間：下午3時-4時30分 地點：香港太空館演講廳
第二講：金星凌日及日環食現象及觀測 日期：2012年5月20日(星期日) 講者：余惠俊先生（香港天文學會外務副會長）
第三講：金星 日期：2012年5月27日(星期日) 講者：張師良先生（香港大學理學院科學導師）
第四講：太陽系外的凌日現象 日期：2012年6月2日(星期六) 講者：李文愷博士（香港大學物理系副教授）
6月6日觀測活動 • 尖沙咀星光大道 • 06:00 - 13:00
• 小型觀測站在網頁公佈
• 網上直播
www.facebook.com/transitofvenushk transitofvenus.hk hk.space.museum roadshow.science.hku.hk
