AUTONOMOUS CARS

KIRAN KUMAR A.Under The Guidance Of:

Mr. BASAVANAGOUDAAsst. Prof. TJIT

by

• Driver error results in traffic accidents.• Drive without supervision.• Reducing accident number and accident

severity• Saving energy and reducing harmful exhaust

emission

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS AUTONOMOUS CARS?

It can steer itself while looking out for obstacles.

It can accelerate itself to the correct speed limit.

It can stop and go itself based on any traffic condition.

System Architecture and Layer structure

Driver Interface Components

HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI) : Steering wheel Pedals (ABC) Gear shift lever Parking brake Turn indicator stalk Wiper stalk Horn

COMMAND LAYER

Driver State Assessment :

Falling asleep Drowsiness level Direct monitoring Driver distraction Driver activity

Automation Level : The trajectory planning layer processes vehicle and environment data passed on from

I. Perception layerII. Driver's intentionIII. Driver state assessment dataIV. Driver automation

Co-Pilot :

It will provide the set of trajectories with their prioritization

The aerodynamic force

Acceleration of the vehicle

Disturbance force

vehicle model

Division of road

PERCEPTION LAYER

Environment Sensors :

The task of the environment sensing layer is to provide comprehensive information about the surrounding objects around the vehicle.

LIDAR Optical Remote sensing.

Range = 60m (~197 feet) This laser generates a detailed 3D map of its environment.

Position Estimator A rotation sensor mounted on the rear wheel. Measures lateral movement and determines exact position of the vehicle on the map. The location will be more accurate.

GPS Antenna For receiving GPS (Global Positioning System) signals.

As the vehicle moves, new positional information and sensor data are used to update the vehicle’s internal map.

It is used to obtain the location of the car.

Camera Detects traffic lights & traffic signs. Helps the car to recognize moving obstacles like pedestrians and bicyclists

UltrasonicTo measure and calculate distance from the sensor to a specified target object. Use sound waves above 20 000 Hz.

RADARS Detects vehicles far ahead. Measure vehicles’ speed. Used to locate the position of distant objects.

Night Vision Infrared systems. Increases driver's perception and visibility poor weather and in darkness.

How does it drive by itself?

1) Identify the position in a map.2) Detecting other vehicles.3) Predicting the trajectory of other moving objects.4) Calculating the most appropriate path.

1) 2)

3) 4)

Advantages React faster than humans.

Efficient use of highways.

360 degree perfection.

Cannot get distracted, sleepy, or intoxicated.

Avoid accidents.

Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the distances

between cars.

Exact location of vehicle can be determined.

CONCLUSION

Improves vehicle's stability helps to minimize loss of

control.

Minimize accidents

Imagine a world where Government don’t have to build

new roads to reduce traffic.

Imagine getting in the car and being able to go wherever

you want to go even if you don’t have a driving license.

s Hayes, Brian (2011), Leave the Driving to it, American Scientist, 99:362-366

Atiyeh, Clifford (2012), Predicting Traffic Patterns, One Honda at a Time, MSN Auto,

June 25

US Department of Transportation Highway Safety Administration (2011), Report #

FHWA-PL-II-022

S.E. Shladover, Literature Review on Recent International Activity in Cooperative

Vehicle-Highway Automation Systems (Technical Report FHWA-HRT-13-025), Federal

Highway Administration, McLean, VA, 2012.

D. Bartz, Overview of the US Army TARDEC Autonomous Mobility Appliqué System

(AMAS),Presentation at the Transportation Research Board and AUVSI Automated

Vehicles Symposium, San Francisco, CA, July 15-17, 2014.

REFERENCE

THANK QQQQQQQ

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