4226 4230.output

* GB784633 (A)

Description: GB784633 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to cigarette cases

Description of GB784633 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of filing Complete Specification: Nov 22, 1954. Application Date: Jan28, 1954 No 2671154. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 18, A( 1 W: 2 G: 5: 6 R: BE). International Classification:-B 65 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Cigarette Cases I, GEORGE KIASHEK, a British Subject, of 9, West Heath Avenue, London, N W 1 l, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to cigarette cases. According to the present invention, there is provided a cigarette case having a cigarette holding element provided with pockets for holding cigarettes individually, wherein the cigarette holding element is formed from a single piece of sheet metal which is fluted and folded to form the cigarette containing pockets and is provided with integral hinge loops, these hinge loops and hinge loops on the case and its cover being connected by a hinge pin. According to a further feature the cigarette case of this invention may be combined with a powder compact secured back to back therewith This combination may include a lipstick holder passing through the adjoining wall of the compact casing and secured within the latter Such lipstick holder may be in the form of a spring clip bent to circular form with an integral radial lug or lugs. Moreover the lug or lugs thereon may pass through securing loops formed in the bottom of the compact casing, such loops being squeezed on to the lug or lugs to retain the same These loops may be formed by stamping up out of the material of said bottom Alternatively, instead

of the loops being squeezed on to the lugs to retain the lipstick holder in position, the loops may be spot welded to the lugs. The powder container may be in the form of a shallow tray having a peripheral flange provided with a depending skirt, the space between the skirt and the wall of the tray being wide enough to accommodate the lugs and loops for securing the lipstick holder to the compact. According to yet another feature of the in734-, 633 vention, in this combination the powder compact preferably comprises a casing part having a lid hinged thereto and a powder container secured within such casing part 50 and the powder container has one edge chamfered or bevelled to fit under the hinge of such lid whilst the edge opposite thereto is formed with nicks or recesses to engage correspondingly positioned pips or projec 55 tions respectively on the inside of the corresponding wall of the casing part to be held in place thereby. In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect one 60 embodiment thereof is hereinafter more fully described by way of example with reference to the drawings accompanying the provisional specification and in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective view of a com 65 bined powder compact and cigarette case showing the powder compact with its lid open, Figure 2 is a perspective view of the device shown in Figure 1, showing the cigarette case 70 with its cover open, Figure 3 is a plan of the part of the device comprising the compact casing part and the casing part of the cigarette case secured together back to back, with the compact casing 75 part uppermost, Figure 4 is a side elevation of the part shown in Figure 3 being a view looking down on that figure, Figure 5 is an underneath plan of the part 80 shown in Figure 3, showing the casing part of the cigarette case uppermost, Figure 6 is an end view of the Dart shown in Figure 3, being a view looking on the righthand side of that figure, 85 Figure 7 is a fragmentary perspective view on an enlarged scale illustrating a manner of attachment of the lipstick holder to the compact, Figure 8 is a plan of the compact casing 90 part with its lid removed and showing the powder container in position, the lid of the 2 784,633 latter being removed to expose the interior of the container, Figure 9 is a view in section on an enlarged scale taken on the line IX-IX in Figure 8, Figure 10 is a view in section on the line X-X in Figure 8, Figure 11 is a perspective view 'showing the manner in which the powder container is inserted in the casing part of the compact, Figure 12 is a plan view showing the cigarette case open, Figure 13 is a section on the line XIIIXIII in Figure 12, Figure 14 is a plan view of the cigarette holder element (as seen from the left of Fig. 13) and Figure 15 is a section on the line XV-XV in Figure 14. Referring now to the said drawings, and in particular to Figure 1 and

2 thereof, wherein is illustrated a device comprising a powder compact combined with a cigarette case, the casing part 1 of the compact and the casing part 2 of the cigarette case being attached together back to back by means of rivets indicated at 3 in Figures 3 and 5. The lid 4 of the compact is attached to the casing part 1 of the latter by means of a hinge, generally indicated at 5 in Figure 1, and carries a mirror which is secured therein in a conventional manner by means of a bezel 7. Within the casing part 1 of the compact is mounted a powder container 8 having a cover 9 attached thereto by a hinge 10 and provided with a sliding catch 11 conveniently of the form described in British Patent Specification No 616,111. Attached to the casing part 1 of the powder compact is a lipstick holder 12 in the form of a spring clip made of sheet metal bent to circular form a's shown in Figures 1, 2 and 6. In order to secure the lipstick holder 12 to the compact casing part 1 the lipstick holder 12 is provided with a number of radial lugs 13 (three in the example shown) which pass through corresponding slots 14 formed in the base of one wall la of the casing part 1 and under loops 15 stamped up out of the bottom 0 of the casing part 1 as diagrammatically shown in Figures 3, 7, 8 and 9, the loops 15 being squeezed down to the lugs 13 to secure them Alternatively the loops 15 may be spot welded to the lugs 13 Also stamped up S out of the bottom of the casing part 1 are two loops 16 through which pass the shanks 17 of hooks 18 (Figure 3) to which is attached a chain (not shown) for carrying the device in the hand, the loops 16 being squeezed on to the shanks 17 to secure them. In order to enable the powder container 8 to be inserted in the casing part 1, the powder container is formed W 7 trith one edge 19 chamfered or bevelled so that it can be passed under the hinge elements 5 a on the compact casing part 1, this edge 19 of the container 8 being held in place by the hinge elements a which overlap it. The container 8 has a shallow tray or well portion 22 surrounded by a peripheral flange 70 portion 23 having an external depending skirt 24 which fits closely within the walls of the casing part 1. Figure 11 shows the manner of inserting the powder container 8 Before inserting the 75 powder container 8 the lid portion 4 is attached to the casing portion 1 of the compact by means of the hinge 5, and then the powder container 8, held in the inclined position as shown in Figure 11, is inserted with its edge 80 19 under the hinge elements 5 a, after which it is swung down about the edge 19 until the portion 24 a of the skirt portion 24 passes down inside the front wall lb of the casing part 1 To secure the container 8, the part IS 24 a is provided with nicks or depressions 20 which engage with inwardly directed pips

or projections 21 formed on the front wall lb of the casing part 1, these pips or projection's snapping into the depressions 20 as the con 90 tainer 8 is swung down into place Alternatively the pips may be on the skirt portion 24 a and the depressions on the wall lb. The space between the tray portion 22 and the depending skirt 24 is wide enough to ac 95 commodate the lugs 13 and their securing loops 15 as can be seen from Figure 8 In order to secure the lid 4 of the compact a spring catch is provided which comprises a leaf spring 25 carrying a catch element 26 100 and having a thumb piece 27 projecting through a slot in the front wall lb of the casing portion 1, the ends of the spring element 25 bearing against the face of the tray portion 22 of the powder container 8 105 The catch element 26 engages with a correspondingly shaped recess in the lid 4 formed by pressing out the metal thereof as indicated at 28 in Figure 1. In order to accommodate the catch ele 110 ment 26 the peripheral flange 23 of the powder container 8 is cut away at 29, and in order to accommodate the part of the thumb piece 27 which is located inside the powder container 1 the portion 24 a of the skirt 24 is 115 cut away as indicated at 30. The cigarette case portion of the device comprises the casing part 2 and the lid 31 which are connected together by a hinge including hinge elements 32 formed integrally 120 with the lid 31 and hinge elements 33 formed integrally with the casing portion 2 as diagrammatically shown in Figure 12. Mounted in the cigarette case is a cigarette holding unit 34 which is formed with hinge 125 loops 35 by means of which it is pivotally attached to the cigarette case and lid by a single hinge pin 36 passing through all the hinge elements 32, 33, and 35, which are disposed in end-to-end alignment as shown in 130 784,633 secured back to back therewith 40

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* GB784634 (A)

Description: GB784634 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to self-supporting containers of carbon orgraphite


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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Seif-suppofting Containers of Carbon or Graphite We, ELLA KATHE CONRAnTY, PETER CONRADTY, MONICA CONRADTY, and CLAUDIO CONRADrY, all German Citizens, personally responsible partners of the Firm C. CON- RATTY, of 9, Spittlertorgraben, Nurnberg, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to self-supporting containers of carbon or graphite. It is known to line tanks or vessels used for chemical purposes which are made of iron, steel,' concrete and similar materials, with carbon or graphite bricks or slabs because in respect of chemical resistance to many aggressive agents and in respect of resistance to temperature changes and their mal conductivity these carbon or graphite linings are far superior to linings of fireclay or other ceramic materials hitherto used, and in some cases, for example, when using solutions containing fluoric acid, are absolutely indispensable.

Although with tanks or vessels lined with carbon or graphite the supply or removal of heat is considerably more favourable, in consequence of the considerably better their mal conductivity of carbon or graphite as compared with ceramic materials, this excellent property or carbon and graphite is not fully utilised, because between the metal wall and the carbon or graphite lining there must generally be inserted a layer having poor thermal conductivity and consisting of fireclay, synthetic plastic, rubber, and so on, in order to compensate for the different co-efficients of thermal expansion of the tanks or vessels and lining materials. The present invention aims at overcoming the foregoing disadvantages and at utilising the high thermal conductivity of carbon or graphite for the supply and removal of heat by providing a container comprising a base portion and a wall portion each of which is built up from a plurality of plates of carbon or graphite the plates forming the wall portion being arranged to provide wall sections extending longitudinally of the container the opposing ends of adjacent sections being shouldered so that they internest with one another and provide a surrounding groove at the junction between sections for a sealing cement, the plates forming the base portion being tongued and grooved so as to engage firmly with one another and being secured to the wall portion by a cemented joint. The present invention also consists in a tank or vessel of metal, concrete or other material having a self supporting inner container of carbon or graphite as hereinbefore described, spaced apart from the inner walls thereof. Preferably, the inner container is spaced apart from the tank or vessel by a frame or cage which also serves as a means for the ready installation, removal and transportation of the carbon or graphite inner container and which may at the same time serve to guide a heating or cooling fluid in the interspace between the tank or vessel and the inner container. An installation according to the invention undoubtedly has far higher efficiency than hitherto known installations. In addition, it eliminates the difficulties which always arise when two substances having different coefficients of expansion are joined together mechanically rigidly. Moreover, such a construction has the added advantage of easy inspection of the tightness of the carbon or graphite parts from both sides and a greater ease of repair when leakage is found (chiselling out the leaky part and cementing it together). In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate diagrammatically and by way of example, two embodiments of carbon or

graphite container in accordance therewith, and in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through one embodiment of container; Fig. 2 is a half plan view of the container of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a second embodiment; and Fig. 4 is a corresponding half plan view thereof. In said drawings, like parts are denoted by like reference characters. Moreover, in the drawings only the carbon or graphite container is shown which is adapted to be inserted with clearance into a tank or vessel of metal, concrete or other material. The container is built up from a plurality of suitably shaped carbon or graphite plates a cemented together at their horizontal joints by means of angle or stepped joints b so that the smallest possible joint inside the container is produced. The angle joints are at the same time so dimensioned that adjacent plates do not make contact with one another on the outside of the container. The resulting gap is filled with a cement mass c. At the horizontal joints, moreover, a hard rubber or the like resilient band d is provided around the outside of the container, this band being so elastic that it takes the small alterations in volume of the carbon or graphite container when the temperature changes and in addition contributes towards stabilisation of the container. As will be seen from Fig. 2, the base plates are ranged in a circle around a core piece e, to which they are also cemented, and by means of tongues and grooves engage firmly in one another at their joints. It will thus be seen that the container is completely self supporting and can be inserted into a tank or vessel (not shown) with ease. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the carbon or graphite plates a are grooved at their horizontal joints to receive a retaining and stabilising ring f, which, like the plates themselves, is composed of graphite or carbon. Here again the plates do not make contact on the outside of the container. The free space is again filled with a cement mass c. Similarly, in this embodiment the hard rubber bands d may be placed around the various joints in order to improve stabilisation. What we claim is: - 1. A container comprising a base portion and a wall portion each of which is built up from a plurality of plates of carbon or graphite the plates forming the wall portion being arranged to provide wall sections extendmg longitudinally of the container the opposmg ends of adjacent sections being snouldered so that they internest with one another and provide a surrounding groove at the junction between sections for a sealing cement, the plates forming the base portion being tongued and grooved so as to engage firmly with one another and being secured to the wall portion by a cemented loint.

2. Container as claimed in Claim 1, wherein a groove is provided in the opposing end faces of adjacent sections for the accommodation of a holding or stabilising ring. 3. Container as claimed in either of the preceding claims, wherein the external horizonral joints are covered or embraced by a band of hard rubber or the like resilient material which is so elastic that it takes up small variations in volume of the carbon or graphite structure when changes of temperature occur, same band also contributing to the stabilisation of the structure. 4. A tank or vessel of metal, concrete or other material having a self-supporting inner container of carbon or graphite as claimed in any one of the preceding claims spaced apart from the inner walls thereof. 5. A tank or vessel as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the inner container is spaced apart froin the tank or vessel by a frame or cage which also serves as a means for ready installation, removal and transportation of the carbon or graphite inner container and which may at the same time serve to guide a heating or cooling fluid in the interspace between the tank or vessel and the inner container. 6. The self-supporting containers of carbon or graphite constructed and arranged substantially as herein described and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

* GB784635 (A)

Description: GB784635 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Chromium-containing monoazo dyestuffs

Description of GB784635 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip



A l,: 6: or 1 a ''{ 'I PATENT SPECIFICATION I>c X;l bai 1 784635 7849635 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 13, 1954. No 10900/54. Application made in Germany on April 25, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 4), P 1 (A 2 A 2: A 2 B 2 B: A 3: A 4 B: Fl: F 5), P 8 (A 1 B: BI: Cl: C 2). International Classification:-C 09 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION NO 784, 635 The inventors of this invention in the sense of being the actual devisers thereof within the meaning of Section i P of the Patents Act, 1949 are Kurt Erei, of H Ialinenweg 1, Koln-Staaerhelm, Germarny, Eugen Glletenberg, of Christian-Hess-Strasse 69, Leverkutsen-Bayerwerk, Oerana, and Ludwig;ussler, of Kaslnopark 3, Leverlkusen-Bayerwerlk, Germany, all of German nationality. T.E PAT Ei T OFFICE, i 1st h;ovember, 1957 iR r n\P wherein A stands for a coupling component coupled in o-position to a hydroxy group, R and R 1 stand for alkyl, substituted alkyl, or hydrogen, and R 2 stands for alkyl, preferably methyl. The new chromium containing monoazo dyestuffs free from sulphonic acid groups can be obtained by coupling diazotized 1amino 2-hydroxybenzene-sulphonamides of the formula: OH h NNH/ S Oz 2 N-C-HZ CHZ SOZ N wherein R, R, and R 2 have the same meaning as above, with a coupling component coupling in o-position in a hydroxy group and free from sulphonic acid groups Suitable coupling lPrice 3 s 6 d l DB 00066/1 ( 3)/3593 100 101/57 R exemplified by the 5-sulphomethylaminoethane sulphonamide and sulphomethylamide. The following Examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the invention. EXAMPLE 1. 11.2 Grams of 1-amino-2-hydroxybenzene5-sulphomethylamino ethane sulphonamide are dissolved in 150 mnil of water and 10 ml of hydrochloric acid and diazotized with a per cent sodium nitrite solution at 0 5 C After a short time the diazonium compound precipitates as a crystalline yellow deposit The acid suspension of it is rendered weakly acid by adding sodium bicarbonate and then slowly poured into a solution of 8 grams of 1-acetylamino 7-hydroxynaphthalene, 1 6 grams of solid sodium hydroxide, 4 grams of sodium carbonate and 150 ml of water, cooled with ice After stirring for one hour coupling is finished; the dark blue dyestuff solution

shows a p H-value of 9 4 After stirring overnight at room temperature the solution is adjusted to p H 8 by adding some dilute hydrochloric acid, whereby the dyestuff precipitates The dyestuff paste obtained after filtering is heated with 90 ml of water and 10 ml of caustic soda solution ( 36 Be) to 75-80 C, whereby the dyestuff dissolves. PATENT SPECIFICATION 784635 $ o Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 13, 1954. No 10900154. Application made in Germany on April 25, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 4), PI(A 2 A 2: A 2 B 2 B: A 3: A 4 B: Fl: F 5), P 8 (A 1 B: Bi: Cl: C 2). International Classification:-C 09 b COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Chromium-Containing Monoazo Dyestuffs We, FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER ARTIENGESELLSCHAFT, a body corporate organised under the laws of Germany, of Leverkusen, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention comprises new chromium-containing monoazo dyestuffs and a process of making the same; more particularly it comprises chromium complex compounds of monoazo dyestuffs free from sulphonic acid groups and corresponding to the general formula: OH N=N-A 502 N -C 2 C Hr SO N wherein A stands for a coupling component coupled in o-position to a hydroxy group, R and R 1 stand for alkyl, substituted alkyl, or hydrogen, and R 2 stands for alkyl, preferably methyl. The new chromium containing monoazo dyestuffs free from sulphonic acid groups can be obtained by coupling diazotized 1amino 2-hydroxybenzene-sulphonamides of the formula: OH iI Fi N Hq z N-CH C Hz-SO N wherein R, R 1 and R 2 have the same meaning as above, with a coupling component coupling in o-position in a hydroxy group and free from sulphonic acid groups Suitable coupling lPrice 3 s 6 d l compounds are e g 1 phenyl -3 methyl-5pyrazolone, 1-( 3 '-nitro-phenyl)-3-methyl 5pyrazolone, 1-( 41-nitrophenyl) 3-methyl-5pyrazolone, 1-( 21-chlorophenyl)-3-methy I-5pyrazolone, 1 ( 21,5 '-dichlorophenyl) 3methyl-5-pyrazolone, 2-hydroxy-naphthalene, 6-bromo 2 hydroxynaphthalene, 1-acetylamino 7-hydroxy naphthalene, 3-hydroxydiphenylene oxide and 2-hydroxycarbazole. The 1-amino-2-hydroxybenzene sulphoalkylamino ethane sulphonamides used as diazo components are obtainable by condensing 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene sulphochlorides with an alkyl taurine, converting the condensation products into the sulphochloride and then

into the sulphonanmide, and finally hydrolysing the chlorine and reducing the nitro group to the amino group They are exemplified by the 5-sulphomethylaminoethane sulphonamide and sulphomethylamide. The following Examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the invention. EXAMPLE 1. 11.2 Grams of 1-amino-2-hydroxybenzene5-sulphomethylamino ethane sulphonamide are dissolved in 150 ml of water and 10 ml of hydrochloric acid and diazotized with a per cent sodium nitrite solution at 0-5 o C After a short time the diazonium compound precipitates as a crystalline yellow deposit The acid suspension of it is rendered weakly acid by adding sodium bicarbonate and then slowly poured into a solution of 8 grams of 1-acetylamino 7-hydroxynaphthalene, 1 6 grams of solid sodium hydroxide, 4 grams of sodium carbonate and 150 ml of water, cooled with ice After stirring for one hour coupling is finished; the dark blue dyestuff solution shows a p H-value of 9 4 After stirring overnight at room temperature the solution is adjusted to p H 8 by adding some dilute hydrochloric acid, whereby the dyestuff precipitates The dyestuff paste obtained after filtering is heated with 90 ml of water and 10 ml of caustic soda solution ( 36 Be) to 75-80 C, whereby the dyestuff dissolves. At this temperature 125 ml of a chroming solution containing 42 6 grams of potassium bichromate and 78 grams of glucose per litre is run in Thereafter the solution is stirred for 20 minutes at 80 C After cooling the dyestuff solution to 40 C it-is adjusted to p H 8.5 by adding some diluted hydrochloric acid, whereby the chromed dyestuff precipitates. The black powder thus obtained is the chromium complex of the monoazo dyestuff of the formula: OH HO O N = N o CH 3 COH Nr: SO 21 N-CH 2 CH SOZNH 2 CH 3 which dissolves well in hot water and dyes wool from neutral as well as weakly acid bath black-blue shades of good fastness to washing and very good fastness to light. EXAMPLE 2. 11.2 Grams of l-amino-2-hydroxybenzene5-sulphomethylamino ethane sulphonamide are diazotized as described in Example 1 The suspension of the diazo compounds, neutralized with sodium bicarbonate, is allowed to slowly run into a solution of 6 95 grams of 1phenyl-3-methyl-5 pyrazolone, 1 6 grams of solid sodium hydroxide, 4 grams of sodium carbonate and 200 ml of water, cooled with ice. The coupling mixture is stirred overnight at p H 8 The dyestuff precipitates without addition of sodium chloride; after filtering 150 ml of a solution of ammonium chrome-salicylate (corresponding to 1 52 grams of Cr OA) is added and the mixture is heated at the boil for 2

hours To the hot solution 12 per cent of sodium chloride are added On cooling the chromed dyestuff precipitates It is the chromium complex of the monoazo dyestuff of the formula: Q OH N -N.N-C o-CH 3 SON-CH C 1 -S Oa N z CH 3 and dyes wool from neutral as well as weakly acid bath reddish orange shades of very good fastness to light as well as of good levelling power and good fastness to washing. EXAMPLE 3. 11.2 Grams of 1-amino-2-hydroxybenzene5-sulphomethylamino ethane sulphonamide are diazotized as described in Example 1 and coupled with a solution of 7 3 grams of 3hydroxy-diphenyleneoxide, 1 6 grams of solid sodium hydroxide and 4 grams of sodium carbonate in 200 ml of water After stirring overnight the solution is adjusted to p H 9 by adding some diluted hydrochloric acid, and the precipitated dyestuff is filtered by suction. The chromed dyestuff obtained according to one of the methods described in the foregoing examples represents a dark brown powder which dissolves in hot water with a brown colour and dyes wool from neutral or weakly acid bath somewhat violetish brown shades of very good fastness to light and washing. The dyestuff is the chromium complex of the monoazo dyestuff of the formula: NO OH 507 N -CH 2 C He-SO 2 N Hz CH 3 EXAMPLE 4. 11.7 Grams of l-amino-2-hydroxybenzene5-sulphomethylamino -ethane sulphomethylamide are diazotized as described in the preceding Examples By coupling with a solution of 8 grams of 1-acetylamino-7-hydroxynaphthalene, 1 6 grams of solid sodium hydroxide, 4 grams of sodium carbonate in ml of water a dyestuff is obtained which, after chroming, represents a black powder. It dyes wool from weakly acid bath black shades of very good fastness to light and washing The dyestuff is the chromium complex of the monoazo dyestuff of the formula: Dyestuffs of very similar properties are obtained, if in the above Examples in the diazo components used one or both hydrogen atoms of the terminal amide group are:eplaced by methyl, ethyl or hydroxyethyl, i e. if instead of 1-amino-2-hydroxybenzene-5sulphomethylamino-ethane sulphonamide the corresponding sulphomethylamide, sulphodimethylamide, sulphoethylamide, sulphodiethylamide, sulpho /3 hydroxyethylamide, sulpho di p hydroxyethylamide, sulphomethyl-ethylamide, sulphomethyl-/-hydroxy784,635 Y represents an unsubstituted sulphonic acid amide group at most one of the symbols X and Z represent H. Specification Serial No 758,016 claims, inter alia, a process of making chromiferous dyestuffs which consists in mixing a dyestuff containing at least one group which can be chromed, with a chromate

and a reducing carbohydrate in an alkaline medium.


* GB784636 (A)

Description: GB784636 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements relating to electrical equipment for signalling between railwaytracks and moving railway vehicles


PATENT SPECIFICATION 784,636 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 16, 1954. Application made in Italy on June 18, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 105, A 14 P 3. I nternational Classification =-B 61 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements relating to Electrical Equipment for Signalling between Railway Tracks and Moving Railway Vehicles I, ANTONIO COSTANTINI, an Italian National, of 12, Via Montevecchio, Torino, Italy, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to electrical equipment for signalling between railway tracks and moving railway vehicles. An object of the invention is to provide electrical equipment for the purpose stated such that signals detected on apparatus carried by the vehicle operate visible or audible warning devices or carry out directly a positive operation, as for instance braking or stopping a vehicle.

A further object of the invention is to provide such equipment which allows the use on the track of a body which is intrinsically inert and which therefore is not subject to deterioration or to undesired changes of operating characteristics. According to the present invention there is provided electrical equipment for the purpose stated including a mobile resonant component such as a dipole to be carried by the vehicle and arranged to be excited to electromagndtic radiation by a high-frequency oscillator, a fixed resonant component in the form of a normally unenergised conductor to be located on the track, which conductor is resonant at the frequency of excitation of the mobile component and is such as to produce a disturbance in said oscillator when electromagnetically coupled to the mobile component in close proximity thereto, and response means for deriving from such disturbance at least one desired signal or for causing such disturbance to effect some other operation. Also according to the invention there is provided equipment as set forth in the preceding paragraph modified in that said fixed component is made up of two or more mutulPrice 3/6 ally insulated conductive sections such that when these sections are electrically connected or not connected together this component is rendered resonantly operative or non-operative, as the case may be, at said 50 frequency of excitation, there being provided means for electrically connecting said sections together at will. Said mobile resonant component may be a dipole aligned in the direction of move 56 ment of the train. Said response means may include a rectifier coupled to said oscillator and adapted to detect said disturbance, and an amplifier for amplifying the output of the detector, the 60 output of the amplifier being applied to provide said signal or effect said operation. In one embodiment of the invention, par ticularly in relation to the operation of a delayed warning signal or cautionary alarm 65 and of an immediate signal or prompt alarm, with special reference to railway signalling when trains are in motion, there may be a signalling apparatus which is capable of functioning firstly in consequence of a dis 70 turbance originated by a first fixed resonant component which effects the cautionary alarm and pre-sets a second signalling apparatus or operating apparatus of a prescribed type, and said second apparatus so pre-set 7 s will operate in consequence of a disturbance originated by a second fixed resonant component which, for instance will operate if and when a prompt alarm must be transmitted, or for accomplishing a desired operation 80 In one preferred form of such embodiment, a signalling apparatus or each signalling apparatus consists of at least one relay which is temporarily energised by the discharge of a condenser when an appropriate 85 gas-filled electronic

valve (such as a thyratron), suitably polarised, allows the discharge of said condenser, as the grid of the said valve is affected by the disturbance due to the electromagnetic coupling between the 90 No 17637/54. 784,636 fixed component with the mobile component on passing each other This relay effects in its turn the closing of the circuit of a second relay which effects the desired operations appropriate to the signal, and also pre-sets the equipment for a subsequent operation by another signal, to give a further signal or effect a further operation. The invention will be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying generally diagrammatic drawings, which illustrate the application of the invention to railway signalling, and in which:Fig 1 is a block diagram showing the principle on which the invention is based; Fig 2 is a schematic circuit diagram; Figs 3 and 4 are a perspective view and a schematic front view respectively of a railway vehicle on which the mobile resonant component of the equipment is mounted, in the position in which the said component co-operates with a fixed resonant component; Fig 5 is a perspective view of the casing of the equipment, with the mobile resonant component in the form of a dipole which can be rendered resonantly operative or nonoperative as shown in Fig 6; and Fig 7 shows one example of a circuit for energising the mobile resonant component. According to Fig 1, the equipment consists of an electrical source of supply 1, of direct current, connected to a convertor 2 for providing a source of supply of direct current at high, tension 3 indicates a very high frequency oscillation generator applied to excite to electromagnetic radiation a mobile resonant component in the form of a dipole 4 which in the example is formed by a metallic bar which can be constructed in a tubular form or in any other suitable form and of pre-arranged dimensions The frequency range contemplated is from 2 to 300 megacycles per second, with a preferred frequency of 200 megacycles Around dipole 4 there is obtained a field of very high frequency oscillation capable of affecting a very high frequency oscillation detector 5, the output of such detector being applied to response means in the form of an amplifier and signal device control apparatus 6 adapted to operaate successively cautionary and immediate warning apparatus 7 and 8 respectively An. apparatus 9 connected to the output of detector 5 may form a supervisory apparatus of said detector, controlling a supervisory indicator 10. In the example, the signalling apparatus 1-10 hereinbefore described is mounted on a vehicle such as a railway locomotive 11 (Fig 3) in such a manner that the mobile resonant component or dipole 4 projects

from the locomotive within the clearance line presented for the rolling stock and aligned with the direction of movement The equipment can be installed, for example, in a casing 12, whilst the dipole 4 is held by a body 13 of insulating material which may if desired cover the whole of the dipole, whilst a panel situated in the cabin could accommodate all the signals and operational 70 controls. A fixed resonant component in the form of another dipole is indicated at 15 This is conveniently installed along the line outside of the clearance line presented for the rol 75 ling stock and is disposed so as to be electromagnetically coupled with the dipole 4 during the passage of the railway train, so that it gives rise in the generated field around the dipole 4 to a disturbance causing an increase 80 in the load on the generator which is detected by the detector 5, and this load disturbance is amplified and applied to the apparatus 6 for controlling the signal devices. Such disturbance is originated by the 85 dipole 15 only when its geometrical dimensions correspond to those of tihe energised member 4 and when the distance between said members is within certain limits. The equipment may furnish many different 90 signals which may be translated into corresponding actions (e g, reduction of speed, stopping of engines and applying of brakes). There may be disposed along the path of movement several unenergised members each 95 adapted to give a different signal In general the first such member gives a preliminary or cautionary signal, whilst the succeeding members operate the necessary control devices 100 When the fixed resonant component is always to affect the field of a passing energised component, this component is a single metallic body If, however, a signal, especially a prompt alarm, is to be effected only in 105 certain specific cases, then component 15 can be constructed (see Fig 6) of two mutually insulated sections or separate metallic rods 15 a and 15 b, which can be electrically connected together by means of the contact 110 of a relay 16 which is remotely controlled. viz, independently of the control of the other unenergised components along the line In this manner if the relay contact between the two rods 15 a and 15 b is not closed then this 115 component is resonantly non-operative and so does not give rise to any disturbance in the apparatus installed on the train, whilst, if said relay contact is closed then this component assumes dimensions equal to those 120 of the energised component, and hence becomes resonantly operative to give rise to a disturbance sufficient to provide a signal. In accordance with the circuit diagram (Fig 2), the circuit comprises an oscillator of 125 a very high frequency, energised by the direct current mains 17 and provided with two triodes 18, 19 in push-pull The high frequency current from the oscillator is directed to the centre

of the resonant active component 4 130 ponent 15 a, 15 b which will function to provide a signal only in certain conditions, as described above with reference to Fig 6the same operations which were carried out at the time of the first firing will be repeated 70 on the second apparatus, namely, the condenser 39 which has previously been charged via resistance 30 is now discharged through the tube 26 This discharge actuates a relay 40 which closes a contact 41 and also 75 completes the circuit for relay 42 Of the contacts 43, 44, 45 of the latter relay 42, the contact 43 closes the hold-on circuit of the relay 42, contact 44 interrupts the discharge of the condenser 39, and contact 45 closes 80 the control circuit for the signal indicator 46, e g, corresponding to the means 8, Fig 1. Apart from signal indicator 46, the contact may also actuate a suitable operating apparatus, e g, may control, after a suitable 85 delay, the application of the brakes of the train. In order to re-set the complete train apparatus in the condition for repeating the operating cycle previously described, it is 90 necessary only to break the supply circuit momentarily by opening the re-setting switch 27, and this will release all relays and will set the apparatus ready for functioning once again 95The object of the detector supervisory signal device 9 is to indicate any functioning failure of the apparatus due to the failure of the voltage on cable 24 to which said signal device is connected; such voltage 100 failure can be caused by a breakdown of the oscillator 3 or of the detector 5. In such conditions, the condenser 55, inserted between the feed line 49 and the thyratron cathode 57, through a high-value 105 resistor 56 causes the thyratron 48 to be fired intermittently and the relay 50, connected in series with the thyratron anode 58, intermittently operates the supervising indicator 51, which may be an optical or an 110 acoustic indicator 59 is a prfotection resistor in the connection from the cathode of the thyratron to the positive high tension source, and 60 is a grid protection resistor The variable resistor 61 allows of a control of the 115 frequency of firing of the thyratron. In Fig 7 a practical realisation of the dipole 4 is shown, which is energised by a concentric conductor clement 20 a, 20 b of the anode and grid respectively of a thermi 120 onic generator and inductively coupled to a winding 20 c which is connected to the centre of the component 4. The device can also be used for giving occasional and temporary warnings, that is 125 by means of mobile unenergised components which can be placed in position at will for the object of signalling a warning that a gang of workmen is at work, of interruptions or of obstructions along the line, or for any 130 through a transformer 20. The mobile resonant component 4 is tightly coupled to the detector

circuit by a transformer coupling 21 This latter cicuit consists, as shown in the example, of a rectifier 22 preferably of the crystal type, a condenser 23 and suitable impedances through which high frequency current present in component 4 is rectified The rectified voltage supplied by the rectifier unit is fed by means of a conductor 24 to the amplifier and signal device control apparatus 6 The conductor 24 is connected to the control grid of a tetrode gas tube or thyratron 26 energised by the mains 17 via a re-setting switch 27 The thyratron 26 operates sequentially appropriate combinations for the various signalling or control relays The thyratron 26 is suitably biased by means of a variable resistance 28 which is adjusted so as to prevent the thyratron from being triggered from its rest condition until and when the grid voltage -supplied by the conductor 24 has reached the required normal value due to the excitation of the component 4 Triggering of the thyratron tube 26 is obtained when the grid voltage becomes less negative than a certain pre-arranged value, that is at the instant a rise in the rectified positive voltage is obtained from the detector This rise is due to the presence of the fixed resonant component 15 being electromagnetically coupled to the mobile resonant component 4. In such conditions the impedance value of the member 21 to which the crystal is coupled, becomes smaller and thus the current in said crystal rises and a disturbance is obtained on the grid of the thyratron 26 which then fires. At the instance of firing, a condenser 29, previously charged from the high tension line 17 via resistance 30, is discharged through the valve 26 and the discharge current passes through the winding of relay 31 which is inserted in the discharge circuit of said condenser 29 The operation of the relay 31 closes the contact 32 for a brief instant, and said contact closes the energising circuit of a second relay 33 so that the multiple contacts 34, 35, 36 of relay 33 carry out the operations set forth below. The contact 34 holds relay 33 operated; the change-over contact 35 interrupts the discharge of the condenser 29 through the thyratron 26 and transfers the latter on to a second apparatus similar to the elements 29, 31, 32, 34 and 35 and the contact 36 closes the control circuit for the warning signal or deferred alarm 37, i e, a lamp corresponding to the means 7 in Fig 1 The described warning device can be operated, for example, every time the train with the energised component passes an unenergised component. When the thyratron 26 is re-operated for the second time-e g, by a resonant com784,636 784,636 other use whatsoever. It is to be understood that the drawings which are shown in schematic diagram form are for explanatory purpose only and illustrate a

practical embodiment of the invention, and said embodiment could be modified without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, a plurality of energised cornmI O ponents may be operated in series or in parallel, and a single energised element can control more than one detector, and one detector can control more than one signal device, and can effect the motion of stoppage of a train by actuating remote control means.


* GB784637 (A)

Description: GB784637 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Process for the manufacture of glossy, matt or patterned surfaces on carrierwebs


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PATENT SPECIFICATION 784,637 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Aug 19, 1954. Application made in Germany on Aug 19, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. No 24200/54. Index at acceptance:-Classes 93, D( 1 C:2 C); 96, A 2, A 7 B( 1:9), B( 3 A:4 r 19)9 and 1405 E 1 (A,'H). International Classification:-E 41 m, D 21 f, g, h. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Process for the Manufacture of Glossy, Matt or Patterned Surfaces on Carrier Webs We, BUNTPAPIERFABRIK AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, a Body Corporate recognised under German law, of Aschaffenburg a Main, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to the production of glossy, matt or patterned surfaces on webs or sheets, especially paper. The hitherto known, so-called gelatin papers are made by first coating the paper twice with gelatin and pigment, superimposing another coat of pure gelatin, drying the paper, soaking it in a hardening bath and then flattening it out on a sheet of glass rubbed in known manner with a wax-andoil compound The paper then dries on the glass, and when it has dried the contraction of the gelatin coat detaches the paper automatically and without difficulty from the glass The surface of such a paper has a mirror gloss, being a replica of the smooth surface of the sheet of glass This process for the manufacture of gelatinised papers has been adapted to the production of highgloss photographic prints Fundamentally, the process is the same The wet, developed prints having a surface coating of gelatin are placed on sheets of glass or preferably on highly polished metal sheets and dried with the application of pressure and heat When dry, the prints come off the sheet in a highly glazed form, the glazed surface being also in this case a replica of the highly polished metal surface. This process has been further developed in the United States of America to the so-called Kromkote process according to which paper provided with a coat of paint is placed in the wet state on large, highly polished metal cylinders and then dried on them The paper so produced contains an additive which promotes the separation of the paper from the cylinder or, as is the case with gelatin paper, lPrice 3/6 l the cylinder is treated with a special compound promoting the separation These papers likewise have a high gloss being a replica of the surfaces from which they have 50 been pulled off.

However, gelatin papers have so far been manufactured in certain sizes only The same applies to high-gloss photographic papers. The great advantage offered by the Krom 55 kote process is the fact that it is now possible to manufacture high-gloss paper in reels However, its performance requires extensive plant as it involves the use of large, costly, highly polished cylinders provided 60 with heating means With the Kromkote process the drying temperature all over the cylinder surface must, in general, be practically uniform. It is an object of the present invention to 65 enable high-gloss papers of this kind to be made more economically and without the necessity of employing expensive, highly polished cylinders. The present invention provides a process 70 for the production of coated webs or sheets, especially paper, having glossy, matt, or patterned surfaces wherein the web or sheet provided with a coating, the major constituent of which is pigment, is brought into 75 contact in the wet state with a material having a glossy, matt, or patterned surface selected from the group of film-forming cellulosic derivatives and polymeric vinyl compounds repellent to the coating from which, 80 after drying, the web or sheet together with the coating can be pulled off without leaving any residual matter behind. The material may be in the form of foils, or else as synthetic coats applied with a high 85 gloss to bases of any desired kind, for example steel tape or metal tape or paper webs, by brushing The material in conjunction with an aqueous pigment enables the coated web containing coating compound 9 G to be pulled off the material without leaving any traces of the pigment conA Prce 4 S 6 d. 784,637 taining coating on the material As a result of an extensive series of experiments a variety of suitable materials have been found which, on the one hand, produce the desired high gloss, and on the other hand, satisfy the condition that the coated paper can be pulled off them or detache S itself fromin them without leaving any trace behind and assumes the mirror gloss of the material. The present invention has the following important advantages resulting from the discovery that certain materials detach themselves from the coated surfaces of the paper or other suitable bases without any special preparation The preparation of the glossy surface, such as has hitherto been necessary for the manufacture of gelatin paper, can now be dispensed with, as can the preparation of the cylinders as has been described for the Kromrnkote process: nor is the use of separating additives to the coating compound needed in the present case Furthermore, the surface makes it possible to control the drying processes within different temperature ranges, since it is used in the form of a long endless or cut belt It is thus possible, for example, to start of, with a slow rate of heating, then to pass the paper

through a hot zone and finally to conduct the paper thlroughl cooling zones before it is separated from the foil, which enables the overall drying process to be controlled at will, and this has hitherto not been possible with the known cylinder-glazing process At the same time, the drying time can be considerably extended because there is no difficulty in producing long belts, whereas increasing the cylinder surface in the known process would involve considerable cost Generally speaking the drying may be carried out under milder conditions and at lower temperatures than with the cylinder which necessarily limits the drying time; this reduces damage to the paper, the sheets flatten out more readily and there is less tendency of the paper to curl, etc. The invention is explained with reference to the accompanying drawings in vlwhich Figs. i and 2 show a schematic representation of the performance of the present process. A foil 3 of cellulose acetobutyrate passes bevtween two rollers 1, 2 (Fig el) arranged at an adjustable distance from each other to a drying channel 4 and thence returns over a guide roller 5 to the rollers 1, 2 Between these two rollers also passes the paper web 6 to be coated, said web being pulled off a magazine reel 7 and travelling over the deflectors 8 9 The aforesaid foil can be used as such, or it may be superposed on a carrier, such as a web of paper or a metal tape. In the areas where the foil and the paper make contact there is always an excess of coating compound 10 present This compound has a composition conventionally used by the paper-coating industry, being a mixture of inorganic pigments, preferably barium sulphate china clay satin white, titanium dioxide and similar products, bonded with casein, glue or synthetic resin dispersions, and admixed with hardening 70 agents It will be understood that instead of white coating compounds coloured compounds may be used The weight of the coat is determined by the distance between rollers I and 2 which is suitably adjusted by means 75 of micrometer screws M On passing through between the rollers 1, 2, the paper is squeezed dowvn on the foil with the aid of the coating compound, passes together with the foil belt through the drying channel 4 or 80 over a suspension drier, and there is dried in the desired manner After passing through the drying zone, and advantageously subsequently through a cooling zone, the coated paper canll be detached from the foil without 85 difficulty No residual matter remains behind on thie foil itself and, as shown in the drawingl, it can either be pulled continuously forward to the coating station or it may be reeled on a separate de;ice for future re-90 use. Fig 2 represents the end of the dry ing channel After having passed

the drving and cooling zones, the foil, together with the paper reaches a pair of conveyor rollers 1 1, 95 12 vwhere the coated web of paper can be detached from the foil without difficulty The foil is pulled off over the deflector rollers 13 and is returned over the guide roller 5 to the coating station (rollers 1, 2) whereas the 100 coated web of paper 14 is returned over the guide roller 15 to the storage reel 16 It will be understood that, alternatively the foil can be reeled on a second roller in case it is impossible to return it on the same machine 105 Compared with cylinders or polished surfaces or even with iliighly polished metal tapes, such as are k-nown from finlm casting miachines, thie new process has the further advantage that the surface used can be re 110 generated If, for example, the surface should becomine matt or dull owing to some wear or damage or other the material can be washed off the bare for example, a metal tape by means of a suitable solvent, and the 115 metal tape etc, caa then be coated or varnishled again with the suitable miaterial The simplicity and ine:pensiveness of the present process thus constitute one of its outstanding advantages 120 The suitable materials are those which can be so processed as to yield a sufficiently smooth and highly glossy surface Preferred materials are those which automatically produce such a smooth and highly glossy 125 surface by forming a film for example from a melt solution or dispersion As examples of such materials there may be mentioned cellulose derivatives such as cellulose ethers. for example, minethyl cellulose and benzyl 130 784,637 cellulose, and cellulose esters, for example, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetobutyrate, or cellulose nitrates, furthermore polymers, especially polymers of vinyl compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride and polyacrylates. For the technical performance of the process it is most advantageous to varnish or prepare metal tapes with the suitable materials and to use the tapes so treated for the coating operation, whereby the process can be conducted continuously The coating for the bases to be coated, for instance, consists of a pigment, such as clays, barium sulphate, satin white and titan dioxide or a mixture thereof dispersed in an aqueous solution of a binding agent for the pigments, such as casein, ammonia and waxes, if desired with the addition of a synthetic resin dispersion. Instead of the mentioned aqueous slurry of the pigment one may also use the above mentioned dry pigments dispersed in an organic solvent, such as ethyl acetate and benzene, which also contains a binding agent, such as a synthetic resin. Apart from paper, various other bases, such as textiles, plastics or all those which are customarily coated, can be coated according to the present process It has been observed that the process yielding a

replica of a surface can be applied also even if the surface as such does not possess a high gloss, but is semi-matt or matt; in such a case the surface of the coating is likewise semi-matt or matt, and even in such a case it is still possible to obtain a fully continuous and smooth surface of a quality such as can otherwise be produced on pagers only with high-grade calenders Thus, a printing surface of extreme perfection is obtain which can be either highly glossy, semi-glossy or semi-matt. Carrying these observations further, experiments have been conducted also with diestamped foils In this case a die-stamping effect, inverted, is produced on the coating, and the coated material can still be pulled off the surface with extreme ease In this manner advertising, ornamental or other effects can be produced in one and the same operation. It will be readily understood that compared with the various further improving methods hitherto performed on coated surfaces, more particularly current in the paper industry, the present process is a considerable advance of the art, since the calendering, glazing, brushing, graining, die-stamping and all the other processing operations can now be entirely dispensed with. The important feature in the performance of the present process is always that the coating composition to be used for coating paper or other materials must have no affinity for the material to be used in the process It has been observed that a tendency of the material to swell in the coating compound would likewise have unfavourable results. Experiments have also been conducted to ascertain whether it is possible to use nonaqueous coating compounds for coating 70 bases by the new process, and it has been observed that solvent-based coating compounds are likewise suitable, provided that there is no undesirable affinity between the material and the coating compound In this 75 connection it must be ensured, of course, that the solvent of the coating compound does not attack the belt A typical example is the application of varnishes containing acetylcellulose on webs or the use of coatings 80 bound with acetylcellulose lacquers; in such cases it has been found advantageous to use polyvinyl chloride belts After the coating operation the acetylcellulose-bound material can be removed from the polyvinyl chloride 85 belt without any difficulty

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