Present by:reza meshkani

Evolution from 1G to 4G system

1G Wireless System :Developed in 1980s and completed in early 1990’s

2G Wireless System :The 2G phase began in the 1990s and much of this technology is still in use.

3G Wireless System :It was developed in the late 1990s until present day,Japan is the first country having introduced 3G nationally

• Analog Communication1G

• Digital communication Introduced2G

• Features included like live tv, fast data transfer3G

• Mobile Broadband, Magic4G

Evolution From 1G to 4G

4G TECHNOLOGY

(Anytime ,Anywhere)4G technology refer to or short name of fourth Generation

which was started from late 2000s.

Capable of providing 100Mbps – 1Gbps speed.

One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC.

MAGIC:

Mobile Multimedia

Anytime Anywhere

Global Mobility Support

Integrated Wireless Solution

Customized Personal Services

Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere.

Faster and more reliable – 100 Mbps

Lower cost than previous generations.

Multi-standard wireless system

Bluetooh,wifi

Coverage of wide area.

Wide Variety of services capability.

IPv6 core

Potentially IEEE standards 802.11

Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.

MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA spread spectrum radio

technology.

For the customer

Video streaming , TV broadcast

Video calls , video clips- news , music , sports

Enhanced gaming , chat , location services…

For Business

High speed Tele-working / VPN access

Sales force automation

Video conferencing

Real-time financial information

Specifications 3G 4G

Frequency band 1.5- 2.8 GHz 2-8 GHz

Band width 5-20 MHz 100 MHz

Data transfer rate upto 2 Mb/sec 100 Mb/sec (or more)

Access wideband CDMA Multi-carrier-CDMA or

OFDM(TDMA)

FEC Turbo codes concatenated codes

Switching Circuit/ Packet Packet

Download and upload 5.8 Mb/sec 14 Mb/sec

Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid:Integration of

wireless LAN (WiFi,

Bluetooth) and wide area

IP A number of air link protocols,

including IP 5.0

All IP (IPv6)

Core Network Packet Network Internet

The equipment required to implement a next generation network is still very expensive.

Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make surethat expenses are kept realistic.

Battery uses is more

Hard to implement

Need complicated hardware

Expensive equipment required to implement next generation network.

Components of 4G

There are some components which makes the successful 4G systems they are:

a) OFDMA

b) MIMO

c) IPv6.0

d) Spectral efficiency of 4G

e) SDR(Software Defined Radio)

f) Smart antennas

Components (contd..)

OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access.

It captures entire energy

Only few signals are affected or lost in OFDM while compared toCDMA in 3G.

MIMO(Multi Input Multi Output):

improve the communication performance between sender andreceiver

range, quality of received signal and spectrum efficiency are high.

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)

Transmission technique based

on FDM

In FDM

Multiple signals are sent

out at the same time, but on

different frequencies

In OFDMA

A single transmitter

transmits on many different

orthogonal (independent)

frequencies (typically

dozens to thousands)

Frequencies closely spaced

Each only has room for

Narrowband signal13

Component (contd..)

IPv6.0:

Allows more address than IPv4.0

IPv6 each device have own IP address.

SDR(Software Defined Radio):

A SDR will allow increasing network capacity at specific time.

How ipv6 Works ?

• The IP address is based on IPv6.

• IPv4: X . X . X . X (32 bits)example: 216.37.129.9

• IPv6: 4 × IPv4 (128 bits)

• example:216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120

Home

Address

Care of

Address

Mobile IP

addressLocal network

address

Components(contd..)

Smart antenna

Switched Antenna: Based on the requirement of thesystem ,signal is received at any given time.

Adaptive Antenna: Steer the signal at any directionof interest ,nullify the interfering signal.

Components - Advanced Antenna Systems

Transmitting & receiving antennas

Resolve problem of diminishing spectrum availability

Doesn’t require increase power or additional frequency

Fix no. of beams that can be selected to follow devices as it moves about

Advantages:

Increased capacity

Increased range

Less power use for transmission

Reductions in handoff rate

New services

Increase security

What is needed to Build 4G Networks of

Future?

Lower Price Points Only Slightly Higher than

Alternatives

More Coordination Among Spectrum Regulators

Around the World

More Academic Research

Standardization of wireless networks

A Voice-independent Business Justification

Thinking

Integration Across Different Network Topologies

Non-disruptive or proper Implementation