Year 11 GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide

Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.3.1/3.3.2/3.3.3

Moral Rights

What we expect from others…

Moral Rights of students Moral rights of teachers Moral rights of parents To have work

handed on time To have the resources

needed to teach good lessons

To be contacted in cases of behaviour

To be taught properly

To be listened to in class To be helped with housework

To receive support from parents

To be respected by students and parents

To receive reports about their child’s progress

Moral Responsibilities

Legal rights at school/college Expectations that the law says must be met

What we should do to support others so rights are not violated!

Our Responsibilities at school/college…

As Parents or Carers: Check child’s homework

timetable and diary Take an interest in their

education Support the teacher and

their decisions

As Students: Listen to the teacher To not distract other

students from learning Complete all homework by

the deadline Respect the teacher and the

school area.

3.3.1- Rights and Responsibilities in school, college and the wider community

As Teachers: Teach good lessons and set

suitable class work/homework

Treat each student equally Mark work regularly Update parents about

progress

Students- Receive Religious Education

Teachers- Punish Students for poor behaviour

Teachers- Insist School uniform is worn

Students- Receive free education


Legal Responsibilities

The Education Act 1996- Parents have a legal responsibility to ensure their child has a proper full time education. (Failure to do so= Fine or Imprisonment)

If child often misbehaves at school Parents receive Parenting Order!

How they are reinforced?

The stages of a school complaints policy

Local Authorities & Government Departments giving advice

Let the teacher or tutor know what the problem is

If nothing has happened, inform the head of department, head of year or

deputy head teacher

If the problem becomes more serious and the stages above have not solved the issue, let the head teacher know

If the complaint is not dealt with, it now reaches the Formal Stage where school governors’ or local authority are contacted

‘Official Government Website for Citizens’

Take complaints regarding school and education


How are Human Rights protected?

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The European Convention on Human Rights

The Human Rights Act

United Nations drew up the UDHR IN 1945

30 Articles of Human Rights

NOT laws More and More Countries

are starting to follow them

EVERY Country in the United Nations follow them

E.g. Article 1: Everyone is born free and equal

1950 The Council of Europe

build on the UDHR European Citizens’ can

appeal to the ECtHR if they feel their country laws are not protecting their rights

E.g. ‘Life, liberty and security of the person’

1998 United Kingdom

passed this Act The Articles of the

ECHR were brought together into the law.

Independent Agency Gives advice about citizens’ rights Give free and impartial

advice/information 2008 Campaigned to reduce the cost of

the school uniforms Registered charity

Amnesty International

Pressure Group

Founded in 1961 by lawyer Peter Benenson

Help protect Human Rights across the world!

Take action by:

Writing letters to leading politicians

Protesting


Conflict between the interests of employers and employees:

How the law protects employees and employers

Tax -

Amount of money that the people in the country have to pay the Government so it can provide public services

Taxation

3.3.2- Rights and Responsibilities as citizens within the economy & welfare system

Similar Interests:

Business is successful; Health & Safety is in place; Good Management; Resolve problems;

Employees’ rights:

Regular rest breaks

Maternity & paternity

leave

Paid holidays

Written Contract

Treated equally

Healthy & safe

workplace

Fair reason for

dismissal

Be paid at or above

the national minimum

wage

Employers’ rights:

Protection against

other businesses

copying

products/services

(LTD’s) Take out loans

without personal

property at risk

Have employees that

take care of the

property, work

honestly and don’t

disclose information

Direct IndirectThe tax that comes straight out of your earnings/income/wages which is compulsory

Tax on goods we buy or services we usewhich is optional

INCOME TAX

NATIONAL INSAURANCE

INHERITANCE TAX?

CAPITAL GAINS TAX?

VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT)

COROPORATION TAX

COUNCIL TAX

EXCISE DUTY TAX

ROAD TAXDon’t have to pay if:

On benefits Have a pension In full time education Don’t work


To encourage environmentally responsible behaviour!

Trade Unions -A labour union of workers in a particular trade.

What do they do?

Offer advice and help Act as a pressure group to gain better rights for the specific trade Support the Labour Party

You need to belong to a Trade Union because they can support you in decisions made against you.

LANDFILL TAX

Tax which is paid for each tonne of waste deposited at landfill sites.

AIR PASSANGER DUTY

Tax which is paid when you buy an airline ticket-

Designed to discourage

CLIMATE CHANGE KEY

A charge made by businesses that have a high energy use.

FUEL DUTY

Tax paid on petrol and diesel fuel.

VEHICLE EXCISE DUTY

An annual charge paid to have vehicles on the road

CONGESTION CHARGE

A fee paid by drivers when taking their vehicles into central London.

The National Union of Teachers;

NUT is a union for teachers and they specifically campaign on educational issues for example, fair pay for teachers.

Fire Brigades’ Union;

The FBU represents over 85% of uniformed staff and the rescue team.

They campaign for: fair play, fairness at work etc.

Hospital Consultants' and Specialists' Association;

HCSE represents the views of senior hospital medical staff in the UK such as consultants. They campaign for suitable pay for working overtime.


Patent Law

A patent gives an owner the legal right to stop others from copying, making, selling or importing and invention without permission. You have to apply for a patent.

Copyright Law

Copyright is the exclusive right given to an owner who has produced a material such as a book, magazine or a piece of music. It only protects innovated products that have been produced. You don’t have to apply for a copyright

Minimum Wage – The lowest legal wage given to employees

Arguments for and against ‘increasing the minimum wage’

Minimum wage for under 18 years; £3.68 Ages 18-20; £4.98 21 and over; £6.19

Social Responsibility (Corporate Social Responsibility)

For

It will enable workers to be motivated more as they will be getting paid more. This will mean that, the productivity of a business will increase.

More people will have more to spend which will benefit the UKs economy.

If it increases, the standards of living will increase; poverty will reduce, reduce inequality in a work place and boost morale.

Against

Affects the Business/Company- The costs will increase meaning that they will be making less profit. This means that spending will decrease, resulting in the economy becoming unstable.

If it increases, business will hire fewer employees unemployment raises.

It will affect the less skilled workers as businesses will employ workers with greater skills and qualifications.


Being socially responsible as a business means you are aware and consider the community around you when trying to make a profit. You engage with the local community for example, regularly giving donations to local charities.

Benefits:

More respected Better reputation so they’ll be supported by the community Employees will feel valued Work harder and more effectively

The

Economy: The system a country uses to organise and manage its money, industry and trade

Public Services: Services that are directly run by the Government

George Osborne-Chancellor of the

Exchequer- Manages the country’s economy and

sets budgets

HospitalsSchools Local Park

Advantages: The profit margins are

kept low Directly controlled by

Government so they won’t be used inappropriately

All services are free

Disadvantages: Some services are

expensive to run so taxes can rise

Not getting best value for money

Less competition for Private Sector


Private Services: Services that are by individuals to make profit

Sustainable Development:

Using resources efficiently to preserve the planet but still meeting the needs of humans so future generations can also use them.

3.3.3- Extending our understanding of a global citizen’s rights and responsibilities.

Saving Energy at home:

Turning electrical appliances off

Shower instead of bathing Reuse and recycle

Saving Energy at school:

Walking/cycling to school Reduce, reuse and recycle Use the internet for

communication instead of paper

Bus Services Oil Refineries

Advantages: Cheaper to run Can invest for the future,

promoting sustainability More control of the service

Disadvantages: Prices can increase May have to backed by

taxpayer if making a loss in the business

INFLATION: A lot of money circulating in the economy can cause prices to rise sharply.

DEFLATION: With money low, prices drop, borrowing decreases and the economy suffers.


Barriers to Sustainable Development:

Cost to the public will increase Some renewable resources are uncertain/not reliable e.g. for car companies and using

biomass People can change their minds on becoming sustainable

Agenda 21

A programme run by the United Nations to find ways on how to ensure sustainable development.

Millennium Development Goals

Local Agenda 21:

Local authorities in the UK have designed LA21

to reduce waste and improve the

environment.

Recycling Schemes

Cycle routes

Traffic-calming measures

In 2000, 189 countries met at UN

To share economic and social development

To be achieved by 2015!

Non- renewable resources:

COAL

OIL

NUCLEAR

NATURAL GAS

Renewable resources:

WIND SOLAR

WAVE GEOTHERMAL

TIDAL BIOMASS

HYDRO-ELECTRIC

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg


MEDC’s and LEDC’s

MEDC’s: Countries which have high levels of development

LEDC’s: Countries with low levels of development

Development Indicators- measuring the growth of countries by different factors

Development Indicators …In MEDC’s … In LEDC’sEducation ↑ High ↓LowMortality Rate ↓Low ↑HighBirth Rate ↓Low ↑HighDeath Rate ↓Low ↑HighEconomic Development ↑High ↓LowGross Domestic Product ↑High ↓Low

Advantages of giving Aid Disadvantages of giving Aid

Saving lives LEDC’s can become dependentRebuilds livelihood and families Aid may not reach the people who need itIncreasing international relations/ allies May put economical political pressure on LEDCSIncreases support for businesses The long term projects may not be completedReduces refugees Proportions of profits may be sent back to MEDCs

Aid: Helping others

Interdependence

When countries are dependent on each other

MEDC’s on LEDC’s for primary products

LEDC’s for income

Humanitarian Aid:

Sending aid quickly to save lives

Development Aid:

Help fund long term projects- People in ledc’s work themselves

Bilateral Aid:

Given by the government of one country directly to another

Multilateral Aid:

Many countries contributing to a fund (richer countries)


Trade: The action of buying and selling goods and services.

Develops/maintains international relations Unequal bargaining powerMutually beneficial Puts locals out of businessBetter quality products Become more on trade rather than self-producing

Fair Trade

Trade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries.

Media- Ways of communicating with the public using technologies of print, video and sound

Types of Media

Ways in which

media is used

Radio Books

Poverty

Broadcasting

Drug Abuse

Social NetworkingTV

Terrorism

Crime

Religion

Magazine

Newspaper

Fashion

Aid from Non-Governmental Organisations:

Given by charities

Free Press

A press not restricted or controlled by Government censorship

Disadvantages of giving TradeAdvantages of giving Trade

Fair Trade Fortnight

launched in 2008-

Government supporting

the poorest people


How the media helps bring change in democratic/non-democratic societies?

Democratic Non-democraticAsking Questions Satellite communicationExposing mistakes/wrong-doing/corruption Demanding changeProvide information that public may not be aware of Using free press from democraciesApplying pressure

Freedom of Speech

Key Element to a democracy

Very Few restrictions

Violating someone’s right to privacy

Encourages unethical journalism

Bias

Censorship

Media which is regulated by the Government and so it is restricted

Protects National Security

Right to privacy is not violated

Less Discriminating

Violated Freedom of Expression

Integral of a Dictatorship

More Scare-mongering

The Leveson Enquiry:

Public enquiry which looks at the ethics of the British Media

Chaired by Lord Justice Leveson- appointed in July 2011

Leveson Enquiry report published in November 2012- reviews the

culture of the press

Rupert Murdoc

h

Owns 40% of the Media

Launched the Sun 3.26 million copies sold in the first week

Chairman and CEO of the News Corporation
