Analytical Method for Asphalt Concrete Mix

Design

Presented by

PENKI RAMU

14011D2211                  

Analytical Method for Asphalt Concrete Mix Design by PENKI RAMU is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

CONTENTS

• Introduction• Literature Review• Methodology Adopted• Results• Conclusion• References

Introduction• 3000 metric ton/ day as a by-product• This leads to serious environmental pollution.• Porosity and Permeability of the top soil reduced.• Ground water level has gone down to deeper

levels. • The fine dust reduces the fertility of the soil by

increasing its alkalinity.• Contamination of ground water, drainage problem.

Introduction• The mix design involves three important steps

– selection of aggregates– aggregates gradation– proportion of aggregates.• Selection of aggregates: • qualities of a bituminous paving mixture are dependent• C.A-Stability(interlocking & frictional resistance of adjacent particles)

• fines or sand- stability failure function in filling the voids between C.A.

• Mineral filler is largely visualized as a void filling agent.

Introduction• Aggregates gradation:

– density and stability depends upon Aggregates gradation.– best gradation is one that produces maximum density.– Particle arrangement where smaller particles are packed

between larger particles– Thus reducing the void space between particles.– This creates more particle-to-particle contact so, increase

stability and reduce water interaction.– Minimum amount of void space is necessary to:– provide adequate volume for the binder to occupy– Provide resistance to frost action for base &sub base courses.

Introduction• Aggregate Blending:

– Trial and Error: Vary the proportion of materials until the required aggregate gradation is achieved.

– Graphical Methods: Triangular chart method and Roch's method.

• The former is used when only three materials are to be mixed.

Introduction• Analytical Method: System of equations are

developed based on the gradation of each aggregates, required gradation, and solved by numerical methods.

– With the advent of computer, this method is becoming popular and is discussed below.

– The resulting solution gives the proportion of each type of material required for the given aggregate gradation.

Introduction• Analytical Method by SOLVER

– the solver can handle problems that involve many variable cells and can help to find combinations of variables that maximize or minimize a target cell.

– İt also specifies one or more constraints-conditions that must be met for the solution to be valid

OBJECTIVES• Utilisation of ‘Granite Powder’ as filler in mix design.• To Develop a mathematical model for Aggregate Blending• To Develop a Mathematical model for Aggregate

gradation area estimation.• Marshall Stability parameters evaluated.• Evaluation of the filler type on the mastics rheological

properties, before and after ageing.• As the estimation measure of the change in the

rheological properties caused by the ageing process.

LITERATRURE REVIEW

• Marek Iwanski,Grzegorz Mazurek(2013)• SMA mixture contained 6.2% of 60/70 bitumen

and 4% SBS polymer.• Hydrated lime was dosed into SMA mixture to

replace 30% filler mass.• Bitumen samples were obtained from SMA

wearing course layer at the site of the rut and out of rut.

• On the basis of rheological properties the recovered bitumen with hydrated lime had a positive effect on reducing aging process.

LITERATRURE REVIEW• Ismat M. Easa Hassan (1987) • Simpson one-third formula used for unequal intervals. • A composite generalized Simpson formula for calculating

the area given any even number of intervals is then presented.

• An extended formula is developed for cases in which the number of intervals is odd.

• In this paper evaluated irregular boundary area computation by Simpsons 3/8 rule.

• The trapezoidal rule and Sampson’s rule are the most common methods for computation of the area of irregular boundary.

LITERATRURE REVIEWPriyansh Singh and Gurpreet Singh Walia(2014)• The aggregate blending can be performed through

trial and errors to more complex computation techniques.

• In the present scenario every contractor is interested in the cost effective aggregate blend. The old methods are acceptable for rough use or to provide initial solution.

• But in order to obtain a cost effective blend with satisfactory specification requirement one needs to accommodate more sizes of aggregates.

• These many constraint cannot be optimized with traditional method. Hence the more accurate and capable tools which can resolve these problems are reviewed in this paper.

METHODOLOGY• Selection of Materials• Physical Properties of Materials• Individual Gradation• Proportioning of Aggregate Blend by SOLVER.• Aggregate Gradation area by TRAPEZOIDAL Rule.• Specific Gravities of binder and aggregates.• Preparation of Marshall Specimens.

METHODOLOGY• Testing of Marshall Test Specimens.• Computation of Percent Air Voids in Compacted

Mix.• Computation of Percent Voids in Mineral

Aggregates filled by Binder.• Selection of Optimum Binder Content.• Evaluating the Rheological properties by Empirical

Formulas by TFOT.

METHODOLOGY• Aggregate Gradation Area by Trapezoidal Rule:• Fullers Equation.

• p = 100* (d/D) n

Where, • p is the percent by weight of the total

mixture passing any given sieve sized.• D is the size of the largest particle in that

mixture.• n is the parameter depending on the shape

of the aggregate (0.5 for perfectly rounded particles).

METHODOLOGY• Rheological Properties:1. The retained penetration was calculated using

equation • RP% = (Aged Penetration value/Unaged

Penetration value)*1002. The increment in softening point was calculated using

equation• ISP=Aged softening point value - Unaged

softening point value3. Penetration Index (PI) was calculated using equation• PI = (20.TRB+500*logP-1952)/(TRB-50.logP+120)

RESULTS1. Proportion of Aggregates by Excel Solver

• X1=0.125178• X2=0.223287• X3=0.19685

• X4=0.434381• X5=0.020305

RESULTS2. Aggregate Gradation Area Calculation

RESULTS2. Marshall Test Results

RESULTS3. The retained penetration was calculated using

equation– RP% For GP = (62/65)*100 = 95.38– RP% For Stone Dust = (63/65)*100= 96.92

4. The increment in softening point– ISP for GP = 57.5-48.1 = 9.4– ISP for Stone Dust = 57-48.1 = 8.9

RESULTS5. Penetration Index (PI) was calculated using

equation– PI for GP = (20*57.5+500*log62-1952)/( 57.5-

50*log62+120) = 0.6192211993.

– PI for Stone Dust = (20*57+500log63-1952)/(57-50log63+120)

= 0.5731332336.

CONCLUSIONS• Reducing Environment Pollution

– land pollution– water logging problems– fertility power– ground water contamination

• Excel Solver (Linear Optimization) can be applied in the field – to quickly and accurately assess the proper aggregate

proportioning.

CONCLUSIONS• The area between the maximum density line and job mix

formula curve by using Trapezoidal Rule.

– which area is more that area is having more air voids at

different binder contents.

– By using the model a lot of time is saved as it indicates the

occurrence of air voids based upon the area obtained.

CONCLUSIONS• The addition of granite dust to asphalt concrete

can produce properties comparable to the conventional asphalt concrete mixes with stone dust as filler.

• These fillers can be used up to 8 % in asphalt concrete mixes.

• But it is suggested to use them in the range of 2 to 5.5 % initially to observe their performance in field.

CONCLUSIONS• The addition of the Granite Powder to the binder

– decrease the penetration value – increase the softening point – increase the Penetration Index.

• The PI value of the bitumen increases as more Granite Powder is added to the bitumen.– increased in stiffness (hardness) – improve the temperature Susceptability

CONCLUSIONS• Based on PI value,

– higher PI are more resistant to •low temperature cracking •permanent deformation (cracking).

• The Granite Powder has influenced on the aging process of the bitumen samples.

•ensured a greater rut resistance •resistance to climatic factors.

DISCUSSIONS• A widely used equation to describe a maximum density

gradation was developed by Fuller and Thompson in 1907.• Dense or Well Graded:• Refers to a gradation that is near the FHWA’s 0.45 power curve

for maximum density.• The most common HMA and PCC mix designs in the U.S. tend

to use dense graded aggregate. Typical gradations are near the 0.45 power curve but not right on it.

• Generally, a true maximum density gradation (exactly on the 0.45 power curve) would result in unacceptably low VMA.

REFERENCES1. Saad Issa Sarsam(2015): Modeling Asphalt

Concrete Mix Design Using Least Square Optimization

2. Priyansh Singh and Gurpreet Singh Walia(2014).: Review of Optimization Methods for Aggregate Blending.

3. Khaled A. Kandil and Al-Sayed A. Al-Sobky(2013): Aggregate Blending Model for Hot-Mix Asphalt Using Linear Optimization

4. Tumu Swapna(2013): Modelling of Bituminous mixes, JNTU Hyderabad.

5. Y. Cengiz Toklu(2005): Aggregate Blending Using Genetic Algorithms

REFERENCES6.Ismat M.EI Hassan(1987).: Irregular area computation7. Said M. Easa and Emre K.can(1985).: Optimization

model for aggregate blending8.Ahmed, F.A(1983).: Area computation using sailent

boundary points9.Mario T. Tabucanon, Pakorn Adulbhan and Stephen S.

Y. Chen(1979): A probabilistic programming model for blending aggregates.

10.Tom V. Mathew and K V Krishna Rao: Dry mix design NPTEL- IIT Bombay.

11.B. Pollington: Using Excel to solve linear programming problems.

REFERENCES13.https://www.quora.com/What is the easiest way to

calculate the area under the curve integral of a graph in excel/ Kamran Hyder.

14. Dipu Sutradhar*, Mintu Miah, Golam Jilany Chowdhury, Mohd. Abdus Sobhan(2015): Effect of Using Waste Material as Filler in Bituminous Mix Design.

15. Olugbenga A. Ehinola, Olugbenga A. Falode and G. Jonathan(2012): Softening point and Penetration Index of bitumen from parts of South western Nigeria.

16. Hanaa Mohammed Mahan(2013): Influence of Mineral Filler- Asphalt Ratio on Asphalt Mixture Performance.

REFERENCES17.Ravindra Tomar, R K Jain And M K Kostha (2013):EFFECT OF

FILLERS ON BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXES.18. IRC:111-2009 specifications for dense graded mixes.19.Afifa Rahman, Syed Ashik Ali*, Sajal Kumar Adhikary and Quazi

Sazzad Hossain (2009): effect of fillers on bituminous paving mixes: an experimental study.

20.Wojciech GRABOWSKI*, Jarosław WILANOWICZ, Mieczysław SŁOWIK, Tomasz SOBÓL(2007): Research Into The Influence Of Short-term Ageing On The Change In The Rheological Properties Of Mastics Containing Fillers Of Different Origin.

21. Prabir Kumar Das (2014): Ageing of Asphalt Mixtures: Micro-scale and mixture morphology investigation-Doctoral Thesis.

22. HP Bitumen Hand Book

REFERENCES23. Prajapati Harshad C, Dr. P. J. Gundaliya(2014): Review on Effect of

Aging on Paving Grade Bitumen using Different Filler Material.24. Rajan Choudhary , Satish Chandra : GRANITE AND MARBLE

DUSTS AS FILLER IN ASPHALT CONCRETE.25. Debashish Kar, Mahabir Panda and Jyoti Prakash Giri (2014):

INFLUENCE OF FLY-ASH AS A FILLER IN BITUMINOUS MIXES.

26. MORT&H 5th Edition (2013).27. Marek Iwanski,Grzegorz Mazurek(2013): Hydrated lime as the Anti

Aging Bitumen Agent.28.Aging of Bitumen by Nazma Presentation.

Thank You