Wikipedia: the educator's friend (!)

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the educator’s friend (!)the educator’s friend (!)Nathan RinneNathan Rinne

Feb. 2010Feb. 2010

Wikipedia: the educator’s friend (!)Wikipedia: the educator’s friend (!)

Abstract:Abstract:

““Wikipedia can be an excellent springboard for Wikipedia can be an excellent springboard for learning some profound lessons. We’ll look at learning some profound lessons. We’ll look at practical ways to use it with students (grade 7 and up) practical ways to use it with students (grade 7 and up) to: a) develop solid research skills, b) think critically to: a) develop solid research skills, b) think critically about the nature of authority and evidence, and c) about the nature of authority and evidence, and c) produce persuasive written and oral arguments.”produce persuasive written and oral arguments.”

Based on paper located hereBased on paper located here: : http://eprints.rclis.org/17452/http://eprints.rclis.org/17452/

Live recorded webinar: Live recorded webinar: http://minitex.umn.edu/events/training/archived.asp#274http://minitex.umn.edu/events/training/archived.asp#274

Wikipedia: the educator’s friend (!)Wikipedia: the educator’s friend (!)

Outline:Outline: IntroductionIntroduction

I.I. A Wikipedia world A Wikipedia world

II.II. Starting Starting with Wikipedia?with Wikipedia?

III.III. Demystifying, not banning, Wikipedia Demystifying, not banning, Wikipedia

IV.IV. Beyond the “Information Triumvirate” (and “Algorithmic Beyond the “Information Triumvirate” (and “Algorithmic Authority”Authority”))

A.A. Advanced Googling (Algorithm-driven tools) Advanced Googling (Algorithm-driven tools)

B.B. Using Delicious (personally curated tools) Using Delicious (personally curated tools)

C.C. Electronic Library for Minnesota / MNLink (professionally Electronic Library for Minnesota / MNLink (professionally curated tools [library catalogs, databases] …(and curated tools [library catalogs, databases] …(and DD.).)

V.V. What’s really real What’s really real

VI.VI. Practicing sharing knowledge persuasively Practicing sharing knowledge persuasively

The power of oneThe power of one

““The free encyclopedia The free encyclopedia anyone can edit”anyone can edit”

““The number of elephants The number of elephants has tripled in the last six has tripled in the last six months.”months.”----comedian Stephen Colbert, writing in comedian Stephen Colbert, writing in Wikipedia in July, 2006 Wikipedia in July, 2006

http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/72347/http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/72347/july-31-2006/the-word---wikialityjuly-31-2006/the-word---wikiality

The power of manyThe power of many

YouTube clipYouTube clip

““distributed unfamiliar users can work distributed unfamiliar users can work collaboratively to distill breaking news collaboratively to distill breaking news reports into well-referenced, coherent reports into well-referenced, coherent narratives.”narratives.”Mengisen, Annika. “By a Bunch of Nobodies: A Q&A With the Author of Mengisen, Annika. “By a Bunch of Nobodies: A Q&A With the Author of The Wikipedia The Wikipedia RevolutionRevolution” Freakonomics: the Hidden Side of Everything. New York Times Company, 16 Jun. ” Freakonomics: the Hidden Side of Everything. New York Times Company, 16 Jun. 2009. Web. 30 Nov 2009. (direct link: : 2009. Web. 30 Nov 2009. (direct link: : http://freakonomics.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/16/by-a-bunch-of-nobodies-a-qa-with-the-author-http://freakonomics.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/16/by-a-bunch-of-nobodies-a-qa-with-the-author-of-the-wikipedia-revolution/?pagemode=printof-the-wikipedia-revolution/?pagemode=print))

The power of manyThe power of many

Benefits of WikipediaBenefits of Wikipedia

Free, useful content (as well as new and more obscure stuff)Free, useful content (as well as new and more obscure stuff) Many more articles than Encyclopedia BritannicaMany more articles than Encyclopedia Britannica Up-to-date, many articles are constantly revised for clarityUp-to-date, many articles are constantly revised for clarity Easily accessible (250+ languages), organized, hyperlinkedEasily accessible (250+ languages), organized, hyperlinked Strong sense of ethics and rules about making contributionsStrong sense of ethics and rules about making contributions Keeps a history of all edits and discussionsKeeps a history of all edits and discussions Free articles from persons who enjoy the topics they write Free articles from persons who enjoy the topics they write

about and want to effectively share their knowledge with about and want to effectively share their knowledge with othersothers

Helps us focus on creating credibility through references Helps us focus on creating credibility through references (reliable sources)(reliable sources)

Perfect for getting people to think critically about truth, Perfect for getting people to think critically about truth, authority, biasauthority, bias

I. A Wikipedia worldI. A Wikipedia world

““It works in practice but not in theory.”It works in practice but not in theory.”

--a popular saying among Wikipedians --a popular saying among Wikipedians


Most frequently used encyclopedia in the worldMost frequently used encyclopedia in the world Effort to “codify all human knowledge”Effort to “codify all human knowledge” Launched in 2001 by Jimbo Wales and Larry SangerLaunched in 2001 by Jimbo Wales and Larry Sanger Named after wiki, the Hawaiian word for “quick.”Named after wiki, the Hawaiian word for “quick.” Participants include die-hards and “Good Samaritans”Participants include die-hards and “Good Samaritans” Built-in features that allow vandalism to be quickly Built-in features that allow vandalism to be quickly

correctedcorrected It is one part of the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation.It is one part of the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Wikipedia employs two dozen employees with a $6 Wikipedia employs two dozen employees with a $6

million budget.million budget.


August 10, 2006 August 10, 2006 Google search:Google search: World War II: #1World War II: #1Israel: #1Israel: #1G. Washington: G. Washington: #4#4Genome: Genome: #9#9Agriculture: Agriculture: #6#6Herman Melville: Herman Melville: #3#3Internet: Internet: #5#5Magna Carta: Magna Carta: #2#2Evolution: Evolution: #3#3Epilepsy: Epilepsy: #6#6


December 14, 2007December 14, 2007 World War II: #1World War II: #1Israel: #1Israel: #1G. Washington: G. Washington: #2#2Genome: #1Genome: #1Agriculture: #1Agriculture: #1Herman Melville: #1Herman Melville: #1Internet: #1Internet: #1Magna Carta: #1Magna Carta: #1Evolution: #1Evolution: #1Epilepsy: Epilepsy: #3#3

January, 2009:January, 2009:World War II: #1World War II: #1Israel: #1Israel: #1George Washington: #1George Washington: #1Genome: #1Genome: #1Agriculture: #1Agriculture: #1Herman Melville: #1Herman Melville: #1Internet: #1Internet: #1Magna Carta: #1Magna Carta: #1Evolution: #1Evolution: #1Epilepsy: #1Epilepsy: #1

Carr:Carr: “…it's a clean sweep “…it's a clean sweep for Wikipedia.”for Wikipedia.”

II. StartingII. Starting with Wikipedia?with Wikipedia?

““Wikipedia is like a digital circus where the Wikipedia is like a digital circus where the clowns are in charge of feeding the lions.”clowns are in charge of feeding the lions.”

——Tara BrabazonTara Brabazon



Playing the ball, not the man.Playing the ball, not the man.


? ?


II. Starting with Wikipedia? II. Starting with Wikipedia?


““[Wikipedia] is a very important [Wikipedia] is a very important fixture in modern intellectual fixture in modern intellectual life”life”

““had had Wikipedia notWikipedia not been been committed to reporting committed to reporting information found in expert-information found in expert-vetted sources, it would surely vetted sources, it would surely not be as popular as it is.”not be as popular as it is.”

--Larry Sanger, Wikipedia co-founder --Larry Sanger, Wikipedia co-founder Sanger, Larry. "The Fate of Expertise After Sanger, Larry. "The Fate of Expertise After WikipediaWikipedia." ." http://www.larrysanger.org/http://www.larrysanger.org/, n.d. Web. 30 , n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2009. (direct link: Nov. 2009. (direct link: http://http://www.larrysanger.org/FateOfExpertiseAfterWikipedia.pdfwww.larrysanger.org/FateOfExpertiseAfterWikipedia.pdf))

II. StartingII. Starting with Wikipedia?with Wikipedia? ““To the prospective To the prospective

journalist: there is no journalist: there is no better place to start better place to start researching a story than researching a story than Wikipedia, and probably Wikipedia, and probably no worse place to stop no worse place to stop and use as a final word. In and use as a final word. In short, don’t do it. short, don’t do it. Wikipedia has helped you Wikipedia has helped you get your research started get your research started faster; don’t ruin your faster; don’t ruin your experience by using it experience by using it incorrectly.” incorrectly.” --Andrew Lih--Andrew Lih

III. Demystifying, not banning, III. Demystifying, not banning, WikipediaWikipedia

““Stephen Colbert… John Stewart… Stephen Colbert… John Stewart… Borat… Somehow in a world of truthiness, Borat… Somehow in a world of truthiness, where we select the truths we like, it has where we select the truths we like, it has become too easy to dismiss ‘straight’ become too easy to dismiss ‘straight’ commentary and criticism. If it’s not fake, commentary and criticism. If it’s not fake, we don’t believe it.”we don’t believe it.”

--Dick Meyer--Dick Meyer


Wikipedia’s three core policies:Wikipedia’s three core policies:

Neutral Point of View (N.P.O.V.)Neutral Point of View (N.P.O.V.)VerifiabilityVerifiabilityNo original researchNo original research


Controversial entries?Controversial entries?

-Strives to give reader a sense of “the shape of” -Strives to give reader a sense of “the shape of” disputes (“describe”, not “engage in”, disputes)disputes (“describe”, not “engage in”, disputes)

-Aims to create a “growing consensus over a -Aims to create a “growing consensus over a neutral representation of information.”neutral representation of information.”

-Do not want to “leave the reader confused as to -Do not want to “leave the reader confused as to what the academic consensus on a subject what the academic consensus on a subject might be.” might be.”


More detail:More detail: NPOV: no one without bias – just try to fairly NPOV: no one without bias – just try to fairly

show “who believes what, and why, and which show “who believes what, and why, and which points of view are most common”points of view are most common”

Verifiability: “the threshold for inclusion is Verifiability: “the threshold for inclusion is Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth”Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth”

No original research: “If you are able to prove No original research: “If you are able to prove something that few or none currently believe, something that few or none currently believe, Wikipedia is not the place to Wikipedia is not the place to premièrepremière such a such a proof.” proof.”

IV. Beyond the “Information Triumvirate” IV. Beyond the “Information Triumvirate” (and “Algorithmic Authority”(and “Algorithmic Authority”))

““[My students] imagined successful [My students] imagined successful research to be what inspired the least research to be what inspired the least negative reaction on my part, opting out of negative reaction on my part, opting out of the deeper learning involved.”the deeper learning involved.”

——Houman HarouniHouman Harouni


Janes, Joseph. Janes, Joseph. “Why Johnny Can’t “Why Johnny Can’t SearchSearch.” .” American LibrariesAmerican Libraries Jan. 2007 Jan. 2007


What is the “Information What is the “Information Triumvirate”?Triumvirate”?

The medium of the internetThe medium of the internet (which stores and supplies information)(which stores and supplies information)

The search engine of GoogleThe search engine of Google (which dominates the navigation of the (which dominates the navigation of the internet)internet)

The info source of WikipediaThe info source of Wikipedia (which dominates results served up by (which dominates results served up by Google) Google)

Carr, Nicholas. “All hail the information triumvirate!” [Webblog entry.] Carr, Nicholas. “All hail the information triumvirate!” [Webblog entry.] Rough Type. n.p. 22 Jan 2009. Rough Type. n.p. 22 Jan 2009. (http://www.roughtype.com/archives/2009/01/all_hail_the_in.php). 30 (http://www.roughtype.com/archives/2009/01/all_hail_the_in.php). 30 Nov, 2009. Nov, 2009.


“ “Where lives or fortunes depend on it, Where lives or fortunes depend on it, complete accuracy still matters as much complete accuracy still matters as much as ever. But for most everything else, the as ever. But for most everything else, the tradeoff point is moving toward faster, not tradeoff point is moving toward faster, not deeper.” deeper.”

Nicholson, Peter, Nicholson, Peter, " " The Changing Nature of Intellectual AuthorityThe Changing Nature of Intellectual Authority." ." www.arl.org.www.arl.org. Association of Research Libraries, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. (direct link: Association of Research Libraries, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. (direct link: http://www.arl.org/resources/pubs/mmproceedings/nicholson~print.shtmlhttp://www.arl.org/resources/pubs/mmproceedings/nicholson~print.shtml))


When the important problems come…When the important problems come…

we want to get as much relevant information from known we want to get as much relevant information from known experts as possibleexperts as possible

So we can…So we can…

analyze itanalyze it make informed decisionsmake informed decisions speak in a convincing fashion to others.speak in a convincing fashion to others.


Do we want to do a “tough Do we want to do a “tough investigation” / “serious investigation” / “serious exploration” search?exploration” search?

To see more of the whole To see more of the whole elephant?elephant?

Needed: additional Needed: additional knowledge and research knowledge and research skills.skills.

IV. A. Advanced Googling IV. A. Advanced Googling (Algorithm-driven tools)(Algorithm-driven tools)

We are unlike hobbits…We are unlike hobbits…

……who don’t like who don’t like to use tools if to use tools if they don’t they don’t understand how understand how they workthey work


Wikipedia Wikipedia microfinancemicrofinance article article


Use Advanced Search:Use Advanced Search:

““find pages similar to the page”find pages similar to the page” ““find pages that link to the page”find pages that link to the page”

Also limit searches to specific :Also limit searches to specific :

SitesSites Domains (.edu, for example)Domains (.edu, for example) Geographic Regions Geographic Regions



Wikipedia Wikipedia Friedrich Friedrich WilhelWilhel RaiffeisenRaiffeisen article article


Ways this tool might be useful:Ways this tool might be useful:

check to see if a specific book covers check to see if a specific book covers something you’re interested insomething you’re interested in

find which books cite the journal article you find which books cite the journal article you are interested inare interested in

see how a famous quote has been usedsee how a famous quote has been used more…more…



IV. B. Using Delicious IV. B. Using Delicious (personally curated tools)(personally curated tools)

Also see Also see http://http://gnolia.comgnolia.com// and and http://http://www.diigo.comwww.diigo.com//..

IV. B. Using Delicious IV. B. Using Delicious (personally curated tools)(personally curated tools)

IV. C.IV. C. Electronic Library for Minnesota / MNLink Electronic Library for Minnesota / MNLink (professionally curated tools [library catalogs, databases])(professionally curated tools [library catalogs, databases])

Wikipedia “verifiability” page:Wikipedia “verifiability” page:

““[verifiability] does not… mean that [verifiability] does not… mean that any one can [check the cited sources] any one can [check the cited sources] instantaneously, without any cost or instantaneously, without any cost or effort”effort”

http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability, accessed Nov. 20, 2009., accessed Nov. 20, 2009.


The deep, or “invisible” webThe deep, or “invisible” web

A lot of stuff on A lot of stuff on servers is servers is excluded by excluded by general purpose general purpose search engines, search engines, whose “spiders” whose “spiders” only create an only create an abridged and abridged and incomplete version incomplete version of the web for us of the web for us to search.to search.


www.elm4you.orgwww.elm4you.org

https://www.mnlinkgateway.orghttps://www.mnlinkgateway.org

Other professionally curated tools: Other professionally curated tools: www.lii.orgwww.lii.org, , www.ipl.orgwww.ipl.org, , www.about.comwww.about.com, , www.dmoz.orgwww.dmoz.org, , www.oaister.orgwww.oaister.org, , http://http://infomine.ucr.eduinfomine.ucr.edu, , www.intute.ac.ukwww.intute.ac.uk, , http://http://dir.yahoo.comdir.yahoo.com, and , and http://thomas.loc.govhttp://thomas.loc.gov. . (these curate the free web, not the (these curate the free web, not the periodicals available through ELM)periodicals available through ELM)




Why consider ELM / lib catalogs? Why consider ELM / lib catalogs?

Some of the top expert knowledge, past & presentSome of the top expert knowledge, past & present (writers get paid because they have the “know that” (writers get paid because they have the “know that” & “know how”)& “know how”)

Variety of informed perspectivesVariety of informed perspectives([mostly] accurate facts, different *frames*)([mostly] accurate facts, different *frames*)

Enjoyable to readEnjoyable to read (well-written, rhetorical skills)(well-written, rhetorical skills)

Eye to the “common good” Eye to the “common good” (Respectful persuasion up, Name-calling down)(Respectful persuasion up, Name-calling down)

Beyond algorithms, popularityBeyond algorithms, popularity (More powerful searching tools, controlled (More powerful searching tools, controlled vocabularies, etc.)vocabularies, etc.)

IV. D. Beyond the internetIV. D. Beyond the internet

Barbara A. Chernow:Barbara A. Chernow: most docs and resources in most docs and resources in

libraries and archives have not libraries and archives have not been digitalized…been digitalized…

““internet is the fast-food internet is the fast-food restaurant of research”restaurant of research”

““acquiring facts is becoming a acquiring facts is becoming a replacement for learning and replacement for learning and analysis. Instead of one source, analysis. Instead of one source, the Internet is becoming the only the Internet is becoming the only source.”source.”Chernow, Barbara A. Chernow, Barbara A. Beyond the Internet: Successful Research StrategiesBeyond the Internet: Successful Research Strategies. Lanham, Maryland: . Lanham, Maryland: Bernan Press, 2007 Bernan Press, 2007

V. What’s really realV. What’s really real

I don’t think what is important is that the I don’t think what is important is that the student use the best sources. What student use the best sources. What isis important is that the student important is that the student learn how to learn how to determinedetermine the best source the best source..

——Jeff Maehre (emphasis his)Jeff Maehre (emphasis his)

V. What’s really realV. What’s really realGood teachers have a certain humility about their Good teachers have a certain humility about their

knowledge. Note that as we learn we increasingly realize knowledge. Note that as we learn we increasingly realize there is…there is…

Stuff we don’t know.Stuff we don’t know. Stuff we know we don’t know.Stuff we know we don’t know. Stuff we don’t know we know.Stuff we don’t know we know. Stuff we know but don’t know how to express.Stuff we know but don’t know how to express. Stuff we don’t know we don’t know… Stuff we don’t know we don’t know…

-This to, is valuable knowledge. Wisdom!-This to, is valuable knowledge. Wisdom!-Sources that libraries (and Wikipedia!) offer can enhance -Sources that libraries (and Wikipedia!) offer can enhance

this learning…this learning…


How can you begin to tell whether you are dealing with How can you begin to tell whether you are dealing with sources that are authoritative, credible, reliable…sources that are authoritative, credible, reliable…

vs. “crap”vs. “crap”

Neil Postman spoke of “…the art of crap detection”Neil Postman spoke of “…the art of crap detection”

““Crap” is information tainted by…Crap” is information tainted by…

ignoranceignorance inept communicationinept communication deliberate deceptiondeliberate deception

- Howard Rheingold- Howard Rheingold


How can you begin to tell whether you are dealing with How can you begin to tell whether you are dealing with sources that are authoritative, credible, reliable…sources that are authoritative, credible, reliable…

Considered the source? (author/organization credentials, Considered the source? (author/organization credentials, qualifications)qualifications)

Investigated bias? (ideologies, conflicts of interest)Investigated bias? (ideologies, conflicts of interest) Peer reviewed? (i.e. fact-checking, analyzing arguments, Peer reviewed? (i.e. fact-checking, analyzing arguments,

etc)etc) Triangulated the source? (find 2 other sources that Triangulated the source? (find 2 other sources that

support it) support it)

……are great “rules of thumb” but not iron-clad laws!*are great “rules of thumb” but not iron-clad laws!*

* - must consider varieties of context and purpose, that exceptions * - must consider varieties of context and purpose, that exceptions abound, and that reputability does not guarantee infallibility.abound, and that reputability does not guarantee infallibility.

V. What’s really realV. What’s really real ““Khotyn is a small town in Khotyn is a small town in

Moldova. That is a piece of Moldova. That is a piece of information about Eastern information about Eastern European geography, and one that European geography, and one that could be right or could be wrong. could be right or could be wrong. You’ve probably never heard of You’ve probably never heard of Khotyn, so you have to decide if Khotyn, so you have to decide if you’re going to take my word for it. you’re going to take my word for it. (The “it” you’d be taking my word (The “it” you’d be taking my word for is your belief that Khotyn is a for is your belief that Khotyn is a town in Moldova.)”town in Moldova.)”

http://www.shirky.com/weblog/2009/11/a-http://www.shirky.com/weblog/2009/11/a-speculative-post-on-the-idea-of-algorithmic-speculative-post-on-the-idea-of-algorithmic-authority/authority/


““Do you trust me? You don’t have much to go on, and Do you trust me? You don’t have much to go on, and you’d probably fall back on social judgment — do other you’d probably fall back on social judgment — do other people vouch for my knowledge of European geography people vouch for my knowledge of European geography and my likelihood to tell the truth? Some of these social and my likelihood to tell the truth? Some of these social judgments might be informal — do other people seem to judgments might be informal — do other people seem to trust me? — while others might be formal — do I have trust me? — while others might be formal — do I have certification from an institution that will vouch for my certification from an institution that will vouch for my knowledge of Eastern Europe? These groups would in knowledge of Eastern Europe? These groups would in turn have to seem trustworthy for you to accept their turn have to seem trustworthy for you to accept their judgment of me. (judgment of me. (It’s turtles all the way downIt’s turtles all the way down.)”.)”

http://www.shirky.com/weblog/2009/11/a-speculative-post-on-the-idea-of-http://www.shirky.com/weblog/2009/11/a-speculative-post-on-the-idea-of-algorithmic-authority/algorithmic-authority/


TrustTrust is produced when others believe that youis produced when others believe that you: :

carecare are are sincere sincere

(you say what you mean and mean what you say)(you say what you mean and mean what you say) are are competent competent

(you know what you are talking about [i.e. have the (you know what you are talking about [i.e. have the relevant relevant experiential knowledge] and have the necessary experiential knowledge] and have the necessary skills to skills to deliver). deliver).

ReliabilityReliability is simply these is simply these three things over time.three things over time.

--Susan Hintz, Osseo Area --Susan Hintz, Osseo Area School Superintendent School Superintendent


It’s complicated…It’s complicated… generally speaking, it is good to trust generally speaking, it is good to trust

authorities when they speak to us about authorities when they speak to us about what is established knowledge (and often what is established knowledge (and often need to!)need to!)

want persons to ask challenging want persons to ask challenging questions, exercise creativity, look hard at questions, exercise creativity, look hard at evidence, and use critical thinking…evidence, and use critical thinking…

After all…After all…


In physics, Einstein In physics, Einstein re-frames everythingre-frames everything

M.C. Escher, M.C. Escher, RelativityRelativity

V. What’s really realV. What’s really real Many prominent thinkers pan Many prominent thinkers pan

Orwell’s fictionOrwell’s fiction


Although in their policy Wikipedia sensibly Although in their policy Wikipedia sensibly strives to reflect the views of “established strives to reflect the views of “established sources” they at least implicitly acknowledge that sources” they at least implicitly acknowledge that establishment views can be wrong.establishment views can be wrong.http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability , accessed Oct. 28, 2009 , accessed Oct. 28, 2009

http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sourcesen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources

This doesn’t legitimize conspiracy theories!This doesn’t legitimize conspiracy theories!

--among their other problems, these seem to view among their other problems, these seem to view all all sources of establishment knowledge as deceitful, sources of establishment knowledge as deceitful,

kind of like Humpty Dumpty… kind of like Humpty Dumpty…


““When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said, in a rather When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said, in a rather scornful tone, “it means just what I choose it to mean — scornful tone, “it means just what I choose it to mean — neither more nor less.”neither more nor less.”

““The question is,” said Alice, “whether you can make words The question is,” said Alice, “whether you can make words mean so many different things.”mean so many different things.”

““The question is,” said The question is,” said Humpty Dumpty, “which Humpty Dumpty, “which is to be master — that’s is to be master — that’s all.”all.”

--Through the Looking Glass, --Through the Looking Glass, Lewis CarrollLewis Carroll


Will we…Will we…

cynically embrace the art of rhetoric, without a cynically embrace the art of rhetoric, without a concern to be truthful? concern to be truthful?

Or… Or…

believe we can and must aim to speak truthfullybelieve we can and must aim to speak truthfully

(can we get started on Wikipedia?) (can we get started on Wikipedia?)

VI. Practicing sharing knowledge VI. Practicing sharing knowledge persuasivelypersuasively

““Wikipedia is the first place I go for Wikipedia is the first place I go for knowledge, or when I want to create it.” knowledge, or when I want to create it.”

--Steven Colbert--Steven Colbert


““Wikipedia provides a unique opportunity to…Wikipedia provides a unique opportunity to…

get students involved in ongoing conversations about get students involved in ongoing conversations about writing for a real audience,writing for a real audience,

meeting genre expectations,meeting genre expectations, revising for clarity and purpose,revising for clarity and purpose, and entering into public discussions about the nature of and entering into public discussions about the nature of

truth, accuracy, and neutrality”…truth, accuracy, and neutrality”…

Crovitz, D., and W. Smoot. "Wikipedia: Friend, Not Foe. " English Journal 98.3 (2009): 91-Crovitz, D., and W. Smoot. "Wikipedia: Friend, Not Foe. " English Journal 98.3 (2009): 91-97. ProQuest Education Journals, ProQuest. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.97. ProQuest Education Journals, ProQuest. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.


Teachers want students to be able to:Teachers want students to be able to:

Effectively analyze what others sayEffectively analyze what others say Think critically about itThink critically about it Synthesize itSynthesize it Solve problems with their knowledgeSolve problems with their knowledge

Being able to solve problems includes:Being able to solve problems includes:

Being able to convince people you have a good answerBeing able to convince people you have a good answer ……in an intelligent, open, and honest fashionin an intelligent, open, and honest fashion


I.D. gaps in articles, or things that make you go “hmm…”I.D. gaps in articles, or things that make you go “hmm…” start new articles start new articles from scratch (being careful not to do from scratch (being careful not to do

original research)original research) copyediting for grammar and punctuation, copyediting for grammar and punctuation, adding hyperlinks and citations (“verifiability”)adding hyperlinks and citations (“verifiability”) improving the style of the article improving the style of the article start small!start small!

Crovitz, D., and W. Smoot. "Wikipedia: Friend, Not Foe. " English Journal 98.3 (2009): 91-Crovitz, D., and W. Smoot. "Wikipedia: Friend, Not Foe. " English Journal 98.3 (2009): 91-97. ProQuest Education Journals, ProQuest. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.97. ProQuest Education Journals, ProQuest. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.

Wikipedia Wikipedia microfinancemicrofinance article article


[Wikis] “invoke a more synthesized relationship. [Wikis] “invoke a more synthesized relationship. Readers (who may also be writers) are Readers (who may also be writers) are expected to act critically by evaluating expected to act critically by evaluating assumptions, evidence, and context in order to assumptions, evidence, and context in order to measure worth and (possibly) respond. Writers measure worth and (possibly) respond. Writers (who are likewise readers) must in turn expect (who are likewise readers) must in turn expect to justify, support, and document their to justify, support, and document their statements, as well as to engage with the statements, as well as to engage with the questions and critique of readers.”questions and critique of readers.”

Crovitz, D., and W. Smoot. "Wikipedia: Friend, Not Foe. " English Journal Crovitz, D., and W. Smoot. "Wikipedia: Friend, Not Foe. " English Journal 98.3 (2009): 91-97. ProQuest Education Journals, ProQuest. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.98.3 (2009): 91-97. ProQuest Education Journals, ProQuest. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.


Ironically, students will need to learn to argue Ironically, students will need to learn to argue effectively in order to collaboratively create effectively in order to collaboratively create “non-argumentative” (unbiased) encyclopedia “non-argumentative” (unbiased) encyclopedia articles!articles!

““students [will] enter a turbulent environment students [will] enter a turbulent environment where every syllable has to be defended by where every syllable has to be defended by people with no authority over anyone else, people with no authority over anyone else, where no editor has final say.”where no editor has final say.”

Maehre, Jeff "What It Means to Ban Wikipedia." Maehre, Jeff "What It Means to Ban Wikipedia." College TeachingCollege Teaching 57.4 (2009): 229- 57.4 (2009): 229-236. 236. EBSCO MegaFILEEBSCO MegaFILE. EBSCO. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.. EBSCO. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.


Critical questions that can help increase Critical questions that can help increase knowledge and understanding:knowledge and understanding:

What do you mean by that? What do you mean by that? How did you come to that conclusion (i.e. How did you come to that conclusion (i.e.

what are your reasons for coming to that what are your reasons for coming to that conclusion)? conclusion)?

Have you considered […]? Have you considered […]?


Many teachers have done creative Wikipedia Many teachers have done creative Wikipedia assignments (see www.Wikipedia:school)assignments (see www.Wikipedia:school)

One teacher on her history class’ response: One teacher on her history class’ response: Exciting to…Exciting to…

engage in actual historiographic debateengage in actual historiographic debate ““contribut[e] to high-stakes historical discourse” contribut[e] to high-stakes historical discourse”

(audience larger than in-class group)(audience larger than in-class group) demonstrate on discussion pages that have sifted demonstrate on discussion pages that have sifted

through relevant scholarship on topics…through relevant scholarship on topics…


Some had fear regarding the higher stakes:Some had fear regarding the higher stakes:

"intimidating" "intimidating" "disliked the idea that [they] might have to erase "disliked the idea that [they] might have to erase

or change another person's Wiki offering. or change another person's Wiki offering. Scary." Scary."

did not want to choose "something that would did not want to choose "something that would be attacked right away" be attacked right away"

expressed concern about "not upsetting others expressed concern about "not upsetting others who had written on the same topic" who had written on the same topic"


Others talked about how much they learned:Others talked about how much they learned:

Another student perhaps summed up the stakes Another student perhaps summed up the stakes of the historical profession best, writing, "it is of the historical profession best, writing, "it is exciting to see if your addition survives.“exciting to see if your addition survives.“

“…“…this assignment reinforced in me the this assignment reinforced in me the importance of thorough research. I definitely did importance of thorough research. I definitely did not want to put info on Wiki that I was not sure not want to put info on Wiki that I was not sure about.“about.“


And many noted the satisfaction the assignment gave And many noted the satisfaction the assignment gave them: them:

"I felt like I had contributed to the scholarship of history” "I felt like I had contributed to the scholarship of history” another wrote it was the most “personally rewarding" another wrote it was the most “personally rewarding"

assignment they had ever completed in school. assignment they had ever completed in school. Students loved the “new-ness" of the innovation, one Students loved the “new-ness" of the innovation, one

writing ''''who has ever done that before in a class?“writing ''''who has ever done that before in a class?“

Pollard, Elizabeth Ann "Raising the Stakes: Writing about Witchcraft on Wikipedia." Pollard, Elizabeth Ann "Raising the Stakes: Writing about Witchcraft on Wikipedia." History TeacherHistory Teacher 42.1 (2008): 9-24. 42.1 (2008): 9-24. EBSCO MegaFILEEBSCO MegaFILE. EBSCO. Web. 4 Nov. 2009. . EBSCO. Web. 4 Nov. 2009.


““Wikipedians… may challenge students to Wikipedians… may challenge students to revise or re-envision information that advocates revise or re-envision information that advocates or argues rather than informs.” [It is after all, an or argues rather than informs.” [It is after all, an encyclopedia, and students] …may have trouble encyclopedia, and students] …may have trouble adopting the more formal, neutral voice adopting the more formal, neutral voice appropriate for an encyclopedia (i.e., objective, appropriate for an encyclopedia (i.e., objective, expository, and nonpromotional).”expository, and nonpromotional).”

Crovitz, D., and W. Smoot. "Wikipedia: Friend, Not Foe. " English Journal Crovitz, D., and W. Smoot. "Wikipedia: Friend, Not Foe. " English Journal 98.3 (2009): 91-97. ProQuest Education Journals, ProQuest. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.98.3 (2009): 91-97. ProQuest Education Journals, ProQuest. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.


Different kind of audience and purpose for writing, Different kind of audience and purpose for writing, but still must present credible and relevant info:but still must present credible and relevant info:

““In cases of non-argumentative essays, it shouldn’t In cases of non-argumentative essays, it shouldn’t be hard to see how relevance of information is be hard to see how relevance of information is applicable the same way it is in arguments”.applicable the same way it is in arguments”.

Maehre, Jeff "What It Means to Ban Wikipedia." Maehre, Jeff "What It Means to Ban Wikipedia." College TeachingCollege Teaching 57.4 (2009): 229-236. 57.4 (2009): 229-236. EBSCO MegaFILEEBSCO MegaFILE. EBSCO. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.. EBSCO. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.

one helpful step in nurturing effective students of one helpful step in nurturing effective students of rhetoric who are also sensitive to concerns about the rhetoric who are also sensitive to concerns about the nature of truth, accuracy, and neutrality.nature of truth, accuracy, and neutrality.

““When I was growing up you could read in the When I was growing up you could read in the newspaper about the Vietnam War or Watergate newspaper about the Vietnam War or Watergate but you never really got a deep history. I but you never really got a deep history. I remember asking my parents, this Vietnam War remember asking my parents, this Vietnam War thing, how did it start and what's going on? And thing, how did it start and what's going on? And they wouldn't have the time to explain it to me. they wouldn't have the time to explain it to me. Today, if a teenager were to say, can you tell me Today, if a teenager were to say, can you tell me about what's going on, they would immediately about what's going on, they would immediately go to Wikipedia. It has completely changed the go to Wikipedia. It has completely changed the way we consume the news.”way we consume the news.”

-- Andrew Lih, author of -- Andrew Lih, author of The Wikipedia RevolutionThe Wikipedia Revolution Rossmeier, Vincent. “Are We Dangerously Dependent on Wikipedia?” Salon. Salon Media Group, 24 Mar. Rossmeier, Vincent. “Are We Dangerously Dependent on Wikipedia?” Salon. Salon Media Group, 24 Mar. 2009. Web. 30 Nov 2009. (direct link: 2009. Web. 30 Nov 2009. (direct link: http://www.salon.com/books/int/2009/03/24/wikipedia/http://www.salon.com/books/int/2009/03/24/wikipedia/) )

FIN.FIN.

Primary Bibliography - 1Primary Bibliography - 1

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Shirky, Clay. “A Speculative Post on the Idea of Algorithmic Shirky, Clay. “A Speculative Post on the Idea of Algorithmic Authority” [Webblog entry.] Clay Shirkey. N.p. 15 Nov 2009 Authority” [Webblog entry.] Clay Shirkey. N.p. 15 Nov 2009 (http://www.shirky.com/weblog/2009/11/a-speculative-post-on-the-(http://www.shirky.com/weblog/2009/11/a-speculative-post-on-the-idea-of-algorithmic-authority/). 9 Dec 2009.idea-of-algorithmic-authority/). 9 Dec 2009.

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Sources for pics in presentation - 1Sources for pics in presentation - 1

Wikipedia logo: Wikipedia logo: http://blog.delaranja.com/wp-content/uploads/wikipedia-logo.pnghttp://blog.delaranja.com/wp-content/uploads/wikipedia-logo.png (permission (permission granted by email)granted by email)

Stephen Colbert pic: Stephen Colbert pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Colberthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Colbert Nicholas Carr pic: Nicholas Carr pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_G._Carr http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_G._Carr ““Just Say No” Wikipedia: http://www.ecrans.fr/local/cache-vignettes/L450xH332/arton2684-Just Say No” Wikipedia: http://www.ecrans.fr/local/cache-vignettes/L450xH332/arton2684-

6dc54.jpg6dc54.jpg “ “Playing the ball, not the man” (basketball pic): Playing the ball, not the man” (basketball pic):

http://www.flickr.com/photos/yourdon/3823194254/http://www.flickr.com/photos/yourdon/3823194254/ Jaron Lanier pic: http://www.flickr.com/photos/vanz/144476323/ ; Maoism pic: Jaron Lanier pic: http://www.flickr.com/photos/vanz/144476323/ ; Maoism pic:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/oldtasty/105479490/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/oldtasty/105479490/ ““Do you have a facebook?”: Do you have a facebook?”:

http://lonewolflibrarian.wordpress.com/2009/05/21/warning-to-libraries-with-facebook-pages-05-2http://lonewolflibrarian.wordpress.com/2009/05/21/warning-to-libraries-with-facebook-pages-05-21-09/1-09/ ; Wikipedia logo: ; Wikipedia logo: http://blog.delaranja.com/wp-content/uploads/wikipedia-logo.pnghttp://blog.delaranja.com/wp-content/uploads/wikipedia-logo.png ; Pope ; Pope Benedict: Benedict: http://britanniaradio.blogspot.com/2009_02_04_archive.htmlhttp://britanniaradio.blogspot.com/2009_02_04_archive.html

People as lemmings: Flickr photo credit: People as lemmings: Flickr photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/hikingartist/3554540625http://www.flickr.com/photos/hikingartist/3554540625 Larry Sanger pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger Larry Sanger pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger

Wikipedia Revolution book cover: http://www.amazon.com/Wikipedia-Revolution-Nobodies-Wikipedia Revolution book cover: http://www.amazon.com/Wikipedia-Revolution-Nobodies-Greatest-Encyclopedia/dp/B002KAOS60/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258394321&sr=1-Greatest-Encyclopedia/dp/B002KAOS60/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258394321&sr=1-1 1

Sources for pics in presentation - 2 Sources for pics in presentation - 2

Why Johnny Can’t… : Why Johnny Can’t… : http://www.amazon.co.uk/Why-Johnny-Cant-Read-about/dp/0060913401http://www.amazon.co.uk/Why-Johnny-Cant-Read-about/dp/0060913401, , http://http://www.mbakeradvertisingconsultant.tv/Showcase.htmlwww.mbakeradvertisingconsultant.tv/Showcase.html, , http://www.challies.com/archives/book-reviews/why-johnny-cant-preach.phphttp://www.challies.com/archives/book-reviews/why-johnny-cant-preach.php, , http://www.amazon.com/Why-Johnny-Cant-Concentrate-Attention/dp/0553375415http://www.amazon.com/Why-Johnny-Cant-Concentrate-Attention/dp/0553375415, , http://http://www.whyjohnnycantsell.comwww.whyjohnnycantsell.com//, , http://www.natvanbooks.com/cgi-bin/webc.cgi/st_prod.html?p_prodidhttp://www.natvanbooks.com/cgi-bin/webc.cgi/st_prod.html?p_prodid=892=892, , http://http://www.drlaura.com/reading/index.html?modewww.drlaura.com/reading/index.html?mode==view&idview&id=5=5, , http://books.rediff.com/book/Linden-Myra-J/Why-Johnny-Can't-Write-P/ISBN:0805808531/822500http://books.rediff.com/book/Linden-Myra-J/Why-Johnny-Can't-Write-P/ISBN:0805808531/8225004949, , http://www.douban.com/subject/2568002/http://www.douban.com/subject/2568002/

Woman at computer: Microsoft clip art ; Google: Woman at computer: Microsoft clip art ; Google: http://hydgeeks.blogspot.com/2008/03/how-to-clear-google-search-history.htmlhttp://hydgeeks.blogspot.com/2008/03/how-to-clear-google-search-history.html ; Wikipedia logo: ; Wikipedia logo: http://blog.delaranja.com/wp-content/uploads/wikipedia-logo.pnghttp://blog.delaranja.com/wp-content/uploads/wikipedia-logo.png

Blind men and elephant: Blind men and elephant: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16379/16379-h/16379-h.htm Hobbits: Hobbits:

http://i297.photobucket.com/albums/mm220/AnnaMollyMadison/Lord%20of%20the%20Rings/lotrhttp://i297.photobucket.com/albums/mm220/AnnaMollyMadison/Lord%20of%20the%20Rings/lotr2.jpg2.jpg

Google: Google: http://hydgeeks.blogspot.com/2008/03/how-to-clear-google-search-history.htmlhttp://hydgeeks.blogspot.com/2008/03/how-to-clear-google-search-history.html Google book search: Google book search:

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_m0YtPN5vgmI/SUAhQT0f9qI/AAAAAAAAJtU/P3SOopnPwGk/s400/gohttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_m0YtPN5vgmI/SUAhQT0f9qI/AAAAAAAAJtU/P3SOopnPwGk/s400/google-book-search-logo.jpgogle-book-search-logo.jpg

Delicious: Delicious: http://blog.perksconsulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/http-_pulse2com_wp-content_uploahttp://blog.perksconsulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/http-_pulse2com_wp-content_uploads_2008_07_delicious-logo.pngds_2008_07_delicious-logo.png

Sources for pics in presentation - 3 Sources for pics in presentation - 3

Deep web: Deep web: http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?chttp://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c==jep;viewjep;view==text;rgntext;rgn==main;idnomain;idno=3336451.0007.104=3336451.0007.104

Elm4you, MNLink: obtained via Google Image search, no urls collectedElm4you, MNLink: obtained via Google Image search, no urls collected ““Beyond the Internet” book cover: Beyond the Internet” book cover: http://www.bernan.com/images/1598881736.jpghttp://www.bernan.com/images/1598881736.jpg Howard Rheingold pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HowardRheingoldJI4.jpg Howard Rheingold pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HowardRheingoldJI4.jpg Clay Shirky pic: Clay Shirky pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_Shirkyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_Shirky Osseo Area Schools logo – no url collectedOsseo Area Schools logo – no url collected Einstein pic: Einstein pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein M.C. Escher “Relativity”: M.C. Escher “Relativity”: http://darnstraight.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/lego-relativity-real.jpghttp://darnstraight.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/lego-relativity-real.jpg George Orwell pic: George Orwell pic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwell ; 1984 book cover: ; 1984 book cover:

http://transcurrents.com/tc/1984TC0923.jpghttp://transcurrents.com/tc/1984TC0923.jpg Humpty Dumpty: Humpty Dumpty: http://www.sabian.org/Alice/lgchap06.htmhttp://www.sabian.org/Alice/lgchap06.htm